The authors would like to thank Senior Engineers R. Wang and W. Yang for their guidance in SEM and EDX analysis. Dr. Guo at the University of Science and Technology Beijing is also thanked for her help in thermal simulation work. 1. Blaes, N., Donth, B., and Bokelmann, D. 2007. High chromium steel forgings for steam turbines at elevated temperatures. Energy Materials 2: 207–213. 2. Lu, F., Liu, P., Ji, H., Ding, Y., Xu, X., and Gao, Y. 2014. Dramatically enhanced impact toughness in welded 10% Cr rotor steel by high temperature post-weld heat treatment. Mater Charact. 92: 149–158. 3. Di Gianfrancesco, A., Cipolla, L., Paura, M., Vipraio, S. T., Venditti, D., Neri, S., et al. The role of boron in long term stability of a CrMoCOB (FB2) steel for rotor application. Advances in materials technology for fossil power plants. Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, August 31–September 3, 2010, Santa Fe, N.Mex. ASM International, p. 342. 4. Nakano, M., Kawano, K., and Mikami, M. 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Equilibrium studies on a Chi phasestrengthened ferritic alloy. Metallurgical Transactions A 9: 1651–1657. WELDING RESEARCH 21. Song, Y., McPherson, N. A., and Baker, T. N. 1996. The effect of welding process on the Chi phase precipitation in as-welded 317L weld metals. ISIJ International 36: 1392–1396. 22. Kautz, H. R., and Gerlach, H. 1968. Mechanical and corrosion-resistance — Properties of unstabilized fully austenitic steels used in reactors and steam-boiler plants. Arch Eisenhuttenw. 39: 151–158. 23. Cieslak, M. J., Ritter, A. M., and Savage, W. F. 1984. Chi-phase formation during solidification and cooling of CF-8 M weld metal. Welding Journal 63(4): 133. 24. Weiss, B., and Stickler, R. 1972. Phase instabilities during high temperature exposure of 316 austenitic stainless steel. Metallurgical Transactions 3: 851–866. From Fig. 6B (number 1), we can get the interplanar distance in the three directions. Now, as an example, take the interplanar distance of (–1, 2, –1) d(–1, 2,–1). It is easy to get the length from the central spot to this spot (–1, 2, –1) R(–1, 2, –1) = 2.7034 1/nm on the reciprocal space. Then the interplanar distance d(–1, 2, –1) = 1/R(–1, 2, –1) = 0.3699 nm. The relationship between the lattice parameter a0 and interplanar distance d satisfies the equation below d = a0 / h2 + k2 +l2 where (h, k, l) is the corresponding indices of the crystal face. In this way, it is easy to get the lattice parameter a0. a0 = d �� h2 + k2 +l2 = 0.3699 �� (=1)2 +22 +(=1)2 = 0.906 nm In the same way, we can get the lattice parameter in Fig. 6B (numbers 2 through 4). JULY 2016 / WELDING JOURNAL 263-s Acknowledgments References Appendix
Welding Journal | July 2016
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