Standard Welding Terms and Definitions The purpose of AWS A3.0:M/A3.0:2010, Standard Welding Terms and Definitions, is to “establish standard terms and definitions to aid in the communication of information related to welding, adhesive bonding, brazing, soldering, thermal cutting, and thermal spraying.” Among the goals of the Definitions Subcommittee was that A3.0 encompass all terms, not adequately defined in a dictionary, directly related to welding or allied fields. Therefore, both standard and nonstandard jargon, as well as dialect and vernacular terms, are accepted for inclusion in A3.0. Some of the most-often used incorrect terms and their correct counterparts, as well as the definitions of the standard terms from AWS A3.0, are listed below. THE AMERICAN WELDER 90 WELDING JOURNAL / DECEMBER 2016 FACT SHEET WJ Standard Nonstandard Definition of Standard Term Arc length Gap The distance from the tip of the welding electrode to the adjacent surface of the weld pool. Base metal Parent metal, base plate The metal or alloy being welded, brazed, soldered, or cut. Butt joint (groove weld) Butt weld A joint type in which the butting ends of one or more workpieces are aligned in approximately the same plane. Complete joint penetration Full penetration A groove weld condition in which weld metal extends (CJP) through the joint thickness. Covered electrode Stick electrode, coated electrode A composite filler metal electrode consisting of a bare or metal cored electrode with a flux covering sufficient to provide a slag layer and/or alloying elements. Discontinuity Defect (unless indicating rejectability) An interruption of the typical structure of a material, such as a lack of homogeneity in its mechanical, metallurgical, or physical characteristics. A discontinuity is not necessarily a defect. Gas metal arc welding Metal inert gas (MIG) An arc welding process using an arc between a (GMAW) continuous filler metal electrode and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding from an externally supplied gas and without the application of pressure. Gas tungsten arc welding Tungsten inert gas (TIG) An arc welding process using an arc between a tungsten (GTAW) electrode (nonconsumable) and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding gas and without the application of pressure. Joint Seam The junction of the workpiece(s) that are to be joined or have been joined. Joint clearance (brazing Gap The distance between the faying surfaces of a joint. and soldering) Root opening Gap, root gap A separation at the joint root between the workpieces. Shielded metal arc welding Stick electrode welding An arc welding process with an arc between a covered (SMAW) electrode and the weld pool. The process is used with shielding from the decomposition of the electrode covering, without the application of pressure, and with filler metal from the electrode. Weld interface Fusion line The boundary between weld metal and base metal in a fusion weld, between base metals in a solid-state weld without filler metal, or between filler metal and base metal in a solid-state weld with filler metal. Welding wire Filler wire A form of welding filler metal, normally packaged as coils or spools, that may or may not conduct electrical current depending upon the welding process with which it is used.
Welding Journal | December 2016
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