keep the arc length constant as the cladding gets thicker and thicker during deposition. The welding gun stays stationary while the workpiece moves around. So, in addition to single-bead cladding, single-layer square cladding was made over a 27 ¥ 27 mm area on the steel. Cladding was also made with four layers and eight layers. The eight-layer cladding was used to determine its overall chemical composition. Overall Cladding Composition In order to provide enough material for the many samples needed for chemical composition analysis, an eight-layer cladding was made over a square area of 31.5 ¥ 31.5 mm on the 1018 steel plate. The cladding was about 6.7 mm thick. After welding, the cladding was cut off by electrical discharge machining (EDM) for the purpose of chemical analysis, from 1 mm above the steel plate. In other words, the amount of sample for the chemical analysis was 31.5 ¥ 31.5 ¥ 5.7 mm in volume. The cut-off sample was then broken up into WELDING RESEARCH Fig. 3 — Waveforms of current and voltage. A — Sample 53 (conventional GMAW); B — Sample 55 (conventional GMAW); C — Sample 50 (GMAWCSC). 454-s WELDING JOURNAL / DECEMBER 2016, VOL. 95 Fig. 4 — Top views of welds made by conventional GMAW at various voltages and heat inputs. A — Weld No. 52; B — Weld No. 53; C —Weld No. 54; D — Weld No. 55. Travel speed: 15 mm/s. A A B B C C D
Welding Journal | December 2016
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