Internal Family Systems Model

The Internal Family Systems Model (IFS) is an integrative approach to individual psychotherapy developed by Richard C. Schwartz in the 1980s.^[1]^[2] It combines systems thinking with the view that the mind is made up of relatively discrete subpersonalities, each with its own unique viewpoint and qualities. IFS uses systems psychology, particularly as developed for family therapy, to understand how these collections of subpersonalities are organized.^[3]

Parts

IFS posits that the mind is made up of multiple parts, and underlying them is a person's core or true Self. Like members of a family, a person's inner parts can take on extreme roles or subpersonalities. Each part has its own perspective, interests, memories, and viewpoint. A core tenet of IFS is that every part has a positive intent, even if its actions are counterproductive or cause dysfunction. There is no need to fight with, coerce, or eliminate parts; the IFS method promotes internal connection and harmony to bring the mind back into balance.

IFS therapy aims to heal wounded parts and restore mental balance. The first step is to access the core Self and then, from there, understand the different parts in order to heal them.

In the IFS model, there are three general types of parts:^[4]

Exiles represent psychological trauma, often from childhood, and they carry the pain and fear. Exiles may become isolated from the other parts and polarize the system. Managers and Firefighters try to protect a person's consciousness by preventing the Exiles' pain from coming to awareness.^[5]
Managers take on a preemptive, protective role. They influence the way a person interacts with the external world, protecting the person from harm and preventing painful or traumatic experiences from flooding the person's conscious awareness.
Firefighters emerge when Exiles break out and demand attention. They work to divert attention away from the Exile's hurt and shame, which leads to impulsive and/or inappropriate behaviors like overeating, drug use, and/or violence. They can also distract a person from pain by excessively focusing attention on more subtle activities such as overworking or overmedicating.

The internal system

IFS focuses on the relationships between parts and the core Self. The goal of therapy is to create a cooperative and trusting relationship between the Self and each part.

There are three primary types of relationships between parts: protection, polarization, and alliance.^[6]

Protection is provided by Managers and Firefighters. They intend to spare Exiles from harm and protect the individual from the Exile's pain.
Polarization occurs between two parts that battle each other to determine how a person feels or behaves in a certain situation. Each part believes that it must act as it does in order to counter the extreme behavior of the other part. IFS has a method for working with polarized parts.
Alliance is formed between two different parts if they're working together to accomplish the same goal.

IFS method

IFS practitioners report a well-defined therapeutic method for individual therapy based on the following principles. In this description, the term "protector" refers to either a manager or firefighter.

Parts in extreme roles carry "burdens": painful emotions or negative beliefs they have taken on as a result of past harmful experiences, often in childhood. These burdens are not intrinsic to the part and therefore they can be released or "unburdened" through IFS therapy, allowing the part to assume its natural healthy role.
The Self is the agent of psychological healing. Therapists help their clients to access and remain in Self, providing guidance along the way.
Protectors usually can't let go of their protective roles and transform until the Exiles they are protecting have been unburdened.
There is no attempt to work with Exiles until the client has obtained permission from the Protectors who are protecting it. This allegedly makes the method relatively safe, even in working with traumatized parts.
The Self is the natural leader of the internal system. However, because of past harmful incidents or relationships, Protectors have stepped in and taken over for the Self. One Protector after another is activated and takes the lead, causing dysfunctional behavior. Protectors are also frequently in conflict with each other, resulting in internal chaos or stagnation. The aim is for the Protectors to trust the Self and allow it to lead the system, creating internal harmony under its guidance.

The first step is to help the client access the Self. Next, the Self gets to know the Protector(s), its positive intent, and develops a trusting relationship with it. Then, with the Protector's permission, the client accesses the Exile(s) to uncover the childhood incident or relationship that is the source of the burden(s) it carries. The Exile is retrieved from the past situation and guided to release its burdens. Finally, the Protector can then let go of its protective role and assume a healthy one.^[7]

Critiques

Therapists Sharon A. Deacon and Jonathan C. Davis suggested that working with one's parts may "be emotional and anxiety-provoking for clients", and that IFS may not work well with delusional, paranoid, or schizophrenic clients who may not be grounded in reality and therefore misuse the idea of "parts".^[8]

References

Minor, Amanda J. (2016). "Internal Family Systems Model". In Carlson, Jon; Dermer, Shannon B. (eds.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Marriage, Family, and Couples Counseling. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483369563. Retrieved 28 January 2020. The Internal Family Systems (IFS) model was developed by Richard C. Schwartz in the 1980s and describes and integrative, nonpathological approach to psychotherapy.... The premise of IFS is that similar to the complex external family system, individuals are composed of separate and multifaceted internal parts in relationship with each other. IFS's primary focus is to work with individuals and help differentiate parts or subpersonalities in the mind.
Logan, Sadye L. M. (2008). "Family: Overview". In Mizrahi, Terry; Davis, Larry E. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Work. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 2:175–182. ISBN 9780195306613.
Burgoyne, Nancy (2018). "Schwartz, Richard C". In Lebow, J.; Chambers, A.; Breunlin, D. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_927-1. ISBN 9783319158778. [Schwartz] brought family therapy theory and technique to the intrapsychic worlds of clients and, in so doing, discovered ways of working with individuals, couples, and families that is unique and evidence-based. IFS has become not only a school of family therapy but also a major form of psychotherapy in general, with a vast literature and training institutes throughout the world.
Scott, Derek (2012). "Grief and the Internal Family System". In Winokuer, Howard; Harris, Darcy (eds.). Principles and practice of grief counseling. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 168–169. ISBN 9780826108739. The "parts" in this model may be understood to be autonomous aspects of the personality that have specific roles. [...] The exiled parts hold extreme feelings or beliefs about themselves.... When these vulnerable parts get triggered, other parts jump up to distract us from them and these reactive protective parts are termed "firefighters." [...] The other group of protectors in the system are referred to as "managers," and they seek to ensure that the vulnerable parts do not get triggered.
Sweezy, Martha (April 2011). "The Teenager's Confession: Regulating Shame in Internal Family Systems Therapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 65 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2011.65.2.179. PMID 21847894. Therapeutic work with parts can help to unpack an amalgamated experience of shame like Angie's into its component parts, differentiating its origin from the ways in which it is maintained.
Carlisle, Robert M. (2015). "Internal Family Systems Model". In Neukrug, Edward S. (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Counseling and Psychotherapy. SAGE Publications. pp. 567–569. ISBN 9781483346496. Retrieved 28 January 2020. The internal system consists of the types of relationships between each of the parts and the self. The three primary relationships consist of protection, polarization, and alliance.
Kolk, Bessel A. Van der (2015). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Penguin Books. p. 286. ISBN 9780143127741. OCLC 861478952. The task of the therapist is to help patients separate this confusing blend into separate entities.... Patients learn to put their fear, rage, or disgust on hold and open up into states of curiosity and self-reflection. From the stable perspective of Self they can begin constructive inner dialogues with their parts.
Deacon, Sharon A.; Davis, Jonathan C. (March 2001). "Internal Family Systems Theory: A Technical Integration". Journal of Systemic Therapies. 20 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1521/jsyt.20.1.45.19410. Parts work can be emotional and anxiety-provoking for clients and therapists must have a rationale and direction in order to guide clients on such internal journeys. [...] Although Schwartz may disagree, we believe that IFS therapy, in general, may not work well with delusional, paranoid, or schizophrenic clients. Clients who are not grounded in reality may misuse the idea of "parts" or become more entrenched in delusional thoughts by such interventions.

Breunlin, Douglas C.; Schwartz, Richard C.; Kune-Karrer, Betty Mac (1992). Metaframeworks: transcending the models of family therapy. The Jossey-Bass social and behavioral science series. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. ISBN 1555424260. OCLC 24590165.
Michelson, Katherine J. (1998). "Mapping multiplicity: an application of the internal family systems model". In Nelson, Thorana Strever; Trepper, Terry S. (eds.). 101 more interventions in family therapy. Haworth marriage and the family. New York: Haworth Press. pp. 426–430. ISBN 078900058X. OCLC 38144382.
Schwartz, Richard C. (1998). "Internal family systems family therapy". In Dattilio, Frank M.; Goldfried, Marvin R. (eds.). Case studies in couple and family therapy: systemic and cognitive perspectives. The Guilford family therapy series. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 331–352. ISBN 1572302976. OCLC 37721397.
Schwartz, Richard C. (1999). "The internal family systems model". In Rowan, John; Cooper, Mick (eds.). The plural self: multiplicity in everyday life. London; Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. pp. 238–253. ISBN 0761960759. OCLC 44414295.
Schwartz, Richard C. (1999). "The self-to-self connection: intimacy and the internal family systems model". In Carlson, Jon; Sperry, Len (eds.). The intimate couple. Philadelphia: Brunner/Mazel. pp. 263–275. ISBN 0876308809. OCLC 39347380.
Johnson, Laura M.; Schwartz, Richard C. (2000). "Internal family systems work with children and families". In Bailey, C. Everett (ed.). Children in therapy: using the family as a resource. A Norton professional book. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. pp. 73–111. ISBN 0393702898. OCLC 43845598.
Schwartz, Richard C.; Rose, Michi (2002). "Internal family systems therapy". In Carlson, Jon; Kjos, Diane (eds.). Theories and strategies of family therapy. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. pp. 275–295. ISBN 020527403X. OCLC 47296206.
Nichols, Michael P.; Schwartz, Richard C. (2006) [1984]. Family therapy: concepts and methods (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education/Allyn & Bacon. ISBN 0205478093. OCLC 60825574.
Holmes, Tom (2007). Parts Work: An Illustrated Guide to Your Inner Life. Winged Heart Press. ISBN 9780979889714.
Schwartz, Richard C.; Schwartz, Mark F.; Galperin, Lori (2009). "Internal family systems therapy". In Courtois, Christine A.; Ford, Julian D. (eds.). Treating complex traumatic stress disorders: an evidence-based guide. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 353–370. ISBN 9781606230398. OCLC 234176147.
Schwartz, Richard C.; Blow, Adrian J. (2010). "Creating self-to-self intimacy: internal family systems therapy with couples". In Gurman, Alan S. (ed.). Clinical casebook of couple therapy. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 375–398. ISBN 9781606236765. OCLC 559649909.
Ecker, Bruce; Ticic, Robin; Hulley, Laurel (2012). Unlocking the emotional brain: eliminating symptoms at their roots using memory reconsolidation. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415897167. OCLC 772112300.
Schwartz, Richard C. (2013). "Internal family systems". In Rambo, Anne Hearon; et al. (eds.). Family therapy review: contrasting contemporary models. New York: Routledge. pp. 196–199. ISBN 9780415806626. OCLC 754732614.
Sweezy, Martha; Ziskind, Ellen L., eds. (2013). Internal family systems therapy: new dimensions. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415506830. OCLC 758394531.
Papernow, Patricia L. (2013). Surviving and thriving in stepfamily relationships: what works and what doesn't. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415894371. OCLC 727702714.
Mones, Arthur G. (2014). Transforming troubled children, teens, and their families: an internal family systems model for healing. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415744218. OCLC 869140910.
Schwartz, Richard C.; Sparks, Flint (2015). "The internal family systems model in trauma treatment: parallels with Mahayana Buddhist theory and practice". In Follette, Victoria M.; Briere, John; Rozelle, Deborah; Hopper, James W.; Rome, David I. (eds.). Mindfulness-oriented interventions for trauma: integrating contemplative practices. New York: Guilford Press. pp. 125–139. ISBN 9781462518586. OCLC 895272630.
Herbine-Blank, Toni (2016). "Tracking protective sequences in internal family systems therapy". In Weeks, Gerald R.; Fife, Stephen T.; Peterson, Colleen M. (eds.). Techniques for the couple therapist: essential interventions from the experts. New York: Routledge. pp. 133–136. ISBN 9781138814608. OCLC 926090888.
Fisher, Janina (2017). Healing the fragmented selves of trauma survivors: overcoming internal self-alientation. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9780415708227. OCLC 961009372.
Grabowski, Amy Yandel (2017). An internal family systems guide to recovery from eating disorders: healing part by part. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781138745209. OCLC 972740227.
Spiegel, Lisa (2017). Internal family systems therapy with children. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781138682108. OCLC 959602748.
Sweezy, Martha; Ziskind, Ellen L., eds. (2017). Innovations and elaborations in internal family systems therapy. New York: Routledge. ISBN 9781138024380. OCLC 920723974.
Schwartz, Richard C. (2021). No Bad Parts Work. Sounds True. ISBN 9781683646686.

Peer-reviewed articles

Vesper, Joyce H. (April 1996). "Review of Internal Family Systems Therapy". Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. 33 (1): 154–155. doi:10.1037/h0092358.
Barton, Marci A.; Bischoff, Richard J. (July 1998). "Rocks and rituals in producing therapeutic change". Journal of Family Psychotherapy. 9 (3): 31–41. doi:10.1300/J085V09N03_03.
Wark, Linda; Thomas, Melanie; Peterson, Sahri (April 2001). "Internal family systems therapy for children in family therapy". Journal of Marital & Family Therapy. 27 (2): 189–200. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2001.tb01156.x. PMID 11314552.
Dolbier, Christyn L.; Soderstrom, Mike; Steinhardt, Mary A. (September 2001). "The relationships between self-leadership and enhanced psychological, health, and work outcomes". The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied. 135 (5): 469–485. doi:10.1080/00223980109603713. PMID 11804002. S2CID 24693882.
Lavergne, Majie (March 2004). "Art therapy and internal family systems therapy: an integrative model to treat trauma among adjudicated teenage girls". Canadian Art Therapy Association Journal. 17 (1): 17–36. doi:10.1080/08322473.2004.11432257. S2CID 151897234.
Miller, Bobbi J.; Cardona, Jose Ruben Parra; Hardin, Michael (February 2007). "The use of narrative therapy and internal family systems with survivors of childhood sexual abuse: examining issues related to loss and oppression". Journal of Feminist Family Therapy. 18 (4): 1–27. doi:10.1300/J086v18n04_01. S2CID 142924422.
Davis, Sean D.; Piercy, Fred P. (July 2007). "What clients of couple therapy model developers and their former students say about change, part I: model-dependent common factors across three models". Journal of Marital & Family Therapy. 33 (3): 318–343. doi:10.1111/j.1752-0606.2007.00030.x. PMID 17598781.
Mones, Arthur G.; Schwartz, Richard C. (December 2007). "The functional hypothesis: a family systems contribution toward an understanding of the healing process of the common factors". Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 17 (4): 314–329. doi:10.1037/1053-0479.17.4.314.
Wilkins, Erica J. (December 2007). "Using an IFS informed intervention to treat African American families surviving sexual abuse: one family's story". Journal of Feminist Family Therapy. 19 (3): 37–53. doi:10.1300/J086v19n03_03. S2CID 68301370.
Green, Eric J. (April 2008). "Individuals in conflict: an internal family systems approach". The Family Journal. 16 (2): 125–131. doi:10.1177/1066480707313789. S2CID 145156433.
Pais, Shobha (March 2009). "A systemic approach to the treatment of dissociative identity disorder". Journal of Family Psychotherapy. 20 (1): 72–88. doi:10.1080/08975350802716566. S2CID 144628420.
Sweezy, Martha (March 2011). "Treating trauma after dialectical behavioral therapy". Journal of Psychotherapy Integration. 21 (1): 90–102. doi:10.1037/a0023011.
Schwartz, Richard C. (August 2013). "Moving from acceptance toward transformation with Internal Family Systems Therapy (IFS)". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 69 (8): 805–816. doi:10.1002/jclp.22016. PMID 23813465. S2CID 25501935.
Makidon, Yvonne (January 2014). "Trailhead intervention". Journal of Family Psychotherapy. 25 (1): 83–86. doi:10.1080/08975353.2014.881700. S2CID 216134495.
Mojta, Carl; Falconier, Mariana K.; Huebner, Angela J. (January 2014). "Fostering self-awareness in novice therapists using Internal Family Systems therapy". The American Journal of Family Therapy. 42 (1): 67–78. doi:10.1080/01926187.2013.772870. S2CID 143880274.
Seedall, Ryan B. (April 2014). "Review of Internal Family Systems Therapy: New Dimensions". Journal of Marital & Family Therapy. 40 (2): 262–263. doi:10.1111/jmft.12033.
Hoffman, David A. (October 2015). "What the #@!* are they fighting about?!?: reflections on fairness, identity, social capital, and peacemaking in family conflicts". Family Court Review. 53 (4): 509–516. doi:10.1111/fcre.12171.
Haddock, Shelley A.; Weiler, Lindsey M.; Trump, Lisa J.; Henry, Kimberly L. (January 2017). "The efficacy of internal family systems therapy in the treatment of depression among female college students: a pilot study". Journal of Marital & Family Therapy. 43 (1): 131–144. doi:10.1111/jmft.12184. PMID 27500908.
Lester, Rebecca J. (February 2017). "Self-governance, psychotherapy, and the subject of managed care: internal family systems therapy and the multiple self in a US eating-disorders treatment center". American Ethnologist. 44 (1): 23–35. doi:10.1111/amet.12423.
Minaiy, Cayla; Johnson, Natalie; Ciochon, Tim; Perkins, Dustin (June 2017). "Adaptability of family therapy modalities in the treatment of lesbian and gay clients with bulimia nervosa". Contemporary Family Therapy. 39 (2): 121–131. doi:10.1007/s10591-017-9410-5. S2CID 151926892.
Smith, Jesse A.; Hayes, Nicholas D.; Smock Jordan, Sara (July 2018). "Systemic integration of IFS therapy and 12-step facilitation for substance use: a theoretical discussion". Alcoholism Treatment Quarterly. 37: 60–74. doi:10.1080/07347324.2018.1502032. S2CID 149912414.
Lucero, Rebecca; Jones, Adam C.; Hunsaker, Jacob C. (September 2018). "Using internal family systems theory in the treatment of combat veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder and their families". Contemporary Family Therapy. 40 (3): 266–275. doi:10.1007/s10591-017-9424-z. S2CID 149052693.

[1] Minor, Amanda J. (2016). "Internal Family Systems Model". In Carlson, Jon; Dermer, Shannon B. (eds.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Marriage, Family, and Couples Counseling. SAGE Publications. ISBN 9781483369563. Retrieved 28 January 2020. The Internal Family Systems (IFS) model was developed by Richard C. Schwartz in the 1980s and describes and integrative, nonpathological approach to psychotherapy.... The premise of IFS is that similar to the complex external family system, individuals are composed of separate and multifaceted internal parts in relationship with each other. IFS's primary focus is to work with individuals and help differentiate parts or subpersonalities in the mind.

[2] Logan, Sadye L. M. (2008). "Family: Overview". In Mizrahi, Terry; Davis, Larry E. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Social Work. Oxford University Press, USA. pp. 2:175–182. ISBN 9780195306613.

[3] Burgoyne, Nancy (2018). "Schwartz, Richard C". In Lebow, J.; Chambers, A.; Breunlin, D. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Couple and Family Therapy. Springer International Publishing. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15877-8_927-1. ISBN 9783319158778. [Schwartz] brought family therapy theory and technique to the intrapsychic worlds of clients and, in so doing, discovered ways of working with individuals, couples, and families that is unique and evidence-based. IFS has become not only a school of family therapy but also a major form of psychotherapy in general, with a vast literature and training institutes throughout the world.

[4] Scott, Derek (2012). "Grief and the Internal Family System". In Winokuer, Howard; Harris, Darcy (eds.). Principles and practice of grief counseling. Springer Publishing Company. pp. 168–169. ISBN 9780826108739. The "parts" in this model may be understood to be autonomous aspects of the personality that have specific roles. [...] The exiled parts hold extreme feelings or beliefs about themselves.... When these vulnerable parts get triggered, other parts jump up to distract us from them and these reactive protective parts are termed "firefighters." [...] The other group of protectors in the system are referred to as "managers," and they seek to ensure that the vulnerable parts do not get triggered.

[5] Sweezy, Martha (April 2011). "The Teenager's Confession: Regulating Shame in Internal Family Systems Therapy". American Journal of Psychotherapy. 65 (2): 179–188. doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2011.65.2.179. PMID 21847894. Therapeutic work with parts can help to unpack an amalgamated experience of shame like Angie's into its component parts, differentiating its origin from the ways in which it is maintained.

[6] Carlisle, Robert M. (2015). "Internal Family Systems Model". In Neukrug, Edward S. (ed.). The SAGE Encyclopedia of Theory in Counseling and Psychotherapy. SAGE Publications. pp. 567–569. ISBN 9781483346496. Retrieved 28 January 2020. The internal system consists of the types of relationships between each of the parts and the self. The three primary relationships consist of protection, polarization, and alliance.

[7] Kolk, Bessel A. Van der (2015). The Body Keeps the Score: Brain, Mind, and Body in the Healing of Trauma. Penguin Books. p. 286. ISBN 9780143127741. OCLC 861478952. The task of the therapist is to help patients separate this confusing blend into separate entities.... Patients learn to put their fear, rage, or disgust on hold and open up into states of curiosity and self-reflection. From the stable perspective of Self they can begin constructive inner dialogues with their parts.

[8] Deacon, Sharon A.; Davis, Jonathan C. (March 2001). "Internal Family Systems Theory: A Technical Integration". Journal of Systemic Therapies. 20 (1): 45–58. doi:10.1521/jsyt.20.1.45.19410. Parts work can be emotional and anxiety-provoking for clients and therapists must have a rationale and direction in order to guide clients on such internal journeys. [...] Although Schwartz may disagree, we believe that IFS therapy, in general, may not work well with delusional, paranoid, or schizophrenic clients. Clients who are not grounded in reality may misuse the idea of "parts" or become more entrenched in delusional thoughts by such interventions.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

Uitdaging	op welke manier IFS Therapie dit aanpakt
Innerlijke conflicten	een segmenten worden gehoord en geïntegreerd
Onbegrepen emoties	Emotionele patronen geraken herkenbaar en getransformeerd
Gebrek aan zelfacceptatie	Zelfcompassie is versterkt via het verbinden betreffende dit ware zelf

Type Deel	Functie	kenmerkende Gedragingen
Manager	tegengaan betreffende kwetsbaarheid	Controle, perfectionisme, vermijden over conflicten
Exile	Verborgen pijn en verdriet	Teruggetrokkenheid, angst, verdriet
Firefighter	supersnelle afleiding ofwel verlichting	Impulsiviteit, afleiding zoeken, verslavingen

Techniek	Doel	Effect
Visualisatie	Creëren betreffende ons innerlijk landschap	Versterkt de verbinding betreffende segmenten
Dialogische borstspieroefeningen	Bevorderen betreffende communicatie tussen segmenten	ondersteunt voor dit oplossen met interne conflicten
Meditatieve ademhaling	Kalmeren met dit zenuwstelsel	Verhoogt zelfbewustzijn en evenwicht

Toepassing	Effectiviteit	Unieke Voordelen
Angststoornissen	Hoog	Herkennen aangaande beschermende delen vermindert paniek
Depressie	Gemiddeld tot Hoog	Bevordert zelfcompassie en reduceert zelfkritiek
Trauma verwerking	Hoog	betrouwbare toegang tot pijnlijke herinneringen buiten overweldiging

Rijksmuseum Amsterdam	Het Rijksmuseum Amsterdam is een wereldberoemd museum dat een grote collectie Nederlandse kunst en geschiedenis herbergt. Bezoekers kunnen topstukken bewonderen van kunstenaars zoals Rembrandt en Vermeer.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rijksmuseum
Anne Frank Huis Amsterdam	Het Anne Frank Huis Amsterdam is het beroemde museum waar het achterhuis van Anne Frank te bezichtigen is, waarin zij tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog ondergedoken leefde. Het museum toont het ontroerende verhaal van Anne Frank en haar dagboek, en gedenkt de gruwelen van de Holocaust in Nederland.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Frank_House
Zaanse Schans Zaandam	De Zaanse Schans Zaandam is een openluchtmuseum met historische windmolens, houten huizen en ambachtelijke werkplaatsen die het traditionele Nederlands leven laten zien. Bezoekers kunnen er ambachten zoals klompen maken en kaas produceren ervaren.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaanse_Schans
Domtoren Utrecht	De Domtoren in Utrecht is met 112 meter de hoogste kerktoren van Nederland en een iconisch symbool van de stad. Toeristen kunnen de toren beklimmen voor een prachtig uitzicht over Utrecht en de omgeving.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dom_Tower_of_Utrecht
Markthal Rotterdam	De Markthal Rotterdam is een beroemd overdekt marktgebouw met een prachtige boogvormige structuur en levendige muurschilderingen. Het biedt een breed scala aan verse producten, restaurants en winkels, en is een veelbezochte ontmoetingsplek voor zowel locals als toeristen in Nederland.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markthal_Rotterdam
Delftse Markt Delft	De Delftse Markt in Delft is een drukke markt waar je verse en lokale producten, lokale specialiteiten en allerlei waren kunt vinden. Het is een veelbezochte ontmoetingsplek voor zowel bewoners als toeristen, gelegen in het historische stadscentrum van Nederland.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delft
Grachten Amsterdam	De Grachten Amsterdam vormen een uniek netwerk van waterwegen die de stad doorkruisen en een belangrijk onderdeel zijn van het historische stadsbeeld in Nederland. Ze bieden mooie uitzichten en zijn omgeven door karakteristieke grachtenpanden, bruggen en gezellige cafés.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canals_of_Amsterdam
Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Rotterdam	Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen Rotterdam is een gerenommeerd kunstmuseum met een rijke collectie variërend van middeleeuwse tot moderne kunst. Het museum staat bekend om zijn topstukken van beroemde kunstenaars zoals Van Gogh, Dalí en Rembrandt.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_Boijmans_Van_Beuningen
Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe	Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe is een uitgestrekt natuurgebied in Nederland met diverse landschappen, zoals bossen, heidevelden en zandverstuivingen. Het park herbergt ook het Kröller-Müller Museum, dat een indrukwekkende collectie moderne kunst tentoonstelt.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Hoge_Veluwe_National_Park
Euromast Rotterdam	De Euromast in Rotterdam is een iconische uitkijktoren van 185 meter hoog die een uitgestrekt uitzicht over de stad en de haven biedt. Bezoekers kunnen er genieten van een eetgelegenheid, een brasserie en spannende activiteiten zoals abseilen en ziplinen.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euromast
NEMO Science Museum Amsterdam	NEMO Science Museum in Amsterdam is een boeiend wetenschapsmuseum waar bezoekers van alle leeftijden op een speelse manier wetenschap en technologie kunnen ontdekken. Het markante groene gebouw op het Oosterdokseiland biedt exposities, workshops en een panoramisch dakterras met uitzicht over de stad.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NEMO_Science_Museum
Valkenburg Caves Valkenburg	De Valkenburg grotten zijn een speciaal ondergronds netwerk van kalksteengroeven met een rijke geschiedenis en prachtige kunstwerken. Bezoekers kunnen er tochten maken en genieten van unieke tentoonstellingen en evenementen.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valkenburg_Caves
Apenheul Apeldoorn	Apenheul Apeldoorn is een uniek dierenpark waar apen vrijelijk rondlopen tussen de bezoekers. Het park biedt een participatieve en educatieve ervaring over vele apensoorten en hun leefomgeving.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apenheul
Hoge Veluwe National Park Otterlo	Nationaal Park De Hoge Veluwe National Park Otterlo in Nederland is een groot natuurgebied met wouden, heidegebieden en zandverstuivingen. Het park herbergt diverse wilde dieren en het Kröller-Müller Museum met een uitstekende kunstcollectie.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoge_Veluwe_National_Park
Gouda Cheese Market Gouda	De markt voor kaas in Gouda is een klassieke markt waar al jarenlang kaas wordt verhandeld volgens oude tradities. Bezoekers kunnen hier het verloop van kaaswegen en -handelen live meemaken en genieten van een gezellige sfeer.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouda_cheese
Mauritshuis Den Haag	Het Mauritshuis in Den Haag is een schitterend museum dat gereputeerd is voor zijn indrukwekkende collectie Nederlandse schilderkunst uit de Gouden Eeuw. Bezoekers kunnen hier werken bewonderen van kunstenaars zoals Vermeer, Rembrandt en Steen.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritshuis
Oude Kerk Amsterdam	De Oude Kerk Amsterdam is de eerste kerk van de plaats, gebouwd in de 13e eeuw en gelegen in de oude binnenstad. Het gebouw staat bekend om zijn schitterende gotische architectuur en indrukwekkende glas-in-loodramen.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oude_Kerk_(Amsterdam)
Louwman Museum Den Haag	Het Louwman Museum Den Haag herbergt een prachtige collectie van meer dan 250 historische auto's, van klassieke modellen tot zeldzame exemplaren. Bezoekers kunnen hier de evolutie van de auto-industrie ontdekken in een aangename en educatieve omgeving in Nederland.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louwman_Museum
Fries Museum Leeuwarden	Het Fries Museum Leeuwarden is een cultureel gerelateerd museum dat de historie, kunst en cultuur van Friesland presenteert. Het heeft een gevarieerde collectie met zoals archeologische vondsten, schilderijen en designobjecten.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fries_Museum
Biesbosch National Park	De Biesbosch is een uniek zoetwatergetijdengebied in Nederland met uitgestrekte kreken, wilgenbossen en rietvelden. Het park geeft volop kansen voor wandelen, varen en het spotten van diverse vogelsoorten.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biesbosch_National_Park
Zuiderzee Museum Enkhuizen	Het prachtige Zuiderzee Museum Enkhuizen vertelt het verhaal van de levensstijl en achtergrond rondom de afgenomen Zuiderzee. Gasten kunnen er traditionele vissersdorpen verkennen en oude ambachten uitproberen.	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zuiderzee_Museum

IFS Self-Leadership Therapy

IFS Self-Leadership Therapy: Innerlijke Delentherapie Helpt jouw teneinde Verschillende Kanten Van Jezelf lekkerder Te Begrijpen En Te Integreren

historie van IFS Therapie

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De kern betreffende IFS Therapie in Internal Family Systems (IFS) Therapie betreffende Eline

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een Dynamiek met Protectors en Managers

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adviezen vanwege dit Versterken betreffende je Innerlijke Zelf

Effectieve benaderingen betreffende Internal Family Systems therapie in holland

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