As a geographer, spatial analysis is the best part of using GIS. The examples below represent work I have conducted both professionally and academically.
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This map depicts the results of a least-cost path analysis of mountain lion movement with respect to a significant barrier--in this case, Interstate 15 in southern Riverside County/northern San Diego
County. The least-cost path model was run 50 times resulting in different frequencies of passage over I-15. Those crossing frequencies determined to be "High" are potential locations where
an environmental planner could suggest a wildlife crossing structure be placed to allow for species such as mountain lions to safely cross the interstate.