DEPORTATION--UNITED STATES---priorities for return to native lands

DEPORTATION PRIORITIES:
DANGEROUS CRIMINALS FIRST

SYNOPSIS:

    Because it is physically and legally impossible
to deport ALL unauthorized foreign nationals at once,
we must decide WHICH citizens of other countries
to return to their homelands first.

    Until current immigration laws are revised and/or replaced,
the United States Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
can remove any unauthorized foreign national found in the USA.

    About one million unauthorized immigrants
might be sent back to their countries of origin each year.

    The following priorities might apply.
Most unauthorized foreign nationals
are never be charged or convicted for any criminal behavior.
Law-abiding foreign nationals might not be deported at all.

OUTLINE:

1. PRIORITY ONE: Convicted Murderers & others with Life-Sentences

2. PRIORITY TWO: Convicted Violent Felons

3. PRIORITY THREE: Convicted Non-Violent Felons

4. PRIORITY FOUR: Convicted Drug-Dealers and Gang-Members

5. PRIORITY FIVE: Repeat Returnees

6. RECENT BORDER CROSSERS vs. INTERIOR RETURNS

7. KEEPING FAMILIES TOGETHER: GROUP-REPATRIATION

8. DIRECTORY USA WILL HELP TO IDENTIFY EVERYONE.

9. ALL PRISON SYSTEMS WILL COOPERATE.

1. PRIORITY ONE:
CONVICTED MURDERERS & OTHERS WITH LIFE-SENTENCES.

    When anyone is convicted of murder in the USA,
he or she will normally be sentenced to serve a life-term in a state prison.
But in practice, a 'life-sentence' sometimes does not mean
until the natural death of the inmate.
And sometimes prisoners who are terminally-ill
are released shortly before they die.

    While campaigning for President, Donald Trump invited
family-members of victims of homicide
who had been killed by foreign nationals
who had previously been expelled from the United States
to tell their stories.
Probably all of the murderers in question
were already in prison for their crimes.

    But it could be made clear by immigration policy
that none of these murderers would ever again
be free on the streets of America.

    If they are ever released from prison
either in the USA or in their home countries,
they will never, never be permitted to be present in the United States.

    Because this set of unauthorized foreign nationals
who have also been convicted and sentenced for murder is so small,
this classification of Priority One Deportees might be expanded
to include a few other very serious crimes
that logically seem to be consequential enough
to warrant automatic deportation
if and when the convicted criminals are ever released from prison.

    Life-sentences might be the easiest way to define this group:
Any convicted criminal who has been sentenced to life-in-prison
would be included on the list of Priority One Deportees
just in case they are released alive from prison.

    These very serious criminals
who are also unauthorized foreign nationals
might not yet be listed as deportable
by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Thus, it should be possible for anyone
to check with the DHS to make certain
that this criminal is properly identified in the prison records.
If this inmate is ever released from prison,
he or she must be deported immediately.

     Family members of the murder victims
should be permitted to send letters or e-mails
to both the prisons and the DHS to make absolutely sure
that these prisoners will be deported if they are ever released.
Both the prison records and the Department of Homeland Security
will keep track of all such unauthorized foreign nationals
to make absolutely certain that if they are ever released from prison,
they will be immediately returned to the countries where they are citizens.
Obviously, these countries should also be informed
that they are receiving convicted murderers, etc.
They might also be subject to trials and imprisonment in their homelands.
Or at least they will continue to be on parole for the rest of their lives.

    There are about 150 unauthorized foreign nationals on death row:
http://www.deathpenaltyinfo.org/foreign-nationals-and-death-penalty-us#Reported-DROW

    In 2012, 160,000 prisoners in the USA were serving life-sentences.
If 3% of these are unauthorized foreign nationals
(which is less their portion of the general population),
then 5,000 of these 'lifers' are citizens of other countries.
About 60% of these 'lifers' might actually be released before death
---since not all are sentenced to life-without-parole.
This leaves about 3,000 unauthorized foreign nationals
serving 'life-sentences' who might be paroled into the USA.

    If we add Lawful Permanent Residents to this list,
we might double the number of foreign nationals
who should be slated for return to their countries of origin
if and when they are ever released from 'life-imprisonment'.
Lawful Permanent Residents are also know as Green-Card holders.
They have permission to live and work in the USA,
but they are not yet American citizens.
And if they have been sentenced to spend the rest of their lives in prison,
then they will never become U.S. citizens.

    By executive order or new legislation
these foreign prisoners might be classified
as never eligible for release anywhere in the USA.

    When Directory USA is created,
each prisoner in any jail or prison in America will also be fully identified.
Then we will know exactly how many foreign nationals
fall into this Priority One for Deportation.
And the Identity File for each such prisoner
will also unambiguously state that this person must never be released
anywhere in the United States of America or its territories.

2. PRIORITY TWO:
CONVICTED VIOLENT FELONS.

    The next most serious group of unauthorized foreign nationals
have been convicted and sentenced for crimes of violence.

    These criminals have been convicted
of crimes involving using a gun or other deadly weapon.
Manslaughter, vehicular homicide, arson, armed robbery,
aggravated assault, & rape would be examples of violent felonies.

    These criminals will serve time in prison imposed by a judge.
These terms could be any length from one year to 30 years.

    When felons convicted of violent offenses are also foreigners,
then in addition to their prison sentences,
they might also be banned from ever living free in the USA.

    If and when they ever complete their sentences in prison,
they will be immediately handed over to ICE for deportation.
And since their dates of release can be known months in advance,
the planning for their return to their countries of origin
can begin as far in advance as needed for the systems then in place.

    Some countries require more than a year to issue travel documents
to allow criminals to be returned to their homelands.
When such delays are known,
the process can begin many years in advance.
In fact, the planning for deportation can begin immediately
—as soon as the sentence begins for the convicted prisoner.
And on the date of 'release',
the foreign national will be handed over to ICE for immediate deportation.

    One federal law might have to be repealed.
This says that criminals may not be detained for more than six months
after they should have been released from prison.
So, if there are delays in the process of deportation,
these criminals are released into America,
even if they are slated for deportation.
This is another reason to begin the process of arranging for deportation
as soon as possible after the term in prison begins.

    The United States might have to create a new form of indefinite detention
for criminals who are foreign citizens
but who cannot safely be returned to their homelands.
Sometimes their homelands simply refuse to accept them back.
Thus, instead of releasing them to go wherever they please in the USA,
they should be kept in safe prisons
until their ultimate fates are resolved.
This might mean moving the convict from a state prison,
where the imposed term of imprisonment for the crime was served,
to a new federal detention system,
where the convicted foreign criminal will be kept
because of the immigration violation of being in the USA without permission.
Negotiation can then proceed with the criminal's country of origin
to arrange for deportation back to the homeland,
where the criminal might be imprisoned again, perhaps for other crimes
—or maybe put on supervised release of some kind.

    This will also have an impact on the families of convicted felons:
They will know in advance that their convicted relatives
will never be permitted to live outside of prison walls in the USA.
This might encourage other unauthorized members of the family
to return voluntarily to their homelands,
where they might be able to make new lives for themselves
without the convicted felons
who might have been a main source of income
before being arrested, tried, convicted, & sentenced.

    There might be as many as one million foreign nationals
who have been convicted of violent crimes
leading to a sentence of more than one year in prison.
All of these might be slated for deportation.
The exact numbers need not be known in advance.
This priority for deportation can be applied at once:
Any citizen of another country who is convicted of a violent felony
shall be deported if and when the prison sentence has been completed.

    In Directory USA, violent felons can be listed as
serving specific sentences in such-and-such prisons.
If they are also foreign nationals
and if they might eventually be released from prison,
they can be slated for deportation upon release.

3. PRIORITY THREE:
CONVICTED NON-VIOLENT FELONS.

    Many crimes result in terms in prison greater than one year.
These would include robbery, burglary, auto-theft, drug-dealing, etc.

    Here are a few additional non-violent felonies:
fraud, larceny, bad checks, tax evasion, copyright infringement,
vandalism, repeated drunk driving, obstruction of justice,
kidnapping, child pornography, threatening an official,
perjury, treason, parole violations, & drug possession.

    The seriousness of the offense is what defines a felony.
The sentence will normally be more than one year in prison.
But even if the actual time served is less than one year,
if the sentence was (or could have been) more than a year,
this violation of law counts as a felony.

    Each prison system anywhere in the United States
should be required to identify each prisoner held in custody,
including the citizenship of each prisoner.
It might take some months to prove the citizenship for any prisoner.
But the location of birth would be the most common method
of establishing that someone is an American citizen.
Almost all prisoners will claim that they were born in the USA.
Birth-records can be checked to see if this is true.
If a certain prisoner cannot point to birth-records,
there should also be some system of establishing location of birth
by means of the testimony of others who know about the birth.

    In some cases, birth-records can be discovered in other countries,
which will show that the claim of a birth in American was false.
This will establish the true citizenship of the prisoner.

    When a convicted felon is also a foreign national,
then he or she might be slated for deportation upon release.
This will be plainly stated in the prison records,
so that there will be no errors when the term in prison is completed.
This prisoner will never be released to live freely in America.
Rather, when the prisoner finishes the term of punishment,
this prisoner should be handed over to ICE for immediate deportation.
ICE might already have communicated with the homeland of this prisoner,
just in case that homeland also wants to put this person into jail.

    Perhaps a period of probation can be served in the native land.
In any case, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security
will keep a permanent record of this convicted felon.
The convicted criminal should be told (and informed in writing)
that he or she will never be permitted to enter the USA.
And the permanent records of the DHS
will always flag this individual if he or she attempts to cross the border
or ever applies for permission to emigrate to America.

    All convicted felons who are also foreign nationals
might be permanently barred from ever being in the USA.
They will have to make their new lives after prison
in the homelands where they hold citizenship.

    Another guess at numbers:
Over 8% of all adults in the USA have felony convictions.
(This includes both violent felonies and non-violent crimes.)
Non-violent felons might be 4% of the adult population.
Because Lawful Permanent Residents also include children,
let's guess that about 3% of all foreign nationals with Green Cards
have also been convinced of non-violent crimes
resulting in one year or more in prison.
Since there are now 13.7 million Lawful Permanent Residents,
3% of these would be about 400,000 adults.

    This includes offenders who have served their time and been released.
New immigration policy might decide never to release convicted criminals.
If their crimes prevent these foreigners from ever becoming U.S. citizens,
they might be automatically processed for deportation
as soon as their sentences of more than one year have been imposed.

    Immigration judges should have some discretion in these cases.
Has this foreign national been convicted of several crimes?
Are there any signs of rehabilitation while in prison?
Immigration judges will not re-try the original criminal cases,
but they will review the complete court record
and hear any relevant testimony
that might help decide the deportation issue.

4. PRIORITY FOUR:
CONVICTED DRUG-DEALERS AND GANG-MEMBERS.

    A very large portion of all criminals in jails and prisons
have been sentenced under drug-laws.
And frequently drug-dealers are parts of criminal gangs.
The other gang members help to keep control of certain locations
where that gang has a monopoly on illegal drug sales.

    Sometimes criminal gangs are made up primarily
of foreign nationals from a single country.
When their native language is something other than English,
they have this additional layer of protection from discovery.
They can communicate with one another (even by phone)
with less fear that strangers will understand what they say.

    In some cities the major form of crime is selling illegal drugs.
The dealers are frequently caught, booked, charged, tried, & convicted.
They go to jail for a specified number of months or years.
And then they are released to go wherever they please.
Most often they return to their criminal behavior
because selling drugs is their familiar way of life.
And the money they can 'earn' by selling illegal drugs
is more than the money they can make in any lawful alternative.

    This revolving door of crime-prison-crime-prison
will have to be resolved by some reforms of the 'corrections' system.
How can these individuals be saved from their criminal behavior?
And if they have not changed their minds about how to make a living,
should they ever be released?

    But when the drug-dealers and gang-members are also
citizens of other countries, present in the USA without permission,
then we do have one additional sanction to impose: deportation.

    All prison-systems should do their best to identify fully
all of the prisoners in each correctional institution.
This should explicitly include the country of citizenship.

    Most drug-criminals are American citizens because of their birth.
But something like 5% might be foreign nationals
present in the United States without permission.

    Because almost all of these citizens of other countries
will claim to be Americans by birth or naturalization,
the prison authorities should take advantage of the term in prison
to check with all relevant data-bases
to discover the real citizenship of each prisoner.
Which ones were born in a U.S. hospital?
Do birth-records exist for them
that prove that they are American citizens?
Which ones were born in other countries?
When did they emigrate into the USA?
Did they have any recorded permission to enter?
Are they still citizens of some other countries?

    A simple principle of immigration reform could be:
If this person has ever been sentenced to one year or more in prison,
then this person will never become an American citizen.

    Such principles are probably already in effect
for all immigrants who come to the USA with permission:
If would-be Americans commit crimes
that put them into jail for one year or more,
then the expected pathway to American citizenship ends there.

    Authorized immigration (with a visa giving official permission)
includes at least a five-year period of probation
before naturalization is granted.
If this authorized immigrant commits serious crimes,
the United States can deny citizenship to that person.
If any individual applying for citizenship in the USA
has spent more than one year in prison,
how can this person expect to become an American citizen?

    Even stronger sanctions should apply to do-it-yourself immigrants:
Once they are arrested for any crime serious enough
to sentence them to a year or more in jail,
then they should lose any chance of later naturalization.

    We might say that do-it-yourself immigrants are also on probation
for whatever period of time they have lived in the USA.
If at any time during their unauthorized presence in America
they are arrested, tried, convicted, & sentenced to one year or more,
this automatically disqualifies them from American citizenship.

    In practice this should set a new pattern for all foreign nationals
who commit crimes while living in the USA.
Instead of the merry-go-round of crime-prison-crime-prison,
foreign nationals should experience a new pattern:
crime-prison-deportation.

    While still within prison walls,
their citizenship will be fully documented.
And if they are found to be citizens of other countries,
their prison records will carefully show
that they should never be released anywhere in America.

    Rather, when their prison-sentences have been completed,
they will be handed over to Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)
to be deported immediately to their countries of citizenship.

    The rest of their family members should also be informed in writing
that these prisoners will never be freed in America.
This might encourage other members of the family
who are also living in the USA to return to their native lands,
where they might be re-joined by the imprisoned family members
when they are released from any American jails or prisons
and immediately deported back to their homelands.

    This will create a regular flow of convicted criminals
back to the countries from which they came.
And because the United States of America has been an enabler
of this criminal behavior among unauthorized foreign nationals,
some compensation might be included
with the criminals returned to their homelands.
If they had not been permitted to stay so long in the USA,
they might have been prevented from becoming gang members.
And their life-of-crime might have been nipped-in-the-bud.

    When countries receive citizens upon release from prison in the USA,
these home countries should have full information about their crimes.
The home-countries might want to keep them on parole after return.
And perhaps there are other crimes
for which they will now be tried in their home countries.

    Especially if it seems wise for the rest of the family,
the convicted criminals might ask to serve their time
in prisons in their homelands.

    Unauthorized foreign nationals who commit crimes while in the USA
should not assume that they have a right to continue living in America.
In fact, their criminal behavior makes them excludable aliens.

    When there are millions of law-abiding citizens of other countries
waiting for admission to the USA, perhaps later to become citizens,
why would we naturalize foreign nationals who have committed crimes
that have sent them to prison for one year or more?

5. PRIORITY FIVE:
REPEAT RETURNEES.

    Many unauthorized foreign nationals who are deported
re-enter the United States without permission again and again.
This suggests some defects in the ways that deportation was carried out.
It seems that just putting deported foreign nationals over the border
does not give them much reason to stay where they are returned.

    We only need to think of how we would feel in similar circumstances:
We have our familiar homes in the USA,
but suddenly we are taken by force
and put across the border into another country.
Perhaps we have little experience with that country.
Maybe we no longer speak the language.
So our strongest motivation would be to return to the USA.

    The alternative to such standard deportation methods
would be to make certain that the deportation sticks.
This might include making certain that the person or family deported
has a good place to live in the country to which they are returning.
The assets they once owned in the United States could be sold
to buy them similar assets in their homelands.
If their old homes and businesses in the USA have been sold off,
and if they have new places to live in their homelands,
they will be much more inclined to settle where they were returned.

    Good record-keeping of all persons deported from the United States
should make it less likely for them to attempt to re-enter the USA.
And when they are discovered within the United States once again,
they can be immediately deported,
without (in this case) any new hearing before an immigration judge.
They have already been found ineligible to remain in America.
So they can be returned home without any further legal procedure.

    In the same category for deportation, we might include
all foreign nationals for whom deportation orders have already been issued.
Depending on what sources we consult,
there are between one million and three million persons
already listed for deportation but who have not yet been removed.
We should investigate more deeply the reasons for these delays.
Is it lack of staff persons to achieve the deportations?
If so, then more people can be hired to assure the orderly departure
of foreign nationals who are already slated for deportation.

    One problem with getting accurate numbers of foreign nationals
already ordered deported who are still in the USA
is that some counts include those citizens of other countries
who are somewhere in the long process of investigation
that will probably lead to their eventual deportation.
The number of foreign nationals in process at any given time
might be about one million.

    Another problem with these numbers is that they might include
foreign nationals who once had some kind of permission to be in the USA.
Their criminal behavior has now made them excludable
even if they were once on a pathway towards American citizenship.

    One obvious way to prevent foreign nationals slated for deportation
from leaving court and immediately moving to a new address
is to take them into custody in court after the immigration judge
orders them removed from the USA.
Right now, they are just told to report for deportation,
which, of course, most of them never do.

    How many foreign nationals ordered deported
actually keep that date with the deportation officer?

6. RECENT BORDER CROSSERS vs. INTERIOR RETURNS.

    All of the persons discussed above for deportation
are people who have been living long enough in the USA
to have committed crimes other than their immigration violations.
Returning these individuals and families to their homelands
is what we normally mean by "deportation".

    Foreign nationals turned back at the borders
are sometimes also referred to as "deported",
but such actions by the Border Patrol
are dramatically different from discovering foreign nationals
living in regular homes and working at regular jobs.

    The Border Patrol has primary responsibility
for preventing unauthorized foreigners from crossing our borders.
Physical barriers at the borders turn back an unknown number of people.
And if they manage to get beyond the border,
they might soon be captured by Border Patrol and returned 'voluntarily'
back across the border they recently crossed without permission.

    Foreign nationals taken into custody by the Border Patrol
are normally classified as "recent border crossers".
Everyone who believes in having national borders
agrees that these do-it-yourself immigrants
should be returned to the countries from which they just came
as soon as possible.
And because this is more like border protection
than picking up foreign nationals
at their places of residence or employment,
such persons might not even be counted as deported.

    Usually more people are turned back at the borders
than deported from the interior after some time living in America.

    Staff increases would empower the Border Patrol to catch
more unauthorized border-crossers than ever before.
These recent border-crossers should be returned
but not counted as "deported".

    And the number of foreign nationals
prevented from entering or returned soon after entering
will vary depending on other changes to policy and practice.
For example, better work-authorization
will remove the hope of employment in the USA.

    Recent border-crossers will continue to be returned
at the rate of a few hundred thousand per year.

    Interior returns will probably increase year after year.
New immigration judges will be hired and trained
to handle the larger number of people
considered each year for deportation.

    Unauthorized foreign nationals who have committed no other crimes
(except the violations of entering and remaining in the USA)
will probably be given a low priority for deportation.
If they have a few arrests for drunken driving,
drug-possession, domestic abuse, and/or less serious violations,
these might add up to enough misbehavior
to disqualify them from ever becoming American citizens.

    By new executive orders and/or new legislation,
the United States will decide exactly which of these foreign nationals
to deport and which to allow to remain in America.

7. KEEPING FAMILIES TOGETHER: GROUP-REPATRIATION.

    A serious problem of former policies concerning deportation
has been the harm to families
of individuals returned to their homelands.

    Many families were torn apart by the deportation one-by-one
of some of the adults in the family.

    A more compassionate plan would keep families together,
even if whole families will be returned together to their homeland.
When some member of the family has been ordered deported,
the whole household where that individual lives should be investigated.
Perhaps other members of the family would be low priority for deportation.
But if they are nevertheless present in the USA without permission,
they might be deported by the same actions
that send high-priority deportees back to their native lands.

    This might also include minor children who are U.S. citizens by birth.
It is better for them to remain with their parents
rather than to be sent into some form of foster-care.
As U.S. citizens, these children will always be permitted to return to America
once they are old enough to live on their own.

    Being relocated to their homeland as a family group
should make the deportation more stable and permanent for the parents.
They will re-establish their roots in the country from which they came.
And they will mostly live the rest of their lives in their homelands.

    Of course, they can also apply to become ordinary immigrants to the USA.
And they should note in their applications for visas
that they have already lived for specific years in America.

8. DIRECTORY USA WILL HELP TO IDENTIFY EVERYONE.

    Once our national directory of all persons living in the USA is complete,
it will help to organize the priorities for deportation of any administration.
Each person's citizenship will be specified.
And if any individual has been convicted of a crime,
that specific crime will be noted,
together with any time served in a correctional institution.

    The Department of Homeland Security will be able to put together
the facts about citizenship and about criminal convictions
it order to implement the priorities then used for deportations.

    New people will be discovered and listed every day.
When the criminal-justice system is the means by which
someone is first identified and listed in Directory USA,
then—if this person is also an unauthorized foreign national—
being deported or being allowed to stay in America
can be decided based on all the facts collected.

    And as the listing becomes more complete,
families who know that their foreign status has been recorded
can make their own plans about where to live
based in part of the deportation-priorities then in operation.
They will observe which among the people they know
have already been deported—and the reasons for those returns.

    After the first million foreign nationals have been repatriated,
the effectiveness of the new policies, practices, & laws will become obvious.
Many foreign nationals not yet deported
will understand that they have the same profiles
as others who have already been deported.
For example, if they know that they have the same criminal convictions,
they might decide to return to their countries of citizenship
without waiting for official deportation.

    Thus, the impact of new priorities for deportation
will be felt beyond those individuals and families actually deported.
Especially when new laws make it obvious
that certain violations of law put citizenship out of the question,
individuals with those violations could depart on their own.
It might be easier on the whole family
if they have an orderly departure
rather than a forced return to their homeland.

9. ALL PRISON SYSTEMS WILL COOPERATE.

    If priorities for deportation are based on criminal convictions,
all prison systems must report the citizenship of their prisoners.
As seen above, the more serious the crime,
the higher that prisoner will be on the list for deportation
if he or she is also a citizen of another country.

    Cities might be able to maintain themselves as places
where the local police will not seek out unauthorized foreign nationals.
Public safety requires full communication with the police.
Cities might declare themselves safe zones
in the sense that unauthorized foreign nationals
will not automatically be reported to ICE
whenever they ask for education, health-care, or police protection.

    But there should be no 'sanctuary prisons',
where the authorities in charge of the prisoners
refuse to enforce the policies with regard to foreign nationals.
And each prison-system will keep careful records
of which prisoners will be released into the general population
when their sentences have been completed
and which prisoners will be handed over to ICE for deportation
because they are citizens of other countries.

AUTHOR:

James Park is himself a grateful immigrant to the USA.
He was admitted as a child with his whole family in 1949.
And he became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1955.
The United States has been enriched by each member of his family.
Immigration reform will allow millions more
to become open, meaningful members of the American family.
Much more about James Park will be found on his website,
James Leonard Park—Free Library.

This library contains other essays about immigration:

End Deportation of Persons Likely to Qualify for
a Pathway to Citizenship under Immigration Reform

25 Million Foreign Nationals in the USA:
How Many Will Stay?

Earning American Citizenship:
Be Above Average

IDEAL IMMIGRANTS:
New Criteria for Selecting New Americans

IMMIGRATION REFORM:
Selecting New Americans

I am an Immigrant

Immigration Problems and Solutions:
Keeping the Debate Constructive

IMMIGRATION REFORM:
A Range of Options

If They Cannot Work, They Will Not Come:
And Many Will Return to their Homelands

Born in the USA:
The Easy Way to Become a U.S. Citizen

Comprehensive Repatriation of Citizens of other Countries and their Families

National Identity File:
Directory USA

WANT TO JOIN AN ELECTRONIC SEMINAR ON IMMIGRATION REFORM?

    The above essay suggesting priorities for deportation
has become Chapter 15 of Orderly Immigration: Creating a New America:
"Deportation Priorities: Dangerous Criminals First".

    Would you consider joining a Facebook Seminar
discussing this book-being-revised?
See the complete description of this seminar:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/ED-IMM.html

    The discussion of all of the issues surrounding immigration reform
takes place in a Facebook Group called:
"U.S. Immigration & Asylum Reform: Reasonable Middle Pathways":
https://www.facebook.com/groups/431865303561834

Created December 8, 2016; Revised 12-31-2016;
1-4-2017; 1-5-2017; 1-6-2017; 1-10-2017; 1-11-2017; 1-13-2017; 1-14-2017; 1-31-2017;
2-1-2017; 2-11-2017; 2-23-2017; r4-14-2017; 10-18-2017; 2-5-2019; 11-18-2020;

EARLIER ATTEMPTS TO SET PRIORITIES FOR DEPORTATION:

Morton Memo Explained:
Guidelines for and against Deportation

Go to the beginning of this website
James Leonard Park—Free Library