WELDING RESEARCH JUNE 2016/ WELDING JOURNAL 201-s neck position. If aimed at the main body of the droplet, the laser pulse will penetrate the liquid droplet to induce a partial explosion. The optimal range of the laser incident angle was determined to be 45–60 deg in order to minimize droplet deflection. 2) Experiments indicated that, as the laser pulse power increased, the droplet deflection decreased while the velocity of the detached droplet increased. The minimum laser peak duration for a robust ODPP transfer was determined. The laser pulse frequency exactly equaled the metal transfer frequency. Given the welding current, the droplet mass/droplet deflection decreased/increased, respectively, with the laser pulse frequency. 3) A higher welding current produced a greater axial electromagnetic force, restraining the droplet deflection. The droplet deflection also could be effectively reduced by tilting the welding gun or using a relatively short arc. 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Welding Journal | June 2016
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