WELDING RESEARCH Conclusion These results indicate that the diverse activities of welding of aluminium in the shipbuilding environment as described here posed a risk of exceeding regulatory limits for Cr(VI) compounds for which control measures are necessary. Acknowledgment The financial support of CAPES (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior), Brasilia, DF, Brazil, in pursuit of this work is gratefully acknowledged. Statement of Conflict of Interest Neither author (Thomas Neil Mc- Manus, M.Sc., nor Assed N. Haddad, PhD) has a real nor implied nor potential conflict of interest arising from nor out of the work reported in this paper. 1. Shupack, S. 1991. The chemistry of chromium and some resulting analytical problems. Environmental Health Perspectives 92: 7–11. 2. Cunat, P. J. 2004. Alloying elements in stainless steel and other chromium-containing alloys. Paris: Euro Inox (International Chromium Development Association). 3. Pollard, S. F. 1993. Boatbuilding with Aluminium. New York: International Marine/ 92-s WELDING JOURNAL / MARCH 2016, VOL. 95 McGraw-Hill Education. 4. Davis, J. R. (ed). 1993. Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys. Materials Park, Ohio: American Society for Materials International. 5. Altenpohl, D. 1982. Aluminum Viewed from Within. Düsseldorf: Aluminum-Verlag. 6. Mondalfo, L. F. 1976. Aluminum Alloys, Structure and Properties. London: Butterworths. 7. Hatch, J. E. 1984. Aluminum: Properties and Physical Metallurgy. Materials Park, Ohio: American Society for Materials International. 8. ACGIH. 2001. Chromium metal and inorganic compounds. Documentation of the TLVs and BEIs. Cincinnati, Ohio: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. CD-ROM. 9. Hewitt, P. J., and Madden, M. G. 1986. Welding process parameters and hexavalent chromium in MIG fume. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 30: 427–434. 10. ACGIH. 2014. TLVs and BEIs for chemical substances and physical agents & biological exposure indices. Cincinnati, Ohio: American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. 11. WorkSafeBC. 2015. Occupational Health and Safety Regulation, Part 5: Chemical Agents and Biological Agents. Richmond, BC: WorkSafeBC. Retrieved from www2.worksafebc.com/publications/ohsregulation/ regulation.asp. 12. OSHA. 2015. Chromium (VI) (29CFR 1910.1026). Washington, D.C.: Accessed from osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/ owadisp.show_document?p_table=STANDARDS& p_id=13096. 13. Davis, J. R. 1994. Stainless Steels. Materials Park, Ohio: American Society for Materials International. 14. van der Wal, J. F. 1985. Exposure of welders to fumes, Cr, Ni, Cu and gases in Dutch industries. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 29: 377–389. 15. Castner, H. R., and Null, C. L. 1998. Chromium, nickel and manganese in shipyard welding fumes. Welding Journal 77(6): 223-s to 231-s. 16. Karlsen, J. T., Farrants, G., Torgrimsen, T., and Reith, A. 1992 Chemical composition and morphology of welding fume particles and grinding dusts. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 53: 290–297. 17. CSA Group. 2011. Certification of companies for fusion welding of aluminum. (CAN/CSA W47.2-11). Mississauga, ON: CSA Group. 18. Schlecht, P. C., and O’Connor, P. F. 2003. NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM®), 4th ed., 3rd Suppl. Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. DHHS (NIOSH) Publication 94-113 (August, 1994), 1st Supplement Publication 96-135, 2nd Supplement Publication 98-119, 3rd Supplement 2003-154. 19. EASI: IHDataAnalyst Lite Edition Version 1.29. Morgantown, W.Va.: Exposure Assessment Solutions, Inc. 20. Leidel, N. A., Busch, K. A., and Lynch, J. R. 1977. Occupational Exposure Sampling Manual (DHEW (NIOSH) Publication No. 77-173). Cincinnati, Ohio: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Center for Disease Control, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Table 5 — Air Sampling for Total Chromium during ArgonShielded GMAW Production Welding Location/Description Flow Rate L/min Time min Mass mg Concentration mg/m3 Downward on horizontal surfaces 2.1 132 2 7 (1F, 1G, 2F, 2G) Compartments of center module 2.0 413 2.1 3 (1F, 1G, 2F, 2G, 3F, 3G) 2.0 420 10.1 12 2.0 405 3.6 5 Engine bed, vertical work 2.0 384 5.3 7 (3F, 3G, 4F, 4G) 2.0 394 22.9 29 ESAB A2 machine operator 2.0 421 13.6 16 (1G) 2.0 260 9.2 18 2.0 358 45.5 64 Geometric mean 11.9 Geometric standard deviation 2.56 References
Welding Journal | March 2016
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