WORLD PEACE FORCE

Early Thinking


    In the 20th century (1900-1999) on the planet Earth,
200 million people died in warfare.
If there had been a World Peace Force of 1 million men and women,
instead of national military forces,
then these deaths would not have happened.

    Perhaps by the 22nd century (2100-2199),
world peace will prevail. 
And during the 21st century (2000-2099),
we can make the necessary changes
so that the planet Earth can be a place of peace.

    The following is a beginning list of Internet essays
imagining the creation of the World Peace Force.
The need might be obvious to many people in the world.
And it will probably take 100 years to create the World Peace Force.
But from small beginnings great movements can emerge.
Even a mighty oak began as a small acorn 100 years earlier.

    These are the titles so far:

Blessed Are the Peacemakers

World without War

World Peace Force
100 Years for Transition

Structure and Funding of the World Peace Force

Could the World Peace Force Go Bad?

THE MEANING OF COMPLETE WORLD DISARMAMENT

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Disarm the Planet Earth
One Nation at a Time

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Eliminate all Weapons of Mass Death

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
End all Military Dictatorships

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
When National Governments Collapse

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Separate the Arabs and Jews in Palestine

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Disarm the Warring Factions in Iraq

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Disarm All Sides in Afghanistan

WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?
Disarm All Fighters in Syria

RELIGIOUS PRISONS
TO REHABILITATE ISLAMIC TERRORISTS


Enlightened Presidents of the United States
Could Use the U.S. Military Forces
as an Interim World Peace Force


    Scroll down to read the synopses and outlines
and the links to the full explorations.




BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS

    Peacemakers will be individual persons who live everywhere on the planet Earth
who maintain peace, prevent genocide, & serve the people.
Admittedly, this is a utopian goal.
But, where there is no vision, the people perish.
What do you think about the following vision of a planet without war?

1. PEACEMAKERS WILL OPERATE IN A DISARMED WORLD.

2. PEACEMAKERS WILL BE STATIONED IN EVERY COUNTRY.

3. PEACEMAKERS WILL WEAR UNIFORMS AND CARRY GUNS.

4. PEACEMAKERS WILL WATCH FOR GENOCIDAL TENDENCIES.

5. PEACEMAKERS WILL IMPRISON ANYONE WHO VIOLATES THE PEACE.

6. PEACEMAKERS WILL WORK INDEPENDENTLY RATHER THAN UNDER ORDERS.

7. PEACEMAKERS WILL GIVE AID WHEN NATURAL DISASTERS STRIKE.

8. PEACEMAKERS WILL BE MORE HONORED THAN NATIONAL MILITARY FORCES.

9. PEACEMAKERS WILL BE SUPPORTED BY PEACE-LOVING PEOPLE EVERYWHERE.

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-PES-M.html




WORLD WITHOUT WAR   

    Minnesota and North Dakota share a border
several hundred miles long.
It consists of a section of the Red River of the North,
which flows northward into Manitoba, Canada,
and finally into Hudson Bay, part of the Artic Ocean.
 
There has never been a war over this border.
How many other borders on the Earth
have never seen war?
   

    The reason that Minnesota and North Dakota
have never gone to war over any dispute
is that this is one of the most civilized parts of the world.
We have non-violent means of settling all disputes.
If there were ever a difference over any issue,
such as different rates of sales taxes or property taxes
on the two sides of the Red River,
then these are settled by discussion.
And if cooperation does not resolve the disputes,
the Federal courts are available to help decide
any issue between these two states.

 
    Another reason that Minnesota and North Dakota
have never gone to war
is that they do not have any standing military forces.
Both states have elements of the National Guard,
which are parts of the larger United States military forces,
which are sometimes called upon to take part in military actions overseas.
But it is unthinkable that the National Guard of North Dakota
would ever fight the National Guard of Minnesota.
Anyone who tried to start such a fight
would be removed from office immediately as insane.

 
    It might take several decades or even as much as a century,
but there is no logical reason why the rest of the world
cannot be made as peaceful and immune to war
as we are in the the north central United States.

 
    What are the most obvious first steps toward a civilized, war-free world? 

I. A World Police Force to Replace all National Military Forces. 

II. A World Court with all the Powers Necessary to Enforce its Rulings. 

III. Several Years of Peace
in which the New World Police and World Court
Show that they Can Do the Work
Formerly Performed by National Military Forces. 


IV. Disarmament of all National Military Forces,
Phased-in Over Many Years.

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-WWWar.html




WORLD PEACE FORCE100 YEARS FOR TRANSITION

    This cyber-sermon will explore the various problems
that must be overcome before a world peace force
will be fully in charge of the peace of the planet Earth.

    When we speak of such a long period of transition,
it is an acknowledgement that no particular generation of humans
will be in charge of the ultimate outcome.

    But we also know that even such a long journey
will never be completed unless it begins sometime.

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-WPF-C.html




STRUCTURE AND FUNDING OF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE

SYNOPSIS:

    In part to allay fears that the World Peace Force might try to take over the world,
the structure and funding of the WPF will be such that no such distortions will be possible.

OUTLINE:

1.  THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS WILL BE PERSONS OF UNQUESTIONABLE COMMITMENT TO PEACE

2.  FUNDING WITHOUT TAXATION

3.  A PLANET AT PEACE WILL BE MUCH CHEAPER TO POLICE

4.  A CHANGE OF CONSCIOUSNESS

    Read more about how the World Peace Force would be organized here:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-BOARD.html




COULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE GO BAD?

SYNOPSIS:


    Whenever the weapons of war are put into the hands of any group of human beings,
there is a risk that those weapons will be turned to evil purposes.
What safeguards would prevent the World Peace Force from being misused?

    Perhaps the same checks and balances that prevent the misuse of the U.S. military forces
could be used to keep the World Peace Force devoted to peace on Earth.
Or could we create even better systems of control,
so that the World Peace Force would never be misused?

OUTLINE:  

1.  HISTORY SHOWS THAT ARMED FORCES CAN BE MISUSED.

2.  SAFEGUARDS BUILT INTO THE WORLD PEACE FORCE
     TO PREVENT MISUSE OF THE ARMED FORCES.

    A.  SELECT ONLY THE MOST PEACE-LOVING OFFICERS FOR THE WORLD PEACE FORCE. 

    B.  REMOVE OFFICERS WHO ARE NOT COMMITTED TO PEACE. 

    C.  DEFUND A WORLD 'PEACE' FORCE THAT FAILS TO KEEP THE PEACE.

    D.  DISBAND ONE WORLD 'PEACE' FORCE AND CREATE ANOTHER.

3.  THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD BE EVEN MORE SECURE THAN THE U.S. MILITARY FORCES.

    Read the complete explanation here:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-BAD.html





THE MEANING OF COMPLETE WORLD DISARMAMENT

OUTLINE:

AVOID PREMATURE DISARMAMENT

ELIMINATE ALL NATIONAL WEAPONS OF WAR

NO STANDING MILITARY FORCES

REPLACING THE WARRIOR CULTURE OF EACH NATION


    Never before in all of human history
has there ever been a time when human beings did not possess weapons.
Weapons of war were sometimes used to capture new lands and people.
But in recent history, the weapons of war
were always said to exist in order to defend the natiion.
In the history of the USA, this 'change' of purpose
was even reflected in the name of the department
that controlled the weapons of war.
It was originally known as the War Department;
now it is called the Department of Defense.

    Complete disarmament means that there will longer be any national military forces.
This will be possible only after a World Peace Force has emerged
and probably has about 1,000,000 men and women employed full-time
to maintain peace everywhere on planet Earth.

    The United States of American has been acting as the de facto world policeman.
We have 700 military bases outside of the borders of the USA.
(And, of course, we have even more soldiers stationed within the USA.)
And we have the capacity to extend our military might anywhere we please.
We have not always respected the borders of other nations,
when it seemed to us that they were not handling matters very well.
For example, if they were not controlling terrorists,
we have not hesitated to take over their countries
in order to do the job better.
Afghanistan would be the prime, recent example of this.

    To see this complete essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-COMP.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

DISARM THE PLANET EARTH
ONE NATION AT A TIME

SYNOPSIS:

    Warfare has been a fact of life on the planet Earth
ever since tribes of human beings were able to identify themselves
and define other groups as their enemies.

    Once nation-states emerged, they often found themselves at war with one another.
But warfare is not the inevitable fate of the human race.
It should be possible to settle disputes between groups of people
without resorting to violence.
The United States of America offers a long-lasting example of
several states that have been able to live at peace with one another for 150 years.
The 50 states of the USA do not commit war against one another
because they have courts of law that settle all disputes as they arise.

    The whole planet could follow this pattern:
Instead of going to war as a way of settling disputes,
the parties could submit each dispute to neutral judges,
who would give equal time to each side of the dispute
and then create a ruling that might not be liked by either
but which would be a just settlement of their differences.

    As courts of law emerge for setting international disputes,
the need for national military forces diminishes.
And eventually, as our planet becomes more completely civilized,
there will be no need for national military forces at all. 

    The change to a disarmed world will take place one nation at a time,
beginning with those nations that have misused their military forces most obviously.

OUTLINE:


1.  THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WILL REPLACE ALL NATIONAL MILITARY FORCES.

2.  NATIONS OF THE EARTH THAT ARE ALREADY DISARMED.

3.  HOW THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD DISARM RELUCTANT NATIONS.

4.  OTHER NATIONS WILL FORESEE WHAT WILL HAPPEN TO THEM.

5.  SOME FORMER SOLDIERS WHO WORKED FOR NATIONAL GOVERNMENTS
WILL BE ABLE TO TAKE UP A NEW MILITARY CAREER WITH THE WORLD PEACE FORCE.

6.  LARGE NATIONS SUCH AS THE USA WILL BE THE LAST TO DISARM. 

7.  PEACE ON EARTH AT LAST.

    You can read this complete essay here:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-DISARM.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

Eliminate all Weapons of Mass Death

SYNOPSIS:

    Weapons of mass death are any means of killing human beings
that kill more than one person each time someone decides to kill.
Civilizing the planet Earth will begin first with the elimination
of the most obvious weapons of mass death
all nuclear bombs and missiles.

    Nuclear disarmament might be the easiest to achieve first
since the atomic bomb and the hydrogen bomb
have no role in making our planet peaceful.

    The next steps would be achieved as the World Peace Force expands
and creates a meaningful presence everywhere on Earth.
With the assurance of good enforcement of the ban on weapons of mass death,
peace-loving people everywhere on Earth
will cooperate to eliminate weapons of mass death.

OUTLINE:

1. WHEN THE WORLD PEACE FORCE IS JUST COMING INTO BEING,
NUCLEAR WEAPONS WILL BE THE FIRST TO BE ELIMINATED.

2. WHEN THE WORLD PEACE FORCE IS HALF ITS FINAL SIZE,
OTHER KINDS OF WEAPONS OF MASS DEATH CAN BE ELIMINATED.

3. WHEN THE WORLD PEACE FORCE IS FULL SIZE,
ALL WEAPONS OF MASS DEATH WILL BE DESTROYED.

4. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA WILL ALSO BE DISARMED.

5. THE EARTH WILL BE AT PEACE WHEN ALL WEAPONS OF MASS DEATH ARE ELIMINATED.

6. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WILL BRING A CHANGE OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-WEAP.html





WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

End all Military Dictatorships


SYNOPSIS:

    The simple fact that the planet Earth would no longer have any national military forces
means that all countries previously governed by the force of arms
used to keep the people in line and the leader in power
would be forced to create some new forms of government.

    In the various phases of emergence,
the World Peace Force would have different impacts on the facts on the ground.

OUTLINE:

1. MARKS OF MILITARY DICTATORSHIP.

2. DEALING WITH MILITARY DICTATORS BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE.

3. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE IN THE PROCESS OF DISARMAMENT.

4. NEW FORMS OF NATIONAL ORDER AFTER THE LOSS OF MILITARY FORCES.

5. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WILL BE NEEDED TO MAINTAIN PEACE FOREVER

If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-M-DIC.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

Separate the Arabs and Jews in Palestine


OUTLINE:

1.  BACKGROUND HISTORICAL FACTS

2.  NEEDED: A THOUSAND-YEAR SOLUTION FOR PALESTINE

3.  IF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WERE FULLY ESTABLISHED

4.  IN THE EMERGENT YEARS

5.  FINAL SETTLEMENT OF LAND CLAIMS

6.  NOW BACK TO THE REALITIES OF 2009

    If you would like to read this essay,
go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-PALES.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

Disarm the Warring Factions of Iraq


{ORIGINALCOMBERSOMETITLE:}

HOW A WORLD PEACE FORCE

WOULD HANDLE SITUATIONS LIKE IRAQ

BETTER THAN THE UNITED STATES AS POLICEMAN


SYNOPSIS:

    Now
in March 2003we are at war.
This war is being committed by one nation
that sees itself as policeman of the world.
Will that nation attempt similar actions in other countries?

    If there were a functioning World Court and World Peace Force,
then the problem of countries possibly possessing illegal weapons of mass death
would be settled by a rational examination of objective, verifiable facts
rather than by suspicions, denials, claims, & counter-claims.

    Ideal methods for eliminating weapons of mass death do not yet exist.
But we can avoid warfare committed by one nation on another
by making use of the limited methods that we do have.
Slow, methodical disarmament of nations like Iraq
by means of day-by-day inspections
is better than massive bombing and military occupation.
We can achieve the same end
disarmament
without killing thousands of human persons.

OUTLINE:

I. A WORLD PEACE FORCE
WOULD BE NEUTRAL AND NON-PARTISAN.

II. A WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD BE DIRECTED
BY A NEUTRAL COURT OF WORLD LAW.

III. CITIZENS OF ALL COUNTRIES WOULD SUPPORT
THE WORLD COURT AND THE WORLD PEACE FORCE.

IV. SINCE WE HAVE NO FUNCTIONING WORLD COURT
OR WORLD PEACE FORCE,
WHAT IS OUR BEST APPROXIMATION FOR NOW?


V. UPDATE: NO WEAPONS OF MASS DEATH
DISCOVERED AS OF JUNE 2003.

VI. FURTHER UPDATE, NOVEMBER 2005:
WHAT WAS THE REAL REASON FOR THE WAR ON IRAQ?

    To read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-PEACE.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

When National Governments Collapse


OUTLINE:

1. WHEN CENTRAL GOVERNMENTS FAIL

2. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD ALREADY BE THERE WHEN A NATION COLLAPSES

3. AFTER THE END OF CIVIL STRIFE

4. SUB-DIVIDE THE FAILED NATION-STATE

5. WORLD COURT MIGHT HAVE TO ESTABLISH THE NEW BORDERS

6. EXAMPLE: AFGHANISTAN

7. EXAMPLE: IRAQ

8. OTHER FAILED STATES

9. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD BE GOVERNED BY REASON, NOT TRIBALISM

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-P-COL.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

Disarm All Side in Afghanistan


SYNOPSIS:

    If the World Peace Force existed at any level of strength,
its basic response to the chaos in Afghanistan
would be to disarm all of the warring factions as much as possible
and then allow whatever political process might emerge.

    This would be in stark contrast to what the United States of America
in trying to do in the first decades of the 21st century.
The United States is attempting to establish a Western-looking democracy in Kabul.
But this externally-supported government has little popular support
and its has little real control over the countryside outside of Kabul.

OUTLINE:

1. AFGHANISTAN IS NOT A GOOD CANDIDATE
FOR BECOMING A UNIFIED NATION-STATE.

2. WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO
WITH A DISORGANIZED AREA RUN BY CRIMINAL WARLORDS?


3. THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD
ROOT OUT TERRORIST TRAINING CAMPS.

4. PRISONS TO CONTROL AND REHABILITATE FORMER TERRORISTS.

5. HOW THE PROPOSED ACTIVITIES OF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE
DIFFER FROM THE PRESENT BEHAVIOR OF THE US MILITARY FORCES.

6. SUMMARY: THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD BRING PEACE.

  If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-AFGH.html




WHAT WOULD THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DO?

Disarm All Fighters in Syria

SYNOPSIS:
 

    One hundred years from now Syria will be a peaceful nation.
But the specific historical pathway between here and there is unknown.
If the World Peace Force were operating,
then Syria would probably be the next nation to be disarmed
because of the misuse of the armed forces against
Syrians who oppose the current government.

    Imagining how Syria would become peaceful by the 22nd century
will enable us to see how the same principles could work in other small countries.

OUTLINE:

1.  JUDICIAL DETERMINATION OF THE FACTS ON THE GROUND.

2.  HUNDREDS OF THOUSANDS MORE OFFICERS
      OF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE WOULD GO TO SYRIA.

3.  ONCE THE NATION IS COMPLETELY DISARMED,
      A NEW POLITICAL ORDER WOULD EMERGE.

4.  BECAUSE THE WORLD PEACE FORCE DOES NOT YET EXIST,
     OTHER METHODS OF PACIFYING SYRIA WILL HAVE TO BE TRIED.

5.  COOPERATING NATIONS WILL FORM A UNITED ARMY FOR DISARMAMENT.

6.  PERMANENT PEACE WOULD BE ENFORCED BY ARABIC-SPEAKING PEACE-KEEPERS.

7.  THE PEOPLE OF SYRIA WILL CREATE THEIR OWN NEW GOVERNMENT.

8.  CONCLUSION: SYRIA, A NATION AT PEACE.

    If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-SYRIA.html




RELIGIOUS PRISONS
TO REHABILITATE ISLAMIC TERRORISTS


SYNOPSIS:


    The planet Earth is now suffering a plague of 'Islamic' terrorism.
They use random killings (and sometimes suicide) as their main method of operation.
And the world has used the violent methods of warfare against them:
We kill those who want to kill us.
But sometimes, we capture 'terrorists' alive.
What should we do with captured members of murder-suicide cults?
Would it be possible to rehabilitate them using Islamic Religious Prisons?

OUTLINE:

1.  MILITARY METHODS HAVE NOT WORKED.

2.  THE 'TERRORISTS' ARE MOTIVATED BY RELIGIOUS BELIEFS,
COUPLED WITH TRIBALISM.

3.  RELIGIOUS PRISONS MIGHT BE THE ANSWER.

4.  RELIGIOUS PRISONS IN ISLAMIC COUNTRIES.

5.  RELIGIOUS PRISONS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

6.  THE THREE PURPOSES OF PRISON.

   
(A) PUNISHMENT

   
(B) REHABILITATION

   
(C) PROTECTION OF THE PUBLIC

7.  CULTURES AND SUB-CULTURES OF VIOLENT 'MUSLIMS'.

8.  RESULTS WILL TELL WHICH PRISONS WORK BEST.

9.  CONCLUSION: THOUSANDS OF VIOLENT 'MUSLIMS' NEED REHABILITATION.

  If you would like to read this essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-PRIS.html




ENLIGHTENED PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES
COULD USE THE U.S. MILITARY FORCES
AS AN INTERIM WORLD PEACE FORCE


SYNOPSIS:

    Given the fact that the United States of America has the strongest military forces on Earth,
it should be possible for the commander-in-chief of these forces
to stop using the US Army, Navy, & Air Force to enforce US foreign policy
and to use these troops instead to enforce universal principles of peace and justice.

    If it becomes obvious to all observers that a world peace force can work,
then this role can be gradually handed over to an actual World Peace Force,
which would be independent of the national interests of the USA.

OUTLINE: 

1. SEVERAL U.S. PRESIDENTS COULD USE FORCE FOR PEACE.

2. UNIVERSAL PRINCIPLES OF PEACE AND JUSTICE.

3. WORLD PEACE DOES NOT REQUIRE WORLD GOVERNMENT.

4. THE AMERICAN WAR IN VIETNAM AS AN EXAMPLE:
INSTEAD OF FIGHTING COMMUNISM, WE COULD HAVE PURSUED PEACE.

5. EVEN BEFORE THE EMERGENCE OF THE WORLD PEACE FORCE,
THE U.S. MILITARY COULD BE USED IN A NON-PARTISAN WAY
TO DISARM ALL WHO CONTINUES TO FIGHT.

6. CANADIAN PEACE FORCES MIGHT BE A PARADIGM.

7. COULD U.S. PRESIDENTS PURSUE BOTH AMERICAN INTERESTS AND WORLD PEACE?

8. U.S. PRESIDENTS COULD BECOME LEADERS FOR WORLD PEACE.

    To read this complete essay, go to:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/CY-PRES.html



Created 11-22-2008; Revised 12-3-2008; 1-8-2009; 1-15-2009; 1-16-2009; 4-16-2009; 7-29-2009; 12-14-2009; 12-15-2009;
3-20-2011; 3-25-2011; 6-18-2011; 8-12-2011; 8-13-2011; 8-14-2011; 6-3-2012; 8-3-2012; 9-23-2013; 3-10-2015;



All of the Internet essays listed above have now become chapters of a book:
World Peace Force: Disarming the Planet Earth.


A new Facebook Group is just assembling,
which will discuss this book in an organized way
once the first 100 readers have joined this FB Group:
Peace on Earth:
Establish a World Peace Force,
Then Disarm all Nations
http://www.facebook.com/home.php#!/groups/199878276819122/?fref=ts

Here is a complete description of this free book-club:
https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-website-jamesleonardpark---freelibrary-3puxk/ED-WPF.html



Go to the beginning of this website
James Leonard Park—Free Library