The following paragraphs
come from the chapter on death in
Our
Existential Predicament:
Loneliness,
Depression, Anxiety, & Death.
This chapter is called
"An
Existential Understanding of Death:
A
Phenomenology of Ontological Anxiety".
This section on Authenticity is 7 pages long.
The following quote is the first one-and-a-half
pages of that section.
From pages 226 and 227 of Our
Existential
Predicament:
VI. ONTOLOGICAL ANXIETY AS THE IMPETUS FOR AUTHENTICITY
A. Conformity, Inauthenticity, Lostness.
We were born into
a world of quiet conformity.
Initially everything we do and say and think
and believe
have been done and said and thought and believed
before.
The activities we regard as worthy of our
time and effort (learning, work, play),
the ultimate values and meanings we pursue
(achievement, love, children),
and the particular styles and forms thru
which we pursue these goals
have all been provided by our various human
cultures.
How different our lives are from the lives
of ancient 'cavemen'!
Unless we find ways
to wrest control of our own lives from society,
all of our decisions will continue to be
made for us
by the unnoticed forces of the cultures in
which we live.
We may not be told which spouse
to 'choose' or
which job to take,
but how free are we to reject both marriage
and work as basic
styles of life?
How have we been carried along so successfully
by culture without noticing it?
'They' even hide the process by which 'they' have quietly relieved us
of the 'burden' of making choices for ourselves.
It remains a complete mystery who has really done the choosing.
We are carried along by the 'nobody', without making any real choices,
becoming ever more deeply ensnared in inauthenticity.
This process can be reversed only if we explicitly
bring ourselves back from our lostness in the 'they'.
But this bringing-back must have that kind of being
by the neglect of which we have lost ourselves in inauthenticity.
[Martin Heidegger Being & Time, Macquarrie p. 312-313; Stambaugh p. 248; paraphrase]
How can we bring ourselves back from our lostness
in conformity?
What have we neglected, which has allowed our
culture to absorb us?
How can we re-possess our lives, wrench ourselves
away from the 'they'?
B. Who Am I?
But if we notice
our conformity, inauthenticity, & lostness,
perhaps we have the possibility of emerging
from our cultural cocoon
and creating lives that we clearly own.
Initially we are creatures of our genetic
make-up and cultural conditioning.
And if we do not notice our
conformity
and find ways to retrieve
our beings,
we will remain in our culturally-given, inauthentic
selves all our lives.
However, in addition
to being products of human culture,
we are also our powerful
and pervasive
internal threat-to-being.
On this foundation, we can begin to construct
our Authentic Existence.
C. How Do We Become More Authentic?
What can reverse
the process of sinking deeper and deeper into the 'they'?
How can we extract ourselves from our conformity,
rise above our enculturation?
How is it possible to become more whole,
centered, & integrated
in a world that prevents precisely these
qualities from emerging?
Beginning as conformists whose 'decisions'
have already been made by culture,
how can we become more free, unified, &
focused?
Our Existential Predicament—perceived,
perhaps, as ontological anxiety—
is the rope by which we can climb out of
the pit of inauthenticity;
it is the handle by which we can grip our
own beings.
First we must acknowledge
our ontological anxiety.
This includes peeling away the protective
evasions we have so cleverly woven
to protect ourselves from the deepest truth
of our being.
Once we have revived
our ontological anxiety, we must keep it alive,
not allow it to die away into comfortable
obscurity once again.
Instead of letting our being-towards-death
fade back
into the diversionary small-talk of the 'they',
we must focus our lives around this 'threat'.
Then our ontological anxiety can become the
light of our being
—purifying, refining, & integrating
our otherwise diffuse, preoccupied, & fragmented
existence.
In the light (or in the shadow) of this constant
internal threat-to-being,
we are empowered to choose our Authentic
projects-of-being
—those basic endeavors that correlate best
with our ontological anxiety.
Returning to this deepest
truth of our being
can bring us back to ourselves.
If you would like to read
this whole chapter
(also published as a separate book),
you have several options:
Two different editions of the book:
An
Existential Understanding of Death:
A
Phenomenology of Ontological Anxiety.
The fifth edition of the larger book in which
this chapter appears:
Our
Existential Predicament:
Loneliness,
Depression, Anxiety, & Death.
If you wish to quote from the paragraphs above,
they come from the fifth edition, 2006.
Section C begins at the top of page 227.
The following is the best way to cite this whole passage:
James Park Our Existential
Predicament: Loneliness,
Depression, Anxiety, & Death
(Minneapolis, MN: Existential Books:www.existentialbooks.com,
5th edition—2006,
p. 226-227)
Another book by James Park
also has a whole chapter
on Heidegger's version of Authentic Existence.
The book is Becoming
More Authentic:
The
Positive Side of Existentialism.
Chapter 17 is "Martin
Heidegger:
Confronting
Existential Guilt and Death",
pages 70-78.
Go to the Authenticity
Bibliography.
If you would like to read a short essay on Authenticity, consider:
Becoming
More
Authentic: The Positive Side of Existentialism.
Go to
the beginning of this website
James
Leonard Park—Free
Library