Injured in a car accident? emergency chiropractor in newnan ga . Get immediate care NOW.
Time is critical after an auto accident in Coweta County. Every hour you wait increases your risk of chronic pain and permanent complications.
Dr. Traci Autera at Arrowhead Clinic provides same-day emergency chiropractic care for accident victims in Newnan.
No appointment needed. Walk-ins welcome. Treatment starts immediately.
Don't wait. Act now to protect your health and legal rights.
newnan auto accident chiropractor .Call 911 if anyone shows signs of serious injury or emergency conditions. Spinal cord injury symptoms include numbness, tingling, or inability to move. Head trauma may cause confusion, vomiting, or loss of consciousness. Emergency department evaluation becomes essential for severe symptoms.
Document everything immediately while details remain fresh. Accident scene photos capture vehicle damage and road conditions. Insurance information exchange protects your financial interests. Police reports provide official documentation for claims.
Seek immediate medical attention even if you feel fine initially. Adrenaline masks pain symptoms for hours after car accidents. Delayed onset muscle soreness appears 24-72 hours later. Hidden injuries including whiplash, spinal disc herniation, and nerve damage require immediate evaluation.
✓ Ensure immediate safety - Move to safe location if possible
✓ Call emergency services - Police and medical as needed
✓ Document everything - Photos, information, witness contacts
✓ Seek medical care - Within 2 hours for emergency evaluation
✓ Contact insurance - Report accident immediately
✓ Call Arrowhead Clinic - 770-692-1041 for same-day treatment
Remember: Insurance companies use treatment delays against you. Immediate care protects both your health and legal position.
When accident strikes, every minute counts.
Walk-in appointments available Monday through Friday, 9 AM to 7 PM. No scheduling delays. No waiting weeks for routine appointments. Emergency auto accident cases receive immediate priority. Same-day treatment begins within hours of your accident.
Comprehensive evaluation starts immediately upon arrival. Physical examination identifies visible and hidden injuries. Medical history review reveals pre-existing conditions affecting treatment. Pain assessment guides immediate intervention priorities.
Immediate treatment reduces inflammation and prevents complications. Spinal adjustment restores proper alignment disrupted by impact forces. Muscle spasm relief through gentle manipulation and electrical stimulation. Emergency pain management without dangerous medications.
0-2 Hours Post-Accident:
2-24 Hours Post-Accident:
24-72 Hours Post-Accident:
Know the difference. Your life may depend on it.
Severe neck pain with numbness - Indicates potential spinal cord injury
Loss of consciousness - Suggests head trauma requiring immediate evaluation
Difficulty breathing - May indicate internal injuries or chest trauma
Severe back pain with leg weakness - Possible spinal damage
Confusion or disorientation - Sign of concussion or brain injury
Uncontrolled bleeding - Requires immediate medical intervention
Suspected fractures - Ankle, knee, wrist, or other bone injuries
Moderate neck pain and headache - Classic whiplash symptoms
Lower back pain and stiffness - Common musculoskeletal injury
Shoulder and arm discomfort - Muscle strain from impact
General soreness and tension - Soft tissue inflammation
Mild sciatica symptoms - Nerve irritation from spinal misalignment
Jaw pain or temporomandibular joint syndrome - Impact-related dysfunction
Any pain that interferes with normal activities
When in doubt, seek immediate evaluation. Hidden injuries can become life-threatening without proper treatment.
The first 72 hours determine your recovery outcome and legal protection.
Tissue damage progresses rapidly without intervention. Inflammation increases exponentially in untreated injuries. Scar tissue formation begins within hours of trauma. Nerve compression worsens as swelling increases around injured structures.
Legal protection requires immediate medical documentation. Insurance companies deny claims for delayed treatment. Personal injury cases depend on establishing immediate accident-injury connection. Medical records must show treatment within 72 hours.
Chronic condition prevention starts with immediate care. Acute injuries become chronic pain without proper treatment. Spinal misalignments create compensatory problems throughout your body. Muscle spasm patterns become permanent without early intervention.
0-6 Hours: Adrenaline masks pain; inflammation begins internally
6-12 Hours: Muscle stiffness appears; swelling becomes noticeable
12-24 Hours: Pain intensifies; range of motion decreases significantly
24-48 Hours: Delayed onset muscle soreness peaks; headache patterns emerge
48-72 Hours: Chronic patterns establish; treatment becomes more complex
Don't become a statistic. 40% of accident victims develop chronic pain without immediate treatment.
Professional assessment begins the moment you walk through our doors.
Triage process prioritizes urgent cases immediately. Emergency auto accident victims receive priority scheduling. Pain levels assessed using standardized scales. Immediate needs addressed before comprehensive evaluation begins.
Detailed history captures accident specifics and symptom development. Mechanism of injury analysis predicts likely damage patterns. Pre-existing conditions identified to avoid treatment complications. Current medications reviewed for interaction potential.
Physical examination follows systematic protocols proven in emergency care. Postural analysis reveals compensation patterns and misalignments. Range of motion testing quantifies functional limitations. Muscle strength assessment identifies nerve involvement.
Professional assessment begins the moment you walk through our doors.
Triage process prioritizes urgent cases immediately.
Emergency auto accident victims receive priority scheduling. Pain levels assessed using standardized scales. Immediate needs addressed before comprehensive evaluation begins.
Detailed history captures accident specifics and symptom development. Mechanism of injury analysis predicts likely damage patterns. Pre-existing conditions identified to avoid treatment complications. Current medications reviewed for interaction potential.
Physical examination follows systematic protocols proven in emergency care. Postural analysis reveals compensation patterns and misalignments. Range of motion testing quantifies functional limitations. Muscle strength assessment identifies nerve involvement.
Orthopedic examination identifies joint and bone problems. Neurological testing evaluates nerve function and spinal cord integrity. Palpation techniques locate areas of muscle spasm and inflammation. Reflex testing assesses nervous system function.
Imaging coordination when necessary for severe cases. X-ray analysis rules out fractures and spinal instability. MRI referrals for suspected spinal disc herniation. CT scan coordination for complex trauma cases.
Emergency care protocols address urgent needs while planning comprehensive recovery.
Spinal adjustment techniques selected based on injury severity and patient tolerance. Gentle manipulation for acute cases with significant inflammation. Activator methods provide precise correction without forceful manipulation. Cox Flexion/Distraction for suspected disc problems.
Soft tissue therapy addresses muscle spasm and tension immediately. Myofascial release techniques target restricted fascia and muscle groups. Trigger point therapy eliminates pain referral patterns. Massage reduces muscle guarding and promotes circulation.
Pain management without dangerous prescription drugs. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation blocks pain signals naturally. Ice therapy controls inflammation during acute phases. Heat therapy when appropriate for muscle relaxation.
Spinal decompression for immediate disc pressure relief. Ultrasound therapy promotes deep tissue healing. Cold laser treatment accelerates cellular repair processes. Electrical muscle stimulation reduces spasm and inflammation.
Emergency exercise protocols prevent stiffness and maintain function. Gentle stretching maintains range of motion within pain-free limits. Breathing exercises manage pain and reduce anxiety. Posture correction prevents compensatory problems.
Time-sensitive legal and financial protection requires immediate action.
Document everything before memory fades or details become unclear. Insurance notification must occur within policy time limits. Medical documentation begins with your first treatment visit. Legal consultation protects your rights from day one.
Personal injury protection coverage typically includes immediate chiropractic care. Medical payment benefits cover emergency treatment regardless of fault. Auto insurance requirements vary by state and policy type. Health insurance may provide secondary coverage.
Attorney consultation within 24 hours protects your legal position. Insurance companies begin damage control immediately after accidents. Recorded statements can be used against you later. Legal representation ensures fair treatment and maximum compensation.
24 Hours: Insurance company notification required
72 Hours: Medical treatment must begin for claim protection
7 Days: Detailed accident report filing deadline
30 Days: Personal injury claim initiation window
2 Years: Georgia statute of limitations for personal injury lawsuits
Don't wait. Legal rights expire quickly without proper action.
Recognize dangerous symptoms that require immediate emergency department evaluation.
Progressive neck pain with arm numbness indicates cervical nerve compression. Severe headache with nausea suggests concussion or intracranial pressure. Back pain with bowel or bladder changes requires immediate surgery evaluation.
Breathing difficulties may indicate chest or lung injuries. Abdominal pain after impact suggests internal organ damage. Vision changes or dizziness could indicate brain injury. Severe anxiety or panic may indicate shock or trauma response.
Worsening symptoms despite treatment require immediate reassessment. New symptoms developing hours after accident need urgent evaluation. Numbness or tingling spreading to new areas suggests nerve damage progression.
Sudden neurological changes during treatment
Severe pain increase during examination
Loss of consciousness or confusion
Breathing difficulties or chest pain
Signs of internal bleeding or shock
Emergency protocols ensure immediate transfer to appropriate facilities when needed.
Experience matters in emergency auto accident treatment.
Dr. Traci Autera has treated thousands of accident victims over 25+ years.
Emergency protocols developed through decades of acute care experience. Board certification ensures competency in urgent care situations. Continuing education maintains current emergency care standards.
Same-day availability eliminates dangerous treatment delays.
Walk-in acceptance accommodates urgent needs without appointment scheduling. Extended hours provide access when accidents occur outside normal business times. Weekend referral protocols ensure continuous care access.
Comprehensive emergency equipment handles acute care needs immediately. Digital X-ray capability provides immediate imaging when needed.
Emergency pharmaceutical supplies for severe pain and inflammation. Advanced therapy equipment for immediate treatment implementation.
260+ verified reviews demonstrate consistent emergency care excellence
48+ years combined experience in urgent accident care
Zero upfront costs through personal injury attorney partnerships
Immediate treatment without insurance pre-authorization delays
24/7 emergency consultation for severe cases
Direct emergency department relationships for seamless referrals
Your immediate action determines your recovery outcome.
Move to safety if vehicles are driveable
Turn on hazard lights to alert other drivers
Check for injuries in all passengers
Call 911 if anyone shows serious emergency symptoms
Take photos of vehicle damage from all angles
Document accident scene including road conditions
Exchange insurance and contact information
Get witness contact information if available
Call Arrowhead Clinic at 770-692-1041 for same-day appointment
Go to emergency department if severe symptoms present
Document all symptoms even if they seem minor
Begin treatment immediately to prevent complications
Contact your insurance company to report accident
Consult personal injury attorney for legal protection
Avoid recorded statements without legal representation
Save all medical documentation for legal and insurance purposes
Don't become another chronic pain statistic. Call 770-692-1041 NOW for immediate same-day emergency care.
When minutes matter, call immediately.
Arrowhead Clinic Chiropractor Newnan
Address: 39-B Oak Hill Court, Newnan, GA 30265
Walk-In Hours: Monday-Friday, 9 AM - 7 PM
Emergency After Hours: Leave message for priority callback
For life-threatening emergencies: CALL 911
For urgent care questions: Contact Dr. Autera immediately
Your health is our emergency. Your recovery is our priority. Your future depends on immediate action.
Don't wait. Don't hesitate. Don't risk permanent damage.
CALL NOW: 770-692-1041
Newnan, Georgia
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City
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![]() Coweta County Courthouse
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Motto:
City of Homes
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![]() Location in Coweta County and the state of Georgia
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![]() ![]() Newnan
Location of Newnan in Metro Atlanta
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Coordinates: 33°22′35″N 84°47′19″W / 33.37639°N 84.78861°W | |
Country | United States |
State | Georgia |
County | Coweta |
Incorporated (city) | December 20, 1828 |
Area
[1]
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• Total
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19.82 sq mi (51.34 km2) |
• Land | 19.48 sq mi (50.44 km2) |
• Water | 0.35 sq mi (0.90 km2) |
Elevation
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971 ft (296 m) |
Population
(2020)
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• Total
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42,549 |
• Density | 2,184.80/sq mi (843.58/km2) |
Time zone | UTC−5 (Eastern (EST)) |
• Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
ZIP Codes |
30263–30265, 30271
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Area code(s) | 770, 678 |
FIPS code | 13-55020[2] |
GNIS feature ID | 0332499[3] |
Website | newnanga |
Newnan is a city in and the county seat of Coweta County, Georgia, United States, about 40 miles (64 km) southwest of Atlanta. Its population was 42,549 at the 2020 census,[4] up from 33,039 in 2010.
Newnan was established as county seat of Coweta County (replacing the defunct town of Bullsboro) in 1828, and was named for North Carolinian General Daniel Newnan. It quickly became a prosperous magnet for lawyers, doctors, other professionals, and merchants. Much of Newnan's prosperity was due to its thriving cotton industry, which relied on slavery.
Newnan was largely untouched by the Civil War due to its status as a hospital city (for both Union and Confederate troops), and as a result still features much antebellum architecture.[5] During the Atlanta Campaign, Confederate cavalry defeated Union forces at the nearby Battle of Brown's Mill. Subsequently, architect Kennon Perry (1890–1954) designed many of the town's early 20th-century homes.
On April 23, 1899, a lynching occurred after an African-American man by the name of Sam Hose (born Tom Wilkes) was accused of killing his boss, Alfred Cranford. Hose was abducted from police custody, paraded through Newnan, tortured, and burned alive just north of town by a lynch mob of roughly 2,000 citizens of Coweta County.
Newnan was also host to the trial in 1948 of wealthy landowner John Wallace, the first White man in the South to be condemned to death by the testimony of African Americans, two field hands who were made to help with burning the body of murdered white sharecropper Wilson Turner. These events were portrayed in the novel Murder in Coweta County.
In 1968, Kmart opened a warehouse in Newnan, which slowly established it as a major hub for distribution in the area.[6] The International Brotherhood of Teamsters attempted to unionize the warehouse, but the attempt was defeated when the employees voted 329 to 201 in favor of remaining union-free.[7] In 2015, the distribution center closed with a loss of 164 jobs.[8]
In the early morning hours of March 26, 2021, Newnan was directly impacted by a violent EF4 tornado, which caused substantial structural damage and indirectly killed one person. The tornado was one of the strongest on record in Georgia since 1950, and directly impacted the historic downtown area.[9] Newnan High School was re-built after sustaining serious damage.[10]
Newnan is located in the center of Coweta County. U.S. Route 29 passes through the center of the city, leading northeast 13 miles (21 km) to Palmetto and south 7 miles (11 km) to Moreland. Interstate 85 passes through the eastern side of the city, with access from exits 41, 44, and 47. I-85 leads northeast 40 miles (64 km) to downtown Atlanta and southwest 125 miles (201 km) to Montgomery, Alabama. U.S. Route 27A leads northwest from the center of Newnan 22 miles (35 km) to Carrollton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, Newnan has a total area of 18.6 square miles (48.3 km2), of which 0.35 square miles (0.9 km2), or 1.88%, is covered by water.[11]
The climate is moderate with an average temperature of 64.3 °F (45.8° in the winter and 79.1° in the summer). The average annual rainfall is 51.84 inches.
Climate data for Newnan, Georgia | |||||||||||||
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Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 52 (11) |
58 (14) |
65 (18) |
73 (23) |
80 (27) |
86 (30) |
89 (32) |
88 (31) |
83 (28) |
73 (23) |
64 (18) |
55 (13) |
72 (22) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 31 (−1) |
33 (1) |
40 (4) |
47 (8) |
56 (13) |
64 (18) |
68 (20) |
67 (19) |
62 (17) |
49 (9) |
41 (5) |
33 (1) |
49 (10) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 5.49 (139) |
5.14 (131) |
5.95 (151) |
4.17 (106) |
4.37 (111) |
3.99 (101) |
4.66 (118) |
4.00 (102) |
3.24 (82) |
2.86 (73) |
4.18 (106) |
4.27 (108) |
52.32 (1,329) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 0.8 (2.0) |
0.5 (1.3) |
0.4 (1.0) |
0.1 (0.25) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.2 (0.51) |
2 (5.06) |
Source: The Weather Channel[12] |
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
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1860 | 2,546 | — | |
1870 | 1,917 | −24.7% | |
1880 | 2,006 | 4.6% | |
1890 | 2,859 | 42.5% | |
1900 | 3,654 | 27.8% | |
1910 | 5,548 | 51.8% | |
1920 | 7,037 | 26.8% | |
1930 | 6,386 | −9.3% | |
1940 | 7,182 | 12.5% | |
1950 | 8,218 | 14.4% | |
1960 | 12,169 | 48.1% | |
1970 | 11,205 | −7.9% | |
1980 | 11,449 | 2.2% | |
1990 | 12,497 | 9.2% | |
2000 | 16,242 | 30.0% | |
2010 | 33,039 | 103.4% | |
2020 | 42,549 | 28.8% | |
U.S. Decennial Census[13] |
Race | Number | Percent |
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White (non-Hispanic) | 21,206 | 49.84% |
Black or African American (non-Hispanic) | 13,033 | 30.63% |
Hispanic or Latino | 4,521 | 10.63% |
Asian | 1,879 | 4.42% |
Other/mixed | 1,819 | 4.28% |
Native American | 69 | 0.16% |
Pacific Islander | 22 | 0.05% |
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 42,549 people, 15,135 households, and 10,013 families residing in the city.
The city is home to one of the few Georgia counties with a museum that focuses mainly on African-American history. The Coweta County African American Heritage Museum and Research Center, or Caswell House, was opened in July 2003 in a donated mill village house once owned by Ruby Caswell. The museum sits on Farmer Street on an old, unmarked slave cemetery. It has collected hundreds of family genealogical records by interviewing residents and going through the census records.[15] The museum also houses the Coweta Census Indexes from 1870 to 1920.[16]
The first Black library in the county was the Sara Fisher Brown Library. Built in the 1950s, the library has since been converted into the Community Action For Improvement Center.[17]
The Farmer Street Cemetery is the largest slave cemetery in the South, and may be the largest undisturbed one in the nation. It is within the city limits of Newnan.
The Boots On the Ground (song) is strongly associated with the Boots On the Ground soul line dance created by Newnan native Jaterrious Trésean Little, aka Trè Little.[18]
The Coweta County School District holds preschool to grade 12, and consists of 19 elementary schools, seven middle schools, and three high schools.[19] The district has 1,164 full-time teachers and over 18,389 students.[20]
Mercer University has a regional academic center in Newnan. The center opened in 2010, and offers programs through the university's College of Continuing and Professional Studies.
The University of West Georgia has a campus located in Newnan, near downtown. This campus currently has two undergraduate programs - Bachelor of Science in nursing and early childhood education.[21]
Newnan is also home to a campus of West Georgia Technical College.[22]
College Temple, a non-sectarian women's school, operated during the period of 1854–1888.[23]
The public trolley operates between downtown and The Forum at Ashley Park.[24]
Until the mid-1950s the Central of Georgia operated two trains daily in each direction, through Newnan from Atlanta to Columbus, in its Man O' War service. The Central continued a single Man O' War train until 1971 when Amtrak took over most interstate passenger service.[26][27][28][29] Until 1970, the city was a stop on the Southern Railway's Crescent from New Orleans to New York City, via Atlanta.[30][31] Into the mid-1960s, the Southern's Crescent and Piedmont Limited made stops in both directions in Newnan.[32]
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Chiropractors use their version of spinal manipulation (known as chiropractic adjustment) as their primary treatment method, with non-chiropractic use of spinal manipulation gaining more study and attention in mainstream medicine in the 1980s.[1] There is no evidence that chiropractic spinal adjustments are effective for any medical condition, with the possible exception of treatment for lower back pain.[2] The safety of manipulation, particularly on the cervical spine, has been debated.[3] Adverse results, including strokes and deaths, are rare.[4][5]
There are about 200 plus chiropractic techniques, most of which are variations of spinal manipulation, but there is a significant amount of overlap between them, and many techniques involve slight changes of other techniques.[6]
According to the American Chiropractic Association the most frequently used techniques by chiropractors are Diversified technique 95.9%, Extremity manipulating/adjusting 95.5%, Activator Methods 62.8%, Gonstead technique 58.5%, Cox Flexion/Distraction 58.0%, Thompson 55.9%, Sacro Occipital Technique [SOT] 41.3%, Applied Kinesiology 43.2%, NIMMO/Receptor Tonus 40.0%, Cranial 37.3%, Manipulative/Adjustive Instruments 34.5%, Palmer upper cervical [HIO] 28.8%, Logan Basic 28.7%, Meric 19.9%, and Pierce-Stillwagon 17.1%.[7]
In the late 19th century in North America, therapies including osteopathy and chiropractic became popular.[8] Spinal manipulation gained mainstream recognition during the 1980s.[1]
In this system, hands are used to manipulate, massage or otherwise influence the spine and related tissues.[9] It is the most common and primary intervention used in chiropractic care.[10]
Diversified technique is a non-proprietary and eclectic approach to spinal manipulation that is commonly used by chiropractors.[11] The technique, as it is applied today, is largely attributed to the work of Joe Janse[11][12] Diversified is the most common spine manipulation technique used by chiropractors, with approximately 96% of chiropractors using it for approximately 70% of their patients.[13][14] Diversified is also the technique most preferred for use during future practice by chiropractic students.[15] Diversified is the only spine manipulation technique taught in Canadian chiropractic programs.[16] Like many chiropractic and osteopathic manipulative techniques, Diversified is characterized by a high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust.[11] It is considered the most generic chiropractic manipulative technique and is differentiated from other techniques in that its objective is to restore proper movement and alignment of spine and joint dysfunction.[11]
Atlas Orthogonal Technique is an upper cervical chiropractic treatment technique created by Frederick M. Vogel and Roy W. Sweat in 1979. It is a non-invasive technique that uses a percussion "Atlas Orthogonal instrument" in attempts to change ("adjust") the position of the atlas. Using angles measured from specific X-rays, claims are made that vertebral subluxations are found and must be corrected. It is based on the teachings of B. J. Palmer, who advocated the Hole-In-One version of spinal adjustment. It is primarily used by straight chiropractors, as it is focused on the correct alignment of the atlas to allow for minimal obstruction for the nerves channeled through the atlas and down the spinal cord.[17][18] Referring to the origins of upper cervical techniques, Dan Murphy, DC, DABCO, wrote: "Over the past 100 years, the practice of chiropractic has branched into dozens of specialty techniques. However, historically, for a third of this time, from the 1930s into the 1960s, the predominant practice of chiropractic involved primarily the upper cervical spine."[19]
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The Activator Method Chiropractic Technique (AMCT) is a chiropractic treatment method and device created by Arlan Fuhr as an alternative to manual manipulation of the spine or extremity joints. The device is categorized as a mechanical force manual assisted (MFMA) instrument, which is generally regarded as a softer chiropractic treatment technique.
The activator is a small handheld spring-loaded instrument that delivers a small impulse to the spine. It was found to give off no more than 0.3 J of kinetic energy in a 3-millisecond pulse. The aim is to produce enough force to move the vertebrae but not enough to cause injury.[20]
The AMCT involves having the patient lie in a prone position and comparing the functional leg lengths. Often one leg will seem to be shorter than the other. The chiropractor then carries out a series of muscle tests, such as having the patient move their arms in a certain position to activate the muscles attached to specific vertebrae. If the leg lengths are not the same, that is taken as a sign that the problem is located at that vertebra. The chiropractor treats problems found in this way, moving progressively along the spine in the direction from the feet towards the head.[20]
Although prone "functional leg length" is a widely used chiropractic tool, it is not a recognized anthropometric technique, since legs are often of unequal length, and measurements in the prone position are not entirely valid estimates of standing X-ray differences.[21] Measurements in the standing position are far more reliable.[22] Another confounding factor is that simply moving the two legs held together and leaning them imperceptibly to one side or the other produces different results.[23] Fuhr claims that properly trained doctors show good interexaminer reliability.[20]
In 2003, the National Board of Chiropractic Examiners found that 69.9% of chiropractors used the technique, and 23.9% of patients received it.[24] The majority of U.S. chiropractic schools and some schools in other countries teach the AMCT method, and an estimated 45,000 chiropractors worldwide use AMCT or some part of the technique.[20]
There have been many studies of AMCT, including case reports, clinical studies, and controlled trials, but there are still unanswered questions. A few low-quality studies have suggested that the activator may be as effective as manual adjustment in the treatment of back pain.[20] A single high-quality study has suggested that activator-assisted manipulation directed by leg-length testing was significantly inferior to manual spinal manipulation guided by palpation and was more similar to the use of paracetamol for the treatment of low back pain.[25]
Graston Technique (GT) is a trademarked therapeutic method for diagnosing and treating disorders of the skeletal muscles and related connective tissue. The method was started by David Graston and employs a collection of six stainless steel instruments of particular shape and size, which are used by practitioners to rub [26] patients' muscles in order to detect and resolve adhesions in the muscles and tendons.[27] Practitioners must be licensed by the parent corporation (Graston Technique, LLC.) in order to use the Graston Technique trademark or the patented instruments.[28]
Several examples of Graston treatment have been used in contact sports where scars and contusions are common.[29] However, the Graston Technique has not been rigorously scientifically tested and its evidence basis and assumptions are considered questionable at best. There are no high quality clinical trials that validate the efficacy of the Graston Techniques.[30]
Koren specific technique (KST) is a technique developed by Tedd Koren around 2004.[31][32] While the technique is associated with chiropractic techniques, Koren has variously described it as an "analysis protocol" or "healthcare protocol".[32] KST may use their hands, or they may use an electric device known as an "ArthroStim" for assessment and adjustments.[33] KST can use different postures.[31] The insurers Aetna,[33] NHS Leeds West CCG,[34] North Dakota Department of Human Services,[35] and The Ohio State University[36] cover other chiropractic techniques but exclude KST from coverage because they consider it to be "experimental and investigational."[33][34][35][36] Aetna's policy states there is a lack of efficacy regarding this method.[33]
The Gonstead technique is a chiropractic method developed by Clarence Gonstead in 1923.[37] The technique focuses on hands-on adjustment and is claimed to expand "standard diversified technique" by removing rotation from the adjusting thrust and implementing additional instrumentation including X-rays, Gonstead Radiographic Parallel, a measuring device to undertake specific biomechanical analysis of the X-ray, and the development of Nervo-Scope,[38] a device said to detect the level of neurophysiologic activity due to the existence of vertebral subluxation based on changes in skin temperature.[39] Heat detector devices are unreliable and lack scientific evidence.[39] The technique gained popularity in the 1960s.[40] About 28.9% of patients[specify] have been treated with the Gonstead technique.[41]
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Trigenics is a neurological-based manual or instrument-assisted assessment and treatment system[42] developed and patented by Allan Oolo Austin.[43] The technique is relatively infrequently used by chiropractors compared to other chiropractic techniques such as Diversified, trigger point therapy and Activator.[44]
Treatment is usually for neck or low back pain and related disorders.[45]
For acute low back pain, low quality evidence has suggested no difference between real and sham spine manipulation,[46] and moderate quality evidence has suggested no difference between spine manipulation and other commonly used treatments, such as medication and physical therapy.[46][47][48]
National guidelines vary; some recommend the therapy for those who do not improve with other treatment.[49] It may be effective for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy,[50][51] as effective as mobilization for neck pain,[52] some forms of headache,[53][54] and some extremity joint conditions.[55][56] A 2011 Cochrane review found strong evidence that suggests there is no clinically meaningful difference between spinal manipulation therapy and other treatments for reducing pain and improving function for chronic low back pain.[57] A 2008 review found that with the possible exception of lower back pain, chiropractic manipulation is not effective for any medical condition.[2][58]
The use of spinal manipulation for non-musculoskeletal conditions is controversial. It is not effective for asthma, headache, hypertension, or dysmenorrhea.[48] There is no scientific data that supports the use of spinal manipulation for idiopathic adolescent scoliosis.[59][60]
Spinal manipulation is generally regarded as a cost-effective treatment of musculoskeletal conditions when used alone or in combination with other treatment approaches.[61] Evidence supports the cost-effectiveness of using spinal manipulation for the treatment of sub-acute or chronic low back pain, whereas the results for acute low back pain were inconsistent.[62]
All treatments need a thorough medical history, diagnosis, and plan of management. Chiropractors must rule out contraindications to any treatments, including adverse events. [citation needed]
Relative contraindications, such as osteoporosis are conditions where increased risk is acceptable in some situations and where mobilization and soft-tissue techniques may be treatments of choice. Most contraindications apply to the manipulation of the affected region.[63]
While safety has been debated,[3] and serious injuries and deaths can occur and may be under-reported,[4] these are generally rare and spinal manipulation is relatively safe[46] when employed skillfully and appropriately.[5]
Adverse events are believed to be under-reported[64] and appear to be more common following high velocity/low amplitude manipulation than mobilization.[65] Mild, frequent and temporary adverse events occur in spinal manipulation which include temporary increase in pain, tenderness and stiffness.[3] These effects generally are reduced within 24–48 hours [66] Serious injuries and fatal consequences, especially from spinal manipulation in the upper cervical region, can occur,[67] but are regarded as rare when spinal manipulation is employed skillfully and appropriately.[63]
Weak to moderately strong evidence supports causation (as opposed to statistical association) between cervical manipulative therapy and vertebrobasilar artery stroke.[68] A 2012 review found that there is not enough evidence to support a strong association or no association between cervical manipulation and stroke.[69] A 2008 review found chiropractic spinal manipulation is more commonly associated with serious adverse effects than other professionals following manipulation and concluded that the risk of death from manipulations to the neck outweighs the benefits.[4]
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