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US10554459B2 — Receiver method and apparatus for variable header repetition in a wireless OFDM network with different channel bandwidths
Priority Date: 2009-08-21, Publication Date: 2020-02-04, Current Assignee: Ax Wireless LLCReport Generated: 2022-08-04

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Current Assignee
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Predictive Analytics

Composite Research Score (1-10)
6
  MODERATE
Art VolumeMEDIUM
Tech ComplexityINTRICATE
Priority DateMID
Tech DiversityNARROW
Expert Services Estimate$3,150 — $3,600
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There is where a graph would go if the browser supported it.

CPC Technology Profile

Possible Classes
1,511
Recommended Classes
378
Government Assigned Classes
6
CPC
Title
Score
H04L1/08by repeating transmission  e.g. Verdan system | (ref: H04L1/1858)|  and | (ref: H04L1/189)|  take precedence2.288
H04L27/26132using repetition2.288
H04L27/2601Multicarrier modulation systems2.288
H04L27/2602Signal structure2.021
H04L27/2692with preamble design  i.e. with negotiation of the synchronisation sequence with transmitter or sequence linked to the algorithm used at the receiver2.021
H04L1/18Automatic repetition systems  e.g. van Duuren system | | ARQ protocols1.922
H04L1/1835Buffer management1.922
H04L12/5601Transfer mode dependent  e.g. ATM1.922
H04L1/1854Scheduling and prioritising arrangements1.728
H04L1/1671the supervisory signal being transmitted together with control information1.728
H04L5/0053Allocation of signaling  i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals1.728
H04L27/2613Structure of the reference signals1.639
H04L5/0021in which codes are applied as a frequency-domain sequences  e.g. MC-CDMA1.628
H04W4/70Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]1.622
H04W28/06Optimizing | the usage of the radio link|   e.g. header compression  information sizing |   discarding information | system modifying transmission characteristic according to link quality by modifying frame length | (ref: H04L1/0007)| | dynamic adaptation of the packet size for flow control or congestion control | (ref: H04L47/365)1.622
H04W4/40for vehicles  e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]1.616
H04L27/26025Numerology  i.e. varying one or more of symbol duration  subcarrier spacing  Fourier transform size  sampling rate or down-clocking | allocating sub-channels of the transmission path | (ref: H04L5/003)1.616
H04L1/0013Rate matching  e.g. puncturing or repetition of code symbols1.609
H04L1/0057Block codes | (ref: H04L1/0061)|   | (ref: H04L1/0064)|  take precedence1.609
H04L1/1845Combining techniques  e.g. code combining1.598
H04L1/1812Hybrid protocols1.598
H03M13/6306Error control coding in combination with Automatic Repeat reQuest [ARQ] and diversity transmission  e.g. coding schemes for the multiple transmission of the same information or the transmission of incremental redundancy | (ref: H03M13/3761)|   | (ref: H03M13/3769)|  and | (ref: H03M13/635)|  take precedence1.586
H04W28/0263involving mapping traffic to individual bearers or channels  e.g. traffic flow template [TFT]1.568
H04W72/1263Schedule usage  i.e. actual mapping of traffic onto schedule| Multiplexing of flows into one or several streams| Mapping aspects| Scheduled allocation1.568
H04L5/0046Determination of how many bits are transmitted on different sub-channels1.557
H04L69/04Protocols for data compression  e.g. ROHC1.546
H04W28/065using assembly or disassembly of packets1.533
H04L1/0041Arrangements at the transmitter end1.531
H04L27/34Amplitude- and phase-modulated carrier systems  e.g. quadrature-amplitude modulated carrier systems1.531
H04J13/10Code generation1.531
H04W74/004in the uplink  i.e. towards network1.526
H04W16/18Network planning tools1.520
H04L1/1819with retransmission of additional or different redundancy1.515
H04W72/1268of uplink data flows1.515
H04L1/02by diversity reception1.510
H04L27/3405Modifications of the signal space to increase the efficiency of transmission  e.g. reduction of the bit error rate  bandwidth  or average power1.510
H04L5/0035Resource allocation in a cooperative multipoint environment1.510
H04L5/0091Signaling for the administration of the divided path1.507
H04W72/042in downlink direction of a wireless link  i.e. towards terminal1.507
H04W72/044where an allocation plan is defined based on the type of the allocated resource1.496
H04L5/005of common pilots  i.e. pilots destined for multiple users or terminals1.496
H04L5/0048Allocation of pilot signals  i.e. of signals known to the receiver1.496
H04L5/0044allocation of payload1.495
H04L1/0072Error control for data other than payload data  e.g. control data1.495
H04L69/22Parsing or analysis of headers1.495
H04L69/324in the data link layer [OSI layer 2]  e.g. HDLC1.482
H04L5/0094Indication of how sub-channels of the path are allocated1.481
H04L1/0005applied to payload information1.478
H04L27/2604Multiresolution systems | by means of multiresolution subcarriers | (ref: H04L27/183)|   | (ref: H04L27/3488)1.478
H04L12/4633Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques  e.g. tunneling1.466
H04L63/164at the network layer1.466
H04J3/0667Bidirectional timestamps  e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays | arrangements for monitoring round trip delays in packet switching networks | (ref: H04L43/0864)1.462
H04L27/2634Inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators in combination with other circuits for modulation1.460
H04L43/0829Packet loss1.459
H04L45/74Address processing for routing1.459
H04L25/0212of impulse response1.458
H04L1/0047Decoding adapted to other signal detection operation | in conjunction with sequence estimation or equalization | (ref: H04L25/03286)1.458
H04L43/0876Network utilisation  e.g. volume of load or congestion level1.457
H04L43/087Jitter1.457
H04L5/0055Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK | for physical mapping arrangements in ARQ protocols | (ref: H04L1/1861)1.456
H04W72/0446the resource being a slot  sub-slot or frame1.456
H04L5/10with dynamo-electric generation of carriers| with mechanical filters or demodulators1.455
H04W36/0072of resource information of target access point1.455
H04W72/048where an allocation plan is defined based on terminal or device properties1.455
H04W4/20Services signaling| Auxiliary data signalling  i.e. transmitting data via a non-traffic channel1.455
H04W74/0816carrier sensing with collision avoidance1.453
H04W74/0808using carrier sensing  e.g. as in CSMA1.452
H04W28/0205at the air interface | dynamic wireless traffic scheduling | (ref: H04W72/12)1.451
H04L1/1822involving configuration of ARQ with parallel processes1.448
H04W72/0413in uplink direction of a wireless link  i.e. towards network1.446
H04L27/2647Arrangements specific to the receiver only | equalisation | (ref: H04L27/01)1.446
H04L7/042Detectors therefor  e.g. correlators  state machines | digital correlators in general | (ref: G06F17/15)1.446
H04W36/08Reselecting an access point1.442
H04W36/0044of quality context information1.442
H04L63/126the source of the received data1.439
H04L63/1466Active attacks involving interception  injection  modification  spoofing of data unit addresses  e.g. hijacking  packet injection or TCP sequence number attacks1.439
H04L63/029Firewall traversal  e.g. tunnelling or  creating pinholes1.439
H04L27/265Fourier transform demodulators  e.g. fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators | (ref: H04L27/26524)|  takes precedence1.437
H04W40/02Communication route or path selection  e.g. power-based or shortest path routing1.435
H04L69/164Adaptation or special uses of UDP protocol1.434
H03M13/116Quasi-cyclic LDPC [QC-LDPC] codes  i.e. the parity-check matrix being composed of permutation or circulant sub-matrices1.433
H04L1/0071Use of interleaving | interleaving | per se|  | (ref: H03M13/27)1.433
H04L27/2607Cyclic extensions1.433
H04B7/0617for beam forming1.427
H04B7/0421utilizing implicit feedback  e.g. steered pilot signals1.427
H04W72/1242based on precedence or priority of the traffic information1.426
H04W80/02Data link layer protocols1.424
H04L1/1864ARQ related signaling | (ref: H04L1/1607)|  takes precedence1.416
H04L1/1685the supervisory signal being transmitted in response to a specific request  e.g. to a polling signal1.416
H04L1/1887Scheduling and prioritising arrangements1.416
H04L45/16Multipoint routing1.416
H04B10/114Indoor or close-range type systems1.412
H04B10/116Visible light communication1.412
H04L1/1607Details of the supervisory signal1.411
H04L1/1642Formats specially adapted for sequence numbers1.411
H04L27/04Modulator circuits| Transmitter circuits1.410
H04W52/0206in access points  e.g. base stations | access point devices | per se|  | (ref: H04W88/08)1.408
H04W52/0229where the received signal is a wanted signal1.408
H04W72/1278Transmission of control information for scheduling1.407
H04L1/1861Physical mapping arrangements | for ACK signaling | see|  also | (ref: H04L5/0053)1.404
H04W72/0453the resource being a frequency  carrier or frequency band1.404
H04W88/06adapted for operation in multiple networks | or having at least two operational modes|   e.g. multi-mode terminals1.403
H04L1/0045Arrangements at the receiver end1.403
H04L1/0061Error detection codes1.403
H04W4/44for communication between vehicles and infrastructures  e.g. vehicle-to-cloud [V2C] or vehicle-to-home [V2H]1.403
H04B7/2612Arrangements for wireless medium access control  e.g. by allocating physical layer transmission capacity | (ref: H04B7/2615)|  - | (ref: H04B7/2643)|  take precedence| provision for broadband connection | (ref: H04Q11/0478)1.400
H04L1/0017where the mode-switching is based on Quality of Service requirement1.400
H04J11/0073Acquisition of primary synchronisation channel  e.g. detection of cell-ID within cell-ID group1.399
H04W52/38TPC being performed in particular situations1.399
H04L5/0032Distributed allocation  i.e. involving a plurality of allocating devices  each making partial allocation1.399
H04W72/1289in the downlink  i.e. towards the terminal1.398
H04W72/1273of downlink data flows1.398
H04W28/10Flow control | between communication endpoints1.397
H04W36/30by measured or perceived connection quality data1.397
H04L27/361Modulation using a single or unspecified number of carriers  e.g. with separate stages of phase and amplitude modulation1.397
H04W72/1226based on channel quality criteria  e.g. channel state dependent scheduling1.393
H04W72/06where an allocation plan is defined|  based on a ranking criteria of the wireless resources1.392
H04W72/14using a grant | or specific|  channel1.392
H04W16/14Spectrum sharing arrangements | between different networks1.392
H04W72/02Selection of wireless resources by user or terminal1.392
H04L1/0004applied to control information1.391
H04W74/006in the downlink  i.e. towards the terminal1.390
H04L27/2636with FFT or DFT modulators  e.g. standard single-carrier frequency-division multiple access [SC-FDMA] transmitter or DFT spread orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [DFT-SOFDM]1.388
H04L1/0009by adapting the channel coding | (ref: H04L1/1812)|  takes precedence1.383
H04L5/0064Rate requirement of the data  e.g. scalable bandwidth  data priority1.382
H04W36/0033with transfer of context information1.380
H04W76/16Involving different core network technologies  e.g. a packet-switched [PS] bearer in combination with a circuit-switched [CS] bearer1.380
H04L5/0051of dedicated pilots  i.e. pilots destined for a single user or terminal1.378
H04L47/32by discarding or delaying data units  e.g. packets or frames1.374
H04L47/2433Allocation of priorities to traffic types1.374
H04W80/08Upper layer protocols | network arrangements or communication protocols for networked applications | (ref: H04L67/00)1.371
H04L67/141Setup of application sessions | admission control or resource allocation in data switching networks | (ref: H04L47/70)1.371
H04L1/0042Encoding specially adapted to other signal generation operation  e.g. in order to reduce transmit distortions  jitter  or to improve signal shape | (ref: H04L1/0067)|  takes precedence1.369
H04J13/0011Complementary1.369
H04L1/0039other detection of signalling  e.g. detection of TFCI explicit signalling | (ref: H04L1/0046)|   | (ref: H04L27/0012)|  and | (ref: H04L25/0262)|  take precedence1.368
H04L45/04Interdomain routing  e.g. hierarchical routing1.368
H04L45/745Address table lookup| Address filtering1.368
H04B7/0695using beam selection1.366
H04B7/0413MIMO systems1.366
H04L5/003Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path1.363
H04W48/12using downlink control channel1.363
H04L1/0075Transmission of coding parameters to receiver | (ref: H04L1/0023)|  takes precedence1.363
H04L1/0068by puncturing1.362
H04W40/20based on geographic position or location1.360
H04L25/03343Arrangements at the transmitter end1.359
H04L1/0002by adapting the transmission rate1.357
H04W72/10where an allocation plan is defined|  based on priority criteria1.355
H04W52/146Uplink power control1.352
H04W4/029Location-based management or tracking services1.351
H04W4/02Services making use of location information1.351
H04W28/0226based on location or mobility | handoff or reselection | (ref: H04W36/00)| | mobile application services making use of the location of users or terminals | (ref: H04W4/02)1.351
H04L49/602Multilayer or multiprotocol switching  e.g. IP switching1.351
H04L63/1416Event detection  e.g. attack signature detection1.349
H04L43/0805by checking availability1.349
H04L45/306Route determination based on the nature of the carried application1.349
H04L45/302Route determination based on requested QoS1.349
H04W72/12Dynamic|  Wireless traffic scheduling | | Dynamically scheduled allocation on shared channel1.348
H04J13/0003Code application  i.e. aspects relating to how codes are applied to form multiplexed channels1.347
H04L1/0064Concatenated codes1.347
D21H23/04Addition to the pulp| After-treatment of added substances in the pulp1.346
H04W8/26Network addressing or numbering for mobility support1.346
H04L61/5046Resolving address allocation conflicts| Testing of addresses | testing when self-assigning an address | (ref: H04L61/5092)1.346
H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems1.344
H04W56/001Synchronization between nodes1.343
H04W8/24Transfer of terminal data1.343
H04L5/1469using time-sharing1.342
H04W74/0833using a random access procedure1.342
H04W28/16Central resource management| Negotiation of resources or communication parameters  e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]1.342
H04L1/1825Adaptation of specific ARQ protocol parameters according to transmission conditions1.338
H04W28/04Error control1.338
H04L1/0003by switching between different modulation schemes1.338
H04L1/0082fields explicitly indicating existence of error in data being transmitted  e.g. so that downstream stations can avoid decoding erroneous packet| relays1.337
H04L1/22using redundant apparatus to increase reliability1.337
H04L7/033using the transitions of the received signal to control the phase of the synchronising-signal-generating means  e.g. using a phase-locked loop1.337
G06F13/4221being an input/output bus  e.g. ISA bus  EISA bus  PCI bus  SCSI bus1.335
G06F11/1004to protect a block of data words  e.g. CRC or checksum | (ref: G06F11/1076)|  takes precedence| security arrangements for protecting computers or computer systems against unauthorized activity | (ref: G06F21/00)1.335
H04W72/121for groups of terminals or users1.334
G01S11/026using moving transmitters1.333
H04L27/2627Modulators1.333
H04L1/0031Multiple signaling transmission | (ref: H04L1/1664)|   | (ref: F15)|  take precedence1.333
H04W72/0406involving control information exchange between nodes1.332
H04W74/008with additional processing of random access related information at receiving side1.332
H04L63/0272Virtual private networks1.331
G10L19/167Audio streaming  i.e. formatting and decoding of an encoded audio signal representation into a data stream for transmission or storage purposes1.330
H04W88/04adapted for relaying to or from another terminal or user1.330
H04W28/26Resource reservation1.330
H04L27/26136Pilot sequence conveying additional information1.330
H04L9/0869involving random numbers or seeds1.329
H04W12/037of the control plane  e.g. signalling traffic1.329
H04W72/1284in the uplink  i.e. from terminal to network1.328
H04L63/0435wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply symmetric encryption  i.e. same key used for encryption and decryption | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for symmetric key encryption | (ref: H04L9/06)1.326
H04L9/0875based on channel impulse response [CIR]1.326
H04L43/028by filtering1.326
H04L12/4641Virtual LANs  VLANs  e.g. virtual private networks [VPN] | LAN interconnection over a bridge based backbone | (ref: H04L12/462)| | encapsulation techniques | (ref: H04L12/4633)| | routing of packets | (ref: H04L45/00)| | packet switches | (ref: H04L49/00)| | virtual private networks for security | (ref: H04L63/0272)1.325
H04L45/741Routing in networks with a plurality of addressing schemes  e.g. with both IPv4 and IPv61.325
H04L12/18for broadcast or conference |   e.g. multicast1.325
H04W74/00Wireless channel access  e.g. scheduled or random access1.324
H04L5/0012Hopping in multicarrier systems | for frequency hopping in spread spectrum systems | (ref: H04B1/713)1.323
H04B7/0691using subgroups of transmit antennas1.321
H04L5/001the frequencies being arranged in component carriers1.317
H04B7/0417Feedback systems1.317
H04L41/0896Bandwidth or capacity management  i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities | flow or congestion control using dynamic resource allocation  e.g. in-call renegotiation  | (ref: H04L47/76)1.315
H04B7/0626Channel coefficients  e.g. channel state information [CSI]1.315
H04B7/0639Using selective indices  e.g. of a codebook  e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection1.315
H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks  e.g. using matrices antenna weighting1.315
H04W52/0216using a pre-established activity schedule  e.g. traffic indication frame1.315
H04L1/0007by modifying the frame length1.314
H04B7/024Co-operative use of antennas of several sites  e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems1.314
H04L1/1896ARQ related signaling1.314
H03M13/256with trellis coding  e.g. with convolutional codes and TCM1.311
H04L27/00Modulated-carrier systems1.311
H04W24/02Arrangements for optimising operational condition1.311
H04W52/0212managed by the network  e.g. network or access point is master and terminal is slave1.310
H04W64/00Locating users or terminals | or network equipment|  for network management purposes  e.g. mobility management1.308
H04W64/003locating network equipment1.308
H04W56/0045compensating for timing error by altering transmission time1.307
H04W74/08Non-scheduled | or contention based|  access  e.g. random access  ALOHA  CSMA [Carrier Sense Multiple Access] | (ref: H04W74/02)|  takes precedence1.304
H04W74/002Transmission of channel access control information1.302
H04W16/02Resource partitioning among network components  e.g. reuse partitioning1.302
H04L1/0073Special arrangements for feedback channel1.302
H04W28/22Negotiating communication rate1.300
H04L69/328in the presentation layer [OSI layer 6]1.300
H04W72/085using measured or perceived quality1.298
H04L12/2856Access arrangements  e.g. Internet access | asynchronous transfer mode networks | (ref: H04L12/5601)| | broadband local area networks | (ref: H04L12/2801)| | optical access or distribution networks | (ref: H04Q11/0067)| | access to open networks | (ref: H04L12/5691)| | digital subscriber line end-user equipment and bit-level processing of data on a PSTN-based network | (ref: H04M11/00)| | home network gateways | (ref: H04L12/2834)| | wireless access networks | (ref: H04W)1.298
H04L5/0057Physical resource allocation for CQI1.298
H03M13/13Linear codes1.298
H04W56/00Synchronisation arrangements1.297
H04W74/0891for synchronized access1.296
H04W76/15Setup of multiple wireless link connections1.296
G01S5/10Position of receiver fixed by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements |   e.g. omega or decca systems| (ref: G01S5/12)|  takes precedence | | beacons and receivers cooperating therewith | (ref: G01S1/306)|   | (ref: G01S1/308)1.296
H04W48/20Selecting an access point1.295
H04L5/16Half-duplex systems| Simplex/duplex switching| Transmission of break signals | non-automatically inverting the direction of transmission1.295
H04W52/52using AGC [Automatic Gain Control] circuits or amplifiers1.293
H04W52/262taking into account adaptive modulation and coding [AMC] scheme | AMC | per se|  | (ref: H04L1/0001)1.293
H04L27/261Details of reference signals1.293
H03M13/25Error detection or forward error correction by signal space coding  i.e. adding redundancy in the signal constellation  e.g. Trellis Coded Modulation [TCM] | modulation codes | (ref: H03M13/31)1.291
H04L1/1893Physical mapping arrangements | physical resource mapping in general | (ref: H04L5/00)1.291
H04B7/0619using feedback from receiving side | feedback signaling for adaptive modulation/coding | (ref: H04L1/0001)1.291
H04L1/189Transmission or retransmission of more than one copy of a message1.289
H04W72/1257based on resource usage policy1.289
H04B7/0658Feedback reduction1.289
H04W72/0486where an allocation plan is defined based on load1.286
G01S5/14Determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location1.286
H04W52/0219where the power saving management affects multiple terminals1.285
H04L5/0058Allocation criteria1.284
H04L1/00Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received | correcting synchronisation | (ref: H04L7/00)1.283
H04L1/0063Single parity check1.283
H04L41/0806for initial configuration or provisioning  e.g. plug-and-play1.283
H04W72/082using the level of interference1.283
H04W8/183Processing at user equipment or user record carrier1.282
H04L67/306User profiles1.282
H04L25/067providing soft decisions  i.e. decisions together with an estimate of reliability | (ref: H04L25/068)|  and | (ref: H04L25/069)|  take precedence| sequence estimation techniques | (ref: H04L25/03178)1.282
H04L25/0204of multiple channels1.282
H04L45/34Source routing1.282
H04W48/16Discovering  processing access restriction or access information1.282
H04L43/12Network monitoring probes1.281
H04L43/04Processing captured monitoring data  e.g. for logfile generation1.281
H04W52/0235where the received signal is a power saving command1.281
H04L1/0028Formatting1.281
H04W52/028switching on or off only a part of the equipment circuit blocks1.279
H04B7/0834based on external parameters  e.g. subscriber speed or location1.279
H04L5/0041Frequency-non-contiguous1.278
H04L5/0023Time-frequency-space1.278
H04W56/0005synchronizing of arrival of multiple uplinks1.277
H04W84/20Master-slave | selection or change|  arrangements1.277
H04W4/46for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]1.277
H04W74/0841with collision treatment1.276
H04L5/0069Allocation based on distance or geographical location | allocation based on terminal or device properties in general  | (ref: H04W72/048)1.274
H04W12/72Subscriber identity1.273
H04W36/0055Transmission and use of information for re-establishing the radio link1.273
H04L12/40013Details regarding a bus controller1.272
H04B7/0663using vector or matrix manipulations1.272
H04L12/40006Architecture of a communication node | current supply arrangements | (ref: H04L12/10)| | intermediate storage or scheduling | (ref: H04L49/90)1.271
H04L43/0858One way delays1.271
H04L43/0852Delays1.271
H04L63/0478applying multiple layers of encryption  e.g. nested tunnels or encrypting the content with a first key and then with at least a second key | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements using a plurality of keys or algorithms | (ref: H04L9/14)1.270
H04L1/0016involving special memory structures  e.g. look-up tables1.270
H04L27/2614Peak power aspects1.270
H04W24/08Testing  | supervising or monitoring|  using real traffic1.269
H04W24/00Supervisory  monitoring or testing arrangements1.268
H04W76/18Management of setup rejection or failure1.268
H04B1/525with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver1.267
H04B17/354Adjacent channel leakage power1.267
H04W4/60Subscription-based services using application servers or record carriers  e.g. SIM application toolkits1.267
H04B17/318Received signal strength1.266
H04L69/325in the network layer [OSI layer 3]  e.g. X.25 | (ref: H04L69/16)|  takes precedence1.265
H04L45/42Centralised routing1.265
H04L1/0025Transmission of mode-switching indication1.264
H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines1.264
H04W52/40during macro-diversity or soft handoff1.264
H04W72/0493where an allocation plan is defined based on a resource usage policy1.263
H04L69/14Multichannel or multilink protocols1.263
H04L1/1664the supervisory signal being transmitted together with payload signals| piggybacking1.263
H04L5/0098Signalling of the activation or deactivation of component carriers  subcarriers or frequency bands1.261
H04B7/18513Transmission in a satellite or space-based system1.261
H04B7/18515Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays1.261
H04L1/005Iterative decoding  including iteration between signal detection and decoding operation1.260
H04L1/0036arrangements specific to the receiver1.260
H04L1/0026Transmission of channel quality indication1.257
H04W24/10Scheduling measurement reports | | Arrangements for measurement reports1.257
H04L65/70Media network packetisation1.256
H04L65/1086session scope modification1.256
H04B7/026Co-operative diversity  e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays1.255
H04L27/26134Pilot insertion in the transmitter chain  e.g. pilot overlapping with data  insertion in time or frequency domain1.255
H04L5/023Multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals | multicarrier modulation | (ref: H04L27/2601)1.255
H04W64/006with additional information processing  e.g. for direction or speed determination1.255
H04L43/10Active monitoring  e.g. heartbeat  ping or trace-route1.253
H04L45/00Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks | routing or path finding in wireless networks | (ref: H04W40/00)1.253
H04L69/165Combined use of TCP and UDP protocols| selection criteria therefor1.253
H04L47/283in response to processing delays  e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]1.252
H04L1/001applied to control information1.252
H04W28/0268using specific QoS parameters for wireless networks  e.g. QoS class identifier [QCI] or guaranteed bit rate [GBR] | negotiating SLA or negotiating QoS | (ref: H04W28/24)1.252
H04B7/2606Arrangements for base station coverage control  e.g. by using relays in tunnels1.252
H04B1/16Circuits1.252
G06N3/0454using a combination of multiple neural nets1.252
H04L45/22Alternate routing1.251
H04W40/22using selective relaying for reaching a BTS [Base Transceiver Station] or an access point1.251
H04B7/18517Transmission equipment in earth stations1.250
H04L47/125by balancing the load  e.g. traffic engineering1.250
H04L25/0226sounding signals | per se1.250
H04B17/309Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters1.250
H02J50/80involving the exchange of data  concerning supply or distribution of electric power  between transmitting devices and receiving devices1.250
H04B5/0037for power transfer1.250
H04L1/0023characterised by the signalling1.249
H04L9/3242involving keyed hash functions  e.g. message authentication codes [MACs]  CBC-MAC or HMAC1.248
H04L27/26524Fast Fourier transform [FFT] or discrete Fourier transform [DFT] demodulators in combination with other circuits for demodulation1.248
H04W76/19Connection re-establishment1.247
H04L69/28Timers or timing mechanisms used in protocols1.247
H04L65/1069Session establishment or de-establishment1.247
H04L65/1016IP multimedia subsystem [IMS]1.247
H04B7/088using beam selection1.246
H04L1/0083Formatting with frames or packets| Protocol or part of protocol for error control1.246
H04W36/0058Transmission of hand-off measurement information  e.g. measurement reports1.245
H04W36/0088Scheduling hand-off measurements1.245
H04W56/0015one node acting as a reference for the others1.244
H04N19/70characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding  e.g. related to compression standards1.244
G06T9/00Image coding | bandwidth or redundancy reduction for static pictures | (ref: H04N1/41)| | coding or decoding of static colour picture signals | (ref: H04N1/64)| | methods or arrangements for coding  decoding  compressing or decompressing digital video signals | (ref: H04N19/00)1.244
H04N19/597specially adapted for multi-view video sequence encoding1.244
H04W68/02Arrangements for increasing efficiency of notification or paging channel1.243
H04L5/0033each allocating device acting autonomously  i.e. without negotiation with other allocating devices1.242
H04L49/103using a shared central buffer| using a shared memory1.242
H04W12/08Access security1.241
H04B7/15592Adapting at the relay station communication parameters for supporting cooperative relaying  i.e. transmission of the same data via direct - and relayed path | cooperative diversity | (ref: H04B7/024)1.241
H04L1/188Time-out mechanisms1.241
H04B7/15542Selecting at relay station its transmit and receive resources | selection of wireless resources by user or terminal | (ref: H04W72/02)| | arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path by two-dimensional division of the resources | (ref: H04L5/0003)|   or by allocating sub-channels | (ref: H04L5/003)1.240
H04W72/1231using measured or perceived quality1.240
H04W52/367Power values between minimum and maximum limits  e.g. dynamic range1.239
H04L5/0007the frequencies being orthogonal  e.g. OFDM(A)  DMT1.238
H04W48/08Access restriction or access information delivery  e.g. discovery data delivery | signalling during connection | (ref: H04W76/00)1.238
H04W48/02Access restriction performed under specific conditions1.238
G06F13/4295using an embedded synchronisation1.237
G06F13/4027using bus bridges | (ref: G06F13/4022)|  takes precedence1.237
G06F13/40Bus structure | for computer networks | (ref: G06F15/163)| | for optical bus networks | (ref: H04B10/25)1.237
G06F13/4282on a serial bus  e.g. I2C bus  SPI bus | on daisy chain buses | (ref: G06F13/4247)1.237
H04L27/0014Carrier regulation | of chaotic carriers | (ref: H04L27/001)| | for multicarrier receivers | (ref: H04L27/2657)1.237
H04L5/0092Indication of how the channel is divided1.237
H04L43/08Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics  e.g. QoS  energy consumption or environmental parameters1.235
H04L43/065related to network devices1.235
H04W52/0232according to average transmission signal activity1.234
H04W8/04Registration at HLR or HSS [Home Subscriber Server]1.233
H04B7/1851Systems using a satellite or space-based relay | (ref: H04B7/18508)|   | (ref: H04B7/18521)|  take precedence| providing specific services | (ref: H04B7/18523)|  - | (ref: H04B7/18576)1.231
H04W4/06Selective distribution of broadcast services  e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]| Services to user groups| One-way selective calling services1.231
H04L1/0015characterised by the adaptation strategy1.231
H04W52/241taking into account channel quality metrics  e.g. SIR  SNR  CIR  Eb/lo1.231
H04B1/715Interference-related aspects1.231
H04L67/147Signalling methods or messages providing extensions to protocols defined by standardisation1.231
H04L45/02Topology update or discovery1.231
G06Q10/107Computer aided management of electronic mail | arrangements for user-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks  e.g. e-mail or instant messages  | (ref: H04L51/00)| | network security protocols | (ref: H04L63/00)| | real-time communication protocols in data switching networks | (ref: H04L65/00)| | network protocols for data switching network services | (ref: H04L67/00)1.231
H04W72/0426between access points1.230
H04Q11/0067Provisions for optical access or distribution networks  e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON)  ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON)  PON-Ring1.230
H04B7/0641Differential feedback1.229
H04L63/0876based on the identity of the terminal or configuration  e.g. MAC address  hardware or software configuration or device fingerprint1.229
G01S5/0036of measured values  i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station1.229
H04L1/0027Scheduling of signalling  e.g. occurrence thereof1.227
H04L1/0079Formats for control data | (ref: H04L1/16)|  takes precedence| training sequences | (ref: H04L25/00)|  and | (ref: H04L27/00)1.227
H04L27/26035Maintenance of orthogonality  e.g. for signals exchanged between cells or users  or by using covering codes or sequences | using different training sequence per antenna | (ref: H04B7/0684)| | code allocation | (ref: H04J13/16)1.227
H04W68/00User notification  e.g. alerting and paging  for incoming communication  change of service or the like1.227
H04W76/27Transitions between radio resource control [RRC] states1.227
H04W36/0079in case of hand-off failure or rejection1.227
H04W36/305Reselection due to radio link failure | control signalling for hand-off failure | (ref: H04W36/0079)1.227
H04L5/0082at predetermined intervals1.227
H04W12/10Integrity1.226
H04W12/121Wireless intrusion detection systems [WIDS]| Wireless intrusion prevention systems [WIPS]1.226
H04L25/03929with layer mapping  e.g. codeword-to layer design | for space-time coding | (ref: H04L1/0618)1.226
H04L27/0012arrangements for identifying the type of modulation1.226
H04B7/0697using spatial multiplexing1.225
H04B17/345Interference values | (ref: H04B17/336)|  takes precedence1.225
H04K3/224with countermeasures at transmission and/or reception of the jammed signal  e.g. stopping operation of transmitter or receiver  nulling or enhancing transmitted power in direction of or at frequency of jammer1.225
H04K3/22including jamming detection and monitoring1.225
H04W72/046the resource being in the space domain  e.g. beams1.225
H04B7/0491using two or more sectors  i.e. sector diversity1.225
H02J50/001Energy harvesting or scavenging1.225
H04L1/007Unequal error protection | for format | (ref: H04L1/0078)| | for codes | per se|  | (ref: H03M13/35)1.224
G01S13/42Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates | indirect measurement | (ref: G01S13/46)1.224
H04N19/44Decoders specially adapted therefor  e.g. video decoders which are asymmetric with respect to the encoder1.224
H04L5/0005Time-frequency1.223
H04L1/1614using bitmaps1.222
H04W88/08Access point devices1.222
H04L12/4625Single bridge functionality  e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge1.222
H04W52/242taking into account path loss1.221
H04B7/065Variable contents  e.g. long-term or short-short1.221
H04W4/12Messaging| Mailboxes| Announcements1.220
H04W76/11Allocation or use of connection identifiers1.220
H04W76/38triggered by timers1.218
G06F21/64Protecting data integrity  e.g. using checksums  certificates or signatures1.218
H04W12/0431Key distribution or pre-distribution| Key agreement1.218
H03M13/036Heuristic code construction methods  i.e. code construction or code search based on using trial-and-error1.218
H03M13/1148Structural properties of the code parity-check or generator matrix1.218
H04L45/64using an overlay routing layer1.217
H04W68/005Transmission of information for alerting of incoming communication1.216
H04W76/50for emergency connections1.216
H04W72/1247based on priority of the information source or recipient1.212
H04L47/2408for supporting different services  e.g. a differentiated services [DiffServ] type of service1.212
H04L67/12specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments  e.g. medical networks  sensor networks  networks in vehicles or remote metering networks1.212
H04L41/0645by additionally acting on or stimulating the network after receiving notifications1.211
H04L69/161Implementation details of TCP/IP or UDP/IP stack architecture| Specification of modified or new header fields1.211
H04L67/02based on web technology  e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]1.211
H03M7/4043Adaptive prefix coding1.210
H04W56/002Mutual synchronization1.209
H04W72/04Wireless resource allocation1.208
H04W24/04Arrangements for maintaining operational condition1.208
H04L27/0006Assessment of spectral gaps suitable for allocating digitally modulated signals  e.g. for carrier allocation in cognitive radio | for spectrum sharing between different networks | (ref: H04W16/14)1.207
G06N3/063using electronic means1.207
H04B7/0408using two or more beams  i.e. beam diversity1.207
H04L25/0224using sounding signals1.207
H04L1/0038Blind format detection | for detection of modulation format | (ref: H04L27/0012)1.206
H04L27/2678using cyclostationarities  e.g. cyclic prefix or postfix1.206
H04B7/0632Channel quality parameters  e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI]1.205
H04B7/043using best eigenmode  e.g. beam forming or beam steering1.204
H04W48/10using broadcasted information1.202
H04W40/248Connectivity information update1.202
H04L69/24Negotiation of communication capabilities1.202
H04W36/0061of neighbor cell information1.201
H04W16/28using beam steering1.201
H04L45/28using route fault recovery1.201
H04W74/0866using a dedicated channel for access1.199
H03M13/2707Simple row-column interleaver  i.e. pure block interleaving1.199
H04L65/75Media network packet handling1.199
H04L65/611for multicast or broadcast | systems for broadcast or conference | (ref: H04L12/18)| | arrangements for broadcast or distribution combined with broadcast | (ref: H04H20/00)| | arrangements for broadcast applications with a direct linkage to broadcast information or to broadcast space-time | (ref: H04H60/00)| | selective distribution of broadcast services  e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]  | (ref: H04W4/06)1.199
H04W52/325Power control of control or pilot channels1.198
H04L5/0078Timing of allocation1.198
H04N19/119Adaptive subdivision aspects  e.g. subdivision of a picture into rectangular or non-rectangular coding blocks1.197
H04N19/563Motion estimation with padding  i.e. with filling of non-object values in an arbitrarily shaped picture block or region for estimation purposes1.197
H04W56/009Closed loop measurements1.197
H04W36/0005Control or signalling for completing the hand-off1.197
H04W36/0016for hand-off preparation1.197
H04B7/0645Variable feedback1.197
H04W76/28Discontinuous transmission [DTX]| Discontinuous reception [DRX]1.197
H04M1/6066including a wireless connection1.197
H04W52/36with a discrete range or set of values  e.g. step size  ramping or offsets1.196
H04W52/346distributing total power among users or channels1.196
H04B1/713using frequency hopping1.195
H04N19/463by compressing encoding parameters before transmission1.195
H04N19/132Sampling  masking or truncation of coding units  e.g. adaptive resampling  frame skipping  frame interpolation or high-frequency transform coefficient masking1.195
H04W56/0055determining timing error of reception due to propagation delay1.194
H04L65/103in the network1.194
H04W76/14Direct-mode setup1.194
H04W74/02Hybrid access techniques1.193
H04W72/1215for collaboration of different radio technologies1.193
H04L27/2675Pilot or known symbols1.193
H04L27/2649Demodulators1.193
H03M13/09Error detection only  e.g. using cyclic redundancy check [CRC] codes or single parity bit1.193
H04L27/2662Symbol synchronisation1.193
H04W52/34TPC management  i.e. sharing limited amount of power among users or channels or data types  e.g. cell loading1.192
H04J11/0069Cell search  i.e. determining cell identity [cell-ID] | design of multiplexing codes | (ref: H04J13/00)| | processing access restriction or access information | (ref: H04W48/16)| | discovery of network devices for network data management | (ref: H04W8/005)| | sounding signals for channel estimation | (ref: H04L25/0226)| | structure of reference signals in multicarrier modulation systems | (ref: H04L27/2613)| | frame  time or carrier synchronisation in multicarrier modulation systems | (ref: H04L27/2655)1.191
H04L5/14Two-way operation using the same type of signal  i.e. duplex1.189
H04L1/1858Transmission or retransmission of more than one copy of acknowledgement message1.189
H04W12/06Authentication1.188
H04W56/0025synchronizing potentially movable access points1.187
B66B1/3453Procedure or protocol for the data transmission or communication1.187
B66B11/0226Constructional features  e.g. walls assembly  decorative panels  comfort equipment  thermal or sound insulation1.187
H04L65/765intermediate1.186
H04L65/65Network streaming protocols  e.g. real-time transport protocol [RTP] or real-time control protocol [RTCP]1.186
G06F21/85interconnection devices  e.g. bus-connected or in-line devices1.186
H04B7/02Diversity systems| Multi-antenna system  i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas | RAKE receivers | (ref: H04B1/7115)1.186
A61B17/7064Devices acting on  attached to  or simulating the effect of  vertebral facets| Tools therefor1.186
H04L49/9057Arrangements for supporting packet reassembly or resequencing1.186
H04L25/4908using mBnB codes1.186
H04W84/18Self-organising networks  e.g. ad-hoc networks or sensor networks1.186
H04W28/085among bearers or channels1.185
H04L45/24Multipath1.185
H04W36/18for allowing seamless reselection  e.g. soft reselection1.185
H04L12/4015by scheduling the transmission of messages at the communication node1.184
H04L5/0042intra-user or intra-terminal allocation1.184
H04W52/281taking into account user or data type priority1.183
H04W52/48during retransmission after error or non-acknowledgment1.183
H04W56/0065using measurement of signal travel time1.182
H03M13/618Shortening and extension of codes1.182
H04W52/54Signalisation aspects of the TPC commands  e.g. frame structure1.182
H04W36/0077of access information of target access point1.182
H04L27/38Demodulator circuits| Receiver circuits1.181
H04J3/0652Synchronisation among time division multiple access [TDMA] nodes  e.g. time triggered protocol [TTP] | bus network with centralized control in which slots are of a TDMA packet structure | (ref: H04L12/4035)1.181
H04L1/0059Convolutional codes1.180
H03M13/152Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquenghem [BCH] codes1.180
H04W8/005Discovery of network devices  e.g. terminals1.179
G06F12/1072Decentralised address translation  e.g. in distributed shared memory systems1.178
G06F13/404with address mapping1.178
H04J13/16Code allocation1.177
H04L5/0026Division using four or more dimensions1.177
G06N3/08Learning methods1.176
H04L27/3483using a modulation of the constellation points1.176
H04B7/15507Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area  | network planning with network coordinated processing with regard to cell extension | (ref: H04W16/26)| | network topologies using dedicated repeater stations | (ref: H04W84/047)| | terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from an other terminal | (ref: H04W88/04)1.176
H04W36/22for handling the traffic1.175
H04W76/10Connection setup1.175
H04W28/18Negotiating wireless communication parameters1.175
H04J11/0056Inter-base station aspects1.175
H04L5/0073Allocation arrangements that take into account other cell interferences | for intercell interference mitigation or co-ordination in orthogonal multiplex systems | (ref: H04J11/005)1.175
H04L12/4683characterized by the protocol used1.174
H04L41/0893Assignment of logical groups to network elements1.174
H04L27/26Systems using multi-frequency codes | (ref: H04L27/32)|  takes precedence1.174
H04W16/06Hybrid resource partitioning  e.g. channel borrowing1.174
H04L5/0071Allocation based on fairness other than the proportional kind1.173
H04B10/27Arrangements for networking1.173
H04L27/0008arrangements for allowing a transmitter or receiver to use more than one type of modulation | negotiating modulation type for two-way transmission paths | (ref: H04L5/1453)1.172
H04W52/0251using monitoring of local events  e.g. events related to user activity1.172
H04W52/0209in terminal devices | terminal devices | per se|  | (ref: H04W88/02)1.172
H04B7/0478Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimization1.172
H04B7/2615using hybrid frequency-time division multiple access [FDMA-TDMA]1.171
G01S5/0215Interference1.171
H04L45/30Routing of multiclass traffic1.170
H04L69/323in the physical layer [OSI layer 1]1.170
H04W60/04using triggered events1.170
H04W60/00Affiliation to network  e.g. registration| Terminating affiliation with the network  e.g. de-registration1.170
H04B17/14of the whole transmission and reception path  e.g. self-test loop-back1.170
H04L27/364Arrangements for overcoming imperfections in the modulator  e.g. quadrature error or unbalanced I and Q levels1.170
H04W52/0245according to signal strength1.169
H04B7/022Site diversity| Macro-diversity | using two or more spaced independent antennas | (ref: H04B7/04)1.169
H04B17/24with feedback of measurements to the transmitter1.169
H04L12/189in combination with wireless systems | selective distribution or broadcast in wireless communication networks | (ref: H04W4/06)1.169
H04W36/20for optimising the interference level1.167
H04B17/20of receivers1.167
H04B15/00Suppression or limitation of noise or interference | by means associated with receiver | (ref: H04B1/10)1.166
H04J13/0022PN  e.g. Kronecker1.166
H04W76/12Setup of transport tunnels1.166
H04L12/185with management of multicast group membership1.166
H04W8/18Processing of user or subscriber data  e.g. subscribed services  user preferences or user profiles| Transfer of user or subscriber data1.166
H04W8/20Transfer of user or subscriber data1.166
H04L1/0693Partial feedback  e.g. partial channel state information [CSI]1.166
H04W52/14Separate analysis of uplink or downlink1.165
G06F12/0811with multilevel cache hierarchies1.165
G06F9/45558Hypervisor-specific management and integration aspects1.165
H04L12/02Details1.165
H04B3/544Setting up communications| Call and signalling arrangements1.165
H04W12/122Counter-measures against attacks| Protection against rogue devices1.164
H04L63/123received data contents  e.g. message integrity1.164
H04W24/06Testing  | supervising or monitoring|  using simulated traffic1.164
H04B17/29Performance testing1.164
H04B7/18541for handover of resources1.164
H04W72/08where an allocation plan is defined|  based on quality criteria1.164
H04L1/1621Group acknowledgement  i.e. the acknowledgement message defining a range of identifiers  e.g. of sequence numbers1.164
H04B7/0482Adaptive codebooks1.164
H04W12/106Packet or message integrity1.163
H04W36/0069in case of dual connectivity  e.g. CoMP  decoupled uplink/downlink or carrier aggregation | allocation of physical resources in CoMP or in carrier aggregation | (ref: H04L5/0035)1.160
H04L27/262Reduction thereof by selection of pilot symbols1.159
H04L12/1868Measures taken after transmission  e.g. acknowledgments1.159
H04W74/085collision avoidance1.159
H04B7/2681Synchronisation of a mobile station with one base station1.158
H04L12/40136Nodes adapting their rate to the physical link properties | LAN switches | (ref: H04L49/351)1.158
H04L12/40Bus networks1.158
H04B17/0085using test signal generators1.158
G01S5/0205Details1.158
H04L27/2605Symbol extensions  e.g. Zero Tail  Unique Word [UW]1.157
H04J3/0638Clock or time synchronisation among nodes| Internode synchronisation | synchronization for ring networks | (ref: H04L12/422)| | data switching networks with synchronous transmission | (ref: H04L12/43)1.156
H04L7/0075with photonic or optical means1.156
H04J3/0685Clock or time synchronisation in a node| Intranode synchronisation1.156
G01S5/0236Assistance data  e.g. base station almanac1.156
G01S5/06Position of source determined by co-ordinating a plurality of position lines defined by path-difference measurements | (ref: G01S5/12)|  takes precedence1.156
H04L63/02for separating internal from external traffic  e.g. firewalls1.156
H04L63/20for managing network security| network security policies in general | filtering policies | (ref: H04L63/0227)1.156
H04L63/0227Filtering policies | mail message filtering | (ref: H04L51/212)1.156
H04W76/36for reassigning the resources associated with the released connections1.156
H04L1/1867Arrangements specific to the transmitter end1.154
H04L45/245Link aggregation  e.g. trunking1.154
H04L41/5025by proactively reacting to service quality change  e.g. by reconfiguration after service quality degradation or upgrade1.154
H04L27/36Modulator circuits| Transmitter circuits1.153
H04L5/006Quality of the received signal  e.g. BER  SNR  water filling1.153
H04B7/18506Communications with or from aircraft  i.e. aeronautical mobile service1.151
H04W28/20Negotiating bandwidth1.150
H04B7/0634Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients1.149
H04L5/0016Time-frequency-code1.149
H04W48/14using user query | or user detection1.148
H04W84/12WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]1.146
H04L69/163In-band adaptation of TCP data exchange| In-band control procedures1.145
H04L1/1657Implicit acknowledgement of correct or incorrect reception  e.g. with a moving window1.145
H04L5/0008Wavelet-division1.145
G08C23/02using infrasonic  sonic or ultrasonic waves1.145
H04B11/00Transmission systems employing sonic  ultrasonic or infrasonic waves1.145
H04B17/364Delay profiles1.143
H02J50/10using inductive coupling1.142
H04W52/42in systems with time  space  frequency or polarisation diversity1.142
H04W52/46in multi hop networks  e.g. wireless relay networks1.142
H04W72/005Resource management for broadcast services1.142
H04W36/0011for data session or connection1.141
H04W36/0038of security context information1.141
H03M13/35Unequal or adaptive error protection  e.g. by providing a different level of protection according to significance of source information or by adapting the coding according to the change of transmission channel characteristics1.141
H04W80/04Network layer protocols  e.g. mobile IP [Internet Protocol]1.141
H04W72/1221based on age of data to be sent1.141
H04L47/2483involving identification of individual flows1.141
H04J14/023in WDM passive optical networks [WDM-PON]1.141
H04W48/18Selecting a network or a communication service1.141
H04W28/0289Congestion control | performing reselection for handling the traffic | (ref: H04W36/22)| | load shedding arrangements in network planning | (ref: H04W16/08)| | dynamic wireless traffic scheduling | (ref: H04W72/12)1.141
H04B7/155Ground-based stations | (ref: H04B7/204)|  takes precedence1.140
H04L27/183Multiresolution systems1.139
H04L27/227using coherent demodulation1.139
H03M13/1117using approximations for check node processing  e.g. an outgoing message is depending on the signs and the minimum over the magnitudes of all incoming messages according to the min-sum rule1.139
H04W12/03Protecting confidentiality  e.g. by encryption1.139
H04L63/08for supporting authentication of entities communicating through a packet data network | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication | (ref: H04L9/32)1.139
H04L25/03019adaptive  i.e. capable of adjustment during data reception1.138
H04L25/03038with a non-recursive structure | (ref: H04L25/03031)|  takes precedence1.138
H04L27/01Equalisers | baseband equalizers at the transmitter end | (ref: H04L25/03343)| | in analogue transmission systems | (ref: H04B3/04)|   | (ref: H04B7/005)1.138
B60L53/67Controlling two or more charging stations1.137
H04W56/007Open loop measurement1.136
H04W56/006using known positions of transmitter and receiver1.136
H04L1/1874Buffer management1.136
H04L65/80Responding to QoS1.136
H04L1/1877for semi-reliable protocols  e.g. for less sensitive applications like streaming video | buffer level management for video bitstream control arrangements | (ref: H04N21/44004)1.136
H04W88/085Access point devices with remote components1.135
H04L41/0668by dynamic selection of recovery network elements  e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure1.135
H04B1/38Transceivers  i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving0.858
H04L45/08Learning-based routing  e.g. using neural networks or artificial intelligence0.758
H04L9/40Network security protocols0.758
H04L27/2603Signal structure ensuring backward compatibility with legacy system0.758
H03M13/091Parallel or block-wise CRC computation0.721
H04L1/1809Selective-repeat protocols0.721
H03M13/6513Support of multiple code types  e.g. unified decoder for LDPC and turbo codes0.721
H04L49/552by ensuring the integrity of packets received through redundant connections0.721
H03M13/00Coding  decoding or code conversion  for error detection or error correction| Coding theory basic assumptions| Coding bounds| Error probability evaluation methods| Channel models| Simulation or testing of codes | error detection or error correction for analogue/digital  digital/analogue or code conversion | (ref: H03M1/00)|  – | (ref: H03M11/00)|  specially adapted for digital computers | (ref: G06F11/08)|   for information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer | (ref: G11B)|   e.g. | (ref: G11B20/18)|   for static stores | (ref: G11C)0.721
H04L45/72Routing based on the source address0.721
H04L47/10Flow control| Congestion control0.721
H04L47/2441relying on flow classification  e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]0.721
H04L69/18Multiprotocol handlers  e.g. single devices capable of handling multiple protocols0.708
H04W4/08User group management0.608
H04L27/2666Acquisition of further OFDM parameters  e.g. bandwidth  subcarrier spacing  or guard interval length0.606
H03M13/1185wherein the parity-check matrix comprises a part with a double-diagonal0.603
H03M13/6356by repetition or insertion of dummy data  i.e. rate reduction0.603
H04L1/0046Code rate detection or code type detection | (ref: H04L1/0038)|  takes precedence| detection of the data rate | (ref: H04L25/0262)| | for packet format | (ref: H04L1/0091)0.603
H03M13/6393Rate compatible low-density parity check [LDPC] codes0.603
H03M13/3769using symbol combining  e.g. Chase combining of symbols received twice or more0.603
H04L1/1848Time-out mechanisms0.599
H03M13/353Adaptation to the channel0.595
H04L1/0088in control part0.595
H03M13/356Unequal error protection [UEP]0.595
H03M13/255with Low Density Parity Check [LDPC] codes0.595
H04L5/0039Frequency-contiguous  i.e. with no allocation of frequencies for one user or terminal between the frequencies allocated to another0.584
H04J13/007LAS  i.e. LA  LS and LAS codes0.574
H04B1/707using direct sequence modulation0.574
H04L25/03866using scrambling0.574
H04L27/20Modulator circuits| Transmitter circuits0.574
H04J11/004using regenerative subtractive interference cancellation0.574
H04W8/02Processing of mobility data  e.g. registration information at HLR [Home Location Register] or VLR [Visitor Location Register]| Transfer of mobility data  e.g. between HLR  VLR or external networks0.570
H04L1/0086Unequal error protection | (ref: H04L27/00)|  and | (ref: H04L1/004)|  take precedence for layer 1/2 aspects  e.g. bit loading0.566
H04L67/1097for distributed storage of data in networks  e.g. transport arrangements for network file system [NFS]  storage area networks [SAN] or network attached storage [NAS]0.563
H04L5/0037Inter-user or inter-terminal allocation0.560
H04L1/0056Systems characterized by the type of code used | (ref: H04L1/08)|  takes precedence0.560
H04L27/2608Allocation of payload0.560
H04L1/04using frequency diversity0.560
H03M13/6368using rate compatible puncturing or complementary puncturing0.560
H04L1/0067Rate matching | (ref: H04L1/0013)|  and | (ref: H04L1/08)|  take precedence0.560
H04L69/06Notations for structuring of protocol data  e.g. abstract syntax notation one [ASN.1]0.556
H04L1/0035evaluation of received explicit signalling0.554
H04L47/34ensuring sequence integrity  e.g. using sequence numbers0.550
H04L63/0428wherein the data content is protected  e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload0.550
H04L47/24Traffic characterised by specific attributes  e.g. priority or QoS0.550
H04J3/0697Synchronisation in a packet node0.548
H04J3/0644External master-clock0.548
H04J3/0673using intermediate nodes  e.g. modification of a received timestamp before further transmission to the next packet node  e.g. including internal delay time or residence time into the packet0.548
H04L45/20Hop count for routing purposes  e.g. TTL0.547
H04L45/38Flow based routing0.547
H04L1/206for modulated signals0.547
H04L25/0202Channel estimation0.547
H04L43/026using flow identification0.546
H04L41/0803Configuration setting0.546
H04L69/329in the application layer [OSI layer 7]0.546
H04L27/2695with channel estimation  e.g. determination of delay spread  derivative or peak tracking | channel estimation | (ref: H04L25/0202)0.546
H04L1/1832Details of sliding window management0.545
H04W16/16for PBS [Private Base Station] arrangements0.544
H04B17/336Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR]0.544
H04L27/3488Multiresolution systems0.544
H04L27/3472by switching between alternative constellations0.542
H04W76/22Manipulation of transport tunnels0.541
H04L63/0236Filtering by address  protocol  port number or service  e.g. IP-address or URL0.540
H04L61/2592using tunnelling or encapsulation0.540
H04L63/1425Traffic logging  e.g. anomaly detection0.540
H04L63/1458Denial of Service0.540
H04L63/101Access control lists [ACL]0.540
H04L1/004by using forward error control | (ref: H04L1/0618)|  takes precedence| coding  decoding or code conversion  for error detection or correction | (ref: H03M13/00)0.539
H04L27/2628Inverse Fourier transform modulators  e.g. inverse fast Fourier transform [IFFT] or inverse discrete Fourier transform [IDFT] modulators | (ref: H04L27/2634)|  takes precedence0.539
H04L69/321Interlayer communication protocols or service data unit [SDU] definitions| Interfaces between layers0.538
H04L63/162at the data link layer0.538
H04W12/033of the user plane  e.g. user's traffic0.538
H03M13/2792Interleaver wherein interleaving is performed jointly with another technique such as puncturing  multiplexing or routing0.538
H03M13/2778Interleaver using block-wise interleaving  e.g. the interleaving matrix is sub-divided into sub-matrices and the permutation is performed in blocks of sub-matrices0.538
H04B7/066Combined feedback for a number of channels  e.g. over several subcarriers like in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [OFDM]0.535
H04W28/12using signalling between network elements0.535
G05B19/4185characterised by the network communication0.535
H04B10/40Transceivers0.530
H03M5/12Biphase level code  e.g. split phase code  Manchester code| Biphase space or mark code  e.g. double frequency code0.529
H04L1/06using space diversity0.525
H04J13/0025M-sequences0.525
H04W28/0252per individual bearer or channel | dynamic wireless traffic scheduling | (ref: H04W72/12)0.524
H04W36/26by agreed or negotiated communication parameters0.524
H04W36/02Buffering or recovering information during reselection | | Modification of the traffic flow during hand-off0.524
H04W76/30Connection release0.524
H04L27/389with separate demodulation for the phase and amplitude components0.524
H04L27/206using a pair of orthogonal carriers  e.g. quadrature carriers0.524
H04L27/2071in which the data are represented by the carrier phase  e.g. systems with differential coding0.524
H04L1/0011applied to payload information0.521
H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems | for frequency hopping | (ref: H04B1/713)0.521
H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques0.521
H04L25/03834using pulse shaping0.521
H04L25/0228with direct estimation from sounding signals0.519
H04W52/28using user profile  e.g. mobile speed  priority or network state  e.g. standby  idle or non transmission0.517
H04W28/0215based on user or device properties  e.g. MTC-capable devices | services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC] | (ref: H04W4/70)| | wireless resource selection or allocation plan definition based on terminal or device properties | (ref: H04W72/048)0.517
H04L27/2615Reduction thereof using coding0.517
H04B7/0628Diversity capabilities0.517
H04L5/026using code division0.516
H04L27/2621Reduction thereof using phase offsets between subcarriers0.513
H04J11/00Orthogonal multiplex systems  | e.g. using WALSH codes| (ref: H04J13/00)|  takes precedence0.513
H04B7/0465taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints  e.g. constant modulus  into account0.513
H04L1/0029Reduction of the amount of signalling  e.g. retention of useful signalling or differential signalling | power control | (ref: H04W52/04)0.513
H04L47/286Time to live0.513
H04L47/29using a combination of thresholds0.513
H04L45/122by minimising distances  e.g. by selecting a route with minimum of number of hops0.513
H04B1/7143Arrangements for generation of hop patterns0.513
H04J1/00Frequency-division multiplex systems | (ref: H04J14/00)|  takes precedence0.512
H04B7/06at the transmitting station0.512
H04W16/26Cell enhancers | or enhancement|   e.g. for tunnels  building shadow0.512
H04J1/10Intermediate station arrangements  e.g. for branching  for tapping-off | repeater circuits | (ref: H04B3/36)|   | (ref: H04B3/58)| | two-way amplifiers | (ref: H03F3/62)0.512
H04B7/08at the receiving station0.512
H04L5/0028Variable division | signaling therefor | (ref: H04L5/0092)0.511
H04L27/2655Synchronisation arrangements0.511
H03M13/6362by puncturing0.511
H04W4/021Services related to particular areas  e.g. point of interest [POI] services  venue services or geofences0.510
H04L27/2626Arrangements specific to the transmitter only0.510
H04L25/03159operating in the frequency domain | (ref: H04L25/03165)|   | (ref: H04L25/03178)|  take precedence0.510
H04L12/28characterised by path configuration  e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks] | wireless communication networks | (ref: H04W)|  | | arrangements for dividing the transmission path | (ref: H04W40/00)0.508
H04L12/40169Flexible bus arrangements | arrangements for maintenance or administration involving management of faults| events  alarms | (ref: H04L41/06)| | automatic restoration of network faults | (ref: H04L41/0654)0.508
H04W8/08Mobility data transfer0.507
H04L49/60Software-defined switches0.506
H04L45/50using label swapping  e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]0.506
H04L45/507Label distribution0.506
H04L49/3009Header conversion  routing tables or routing tags0.506
H04L12/4645Details on frame tagging | routing of packets | (ref: H04L45/00)| | support for virtual LAN | (ref: H04L49/354)0.506
H04L45/52Multiprotocol routers0.506
H04L63/1491using deception as countermeasure  e.g. honeypots  honeynets  decoys or entrapment0.506
H04L41/069using logs of notifications| Post-processing of notifications0.506
H04L63/145the attack involving the propagation of malware through the network  e.g. viruses  trojans or worms0.506
H04L47/12Avoiding congestion| Recovering from congestion0.506
H04L45/54Organization of routing tables0.506
H04J13/004Orthogonal0.505
H04J13/12Generation of orthogonal codes0.505
H04L5/0019in which one code is applied  as a temporal sequence  to all frequencies0.505
H04J13/0074Code shifting or hopping0.505
H04L61/5092by self-assignment  e.g. picking addresses at random and testing if they are already in use0.505
D21H17/675Oxides  hydroxides or carbonates0.505
D21H17/70forming new compounds | in situ|   e.g. within the pulp or paper  by chemical reaction with other substances added separately0.505
H04W4/80Services using short range communication  e.g. near-field communication [NFC]  radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication0.505
H04M1/72505Radio link set-up procedures0.505
H04L65/40Support for services or applications0.504
H04L5/0062Avoidance of ingress interference  e.g. ham radio channels0.503
H04L45/48Routing tree calculation0.503
H04W28/0284detecting congestion or overload during communication | monitoring arrangements | (ref: H04L43/00)0.502
H04W28/0273adapting protocols for flow control or congestion control to wireless environment  e.g. adapting transmission control protocol [TCP] | wireless network protocols or protocol adaptations to wireless operation  e.g. wireless application protocol | (ref: H04W80/00)0.502
H04W72/1205Schedule definition  set-up or creation0.502
G06F13/4291using a clocked protocol0.501
H04L67/104Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks0.501
H04L49/252Store and forward routing0.501
H04L12/40071Packet processing| Packet format | adaptation of digital video signals for transport over a specific network | (ref: H04N21/2381)|   | (ref: H04N21/4363)|   | (ref: H04N21/4381)| | packet switches | (ref: H04L49/00)| | intermediate storage or scheduling | (ref: H04L49/90)0.501
H04L12/40084Bus arbitration0.501
H04L12/403with centralised control  e.g. polling0.501
G06F13/4247on a daisy chain bus0.501
H04L47/6225Fixed service order  e.g. Round Robin0.501
H04W92/18between terminal devices0.501
H04W8/186Processing of subscriber group data0.500
G01S11/06using intensity measurements0.500
G01S11/04using angle measurements0.500
G01S11/10using Doppler effect0.500
G01S1/0428Signal details0.500
H04B10/1149Arrangements for indoor wireless networking of information0.499
H04B10/11Arrangements specific to free-space transmission  i.e. transmission through air or vacuum0.499
H04B10/25Arrangements specific to fibre transmission0.499
H04L63/0485Networking architectures for enhanced packet encryption processing  e.g. offloading of IPsec packet processing or efficient security association look-up0.499
H03M7/30Compression | speech analysis-synthesis for redundancy reduction | (ref: G10L19/00)| | for image communication | (ref: H04N)| Expansion| Suppression of unnecessary data  e.g. redundancy reduction0.499
H04L12/66Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems  e.g. gateways0.499
H04J13/0062Zadoff-Chu0.499
H04L9/0819Key transport or distribution  i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value  and securely transfers it to the other(s) | network architectures or network communication protocols for key distribution in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/062)0.498
H04W72/0466the resource being a scrambling code0.498
H04L9/088Usage controlling of secret information  e.g. techniques for restricting cryptographic keys to pre-authorized uses  different access levels  validity of crypto-period  different key- or password length  or different strong and weak cryptographic algorithms | network architectures or network communication protocols for using time-dependent keys in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/068)0.497
H04W12/041Key generation or derivation0.497
H04L9/0861Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords0.497
H04L9/12Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner0.497
H04L47/806Broadcast or multicast traffic0.497
H04L12/413with random access  e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection (CSMA-CD)0.497
H04L45/32Flooding | denial of service attacks | (ref: H04L63/1458)0.497
H04L67/56Provisioning of proxy services | store-and-forward switching systems in data switching networks | (ref: H04L12/54)0.497
H04W52/245taking into account received signal strength0.497
H04W52/50at the moment of starting communication in a multiple access environment0.497
H04B7/26at least one of which is mobile0.497
H04L27/18Phase-modulated carrier systems  i.e. using phase-shift keying | (ref: H04L27/32)|  takes precedence0.496
H04W4/18Information format or content conversion  e.g. adaptation by the network of the transmitted or received information for the purpose of wireless delivery to users or terminals0.496
H04B7/0882using post-detection diversity0.495
H04B7/0874using subgroups of receive antennas0.495
H04W52/00Power management  e.g. TPC [Transmission Power Control]  power saving or power classes | gain control in transmitters or power amplifiers | (ref: H03G3/3042)0.493
H04B7/04using two or more spaced independent antennas0.492
H04L1/0618Space-time coding0.492
H03M13/271Row-column interleaver with permutations  e.g. block interleaving with inter-row  inter-column  intra-row or intra-column permutations0.492
H04L27/3416in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual points belong  e.g. using coset coding  lattice coding  or related schemes0.492
H03M13/27using interleaving techniques0.492
H04L27/186in which the information is carried by both the individual signal points and the subset to which the individual signal points belong  e.g. coset coding or related schemes0.492
H04J13/0029Gold0.491
G01S13/74Systems using reradiation of radio waves  e.g. secondary radar systems| Analogous systems0.490
G01S5/0242Determining the position of transmitters to be subsequently used in positioning | (ref: G01S5/0289)|  takes precedence0.490
H04L41/12Discovery or management of network topologies0.490
H04L43/0864Round trip delays0.490
G01S5/0289of multiple transceivers  e.g. in ad hoc networks0.490
H04W4/023using mutual or relative location information between multiple location based services [LBS] targets or of distance thresholds0.490
G01S5/021Calibration  monitoring or correction | (ref: G01S5/0252)|  takes precedence0.490
H04L25/03821Inter-carrier interference cancellation [ICI]0.490
H04W74/06using polling0.488
H04B7/10Polarisation diversity| Directional diversity0.488
H04L65/1104Session initiation protocol [SIP]0.487
H04L5/00Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path0.487
H04L69/08Protocols for interworking| Protocol conversion0.487
H04L1/0076Distributed coding  e.g. network coding  involving channel coding | coding in both space and time | (ref: H04L1/0618)| | cooperative diversity | (ref: H04B7/022)0.487
H04B7/0486taking channel rank into account0.487
H04L1/0625Transmitter arrangements0.487
H04J11/0076Acquisition of secondary synchronisation channel  e.g. detection of cell-ID group0.486
H04B1/1027assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal0.486
H04L1/0008by supplementing frame payload  e.g. with padding bits0.486
H03G3/3036in high-frequency amplifiers or in frequency-changers | (ref: H03G3/3052)|   | (ref: H03G3/32)|   | (ref: H03G3/34)|  take precedence0.486
H04W52/58Format of the TPC bits0.485
H04W52/60using different transmission rates for TPC commands0.485
H04W52/16Deriving transmission power values from another channel0.485
H04W52/06TPC algorithms0.485
G01S1/20using a comparison of transit time of synchronised signals transmitted from non-directional antennas or antenna systems spaced apart  i.e. path-difference systems0.485
H03M13/1111Soft-decision decoding  e.g. by means of message passing or belief propagation algorithms0.484
H03M13/1128Judging correct decoding and iterative stopping criteria other than syndrome check and upper limit for decoding iterations0.484
H03M13/275Interleaver wherein the permutation pattern is obtained using a congruential operation of the type y=ax+b modulo c0.484
G01S5/0045Transmission from base station to mobile station | (ref: G01S5/009)|  takes precedence0.484
H04L27/2665Fine synchronisation  e.g. by positioning the FFT window0.484
H04L27/266Fine or fractional frequency offset determination and synchronisation0.484
H04L61/106across networks  e.g. mapping telephone numbers to data network addresses0.484
H04L12/2898Subscriber equipments | DSL modems | (ref: H04M11/062)| | cable modems | (ref: H04L12/2801)0.484
H04W76/20Manipulation of established connections0.483
H04B7/063Parameters other than those covered in groups | (ref: H04B7/0623)|  - | (ref: H04B7/0634)|   e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection0.483
G01S11/02using radio waves | (ref: G01S19/00)|  takes precedence0.482
H04J3/0682by delay compensation  e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof  by ranging0.482
H04J13/14Generation of codes with a zero correlation zone0.482
H04J1/02Details0.482
H04L43/0894Packet rate0.482
H04L5/0087when data requirements change0.482
H04W28/0278using buffer status reports | dynamic wireless traffic scheduling definition | (ref: H04W72/1205)0.482
H04L49/90Buffering arrangements0.482
H04B17/382for resource allocation  admission control or handover0.482
H04L43/0847Transmission error0.481
H04L1/24Testing correct operation0.481
H04W12/068using credential vaults  e.g. password manager applications or one time password [OTP] applications0.481
H04L69/03Protocol definition or specification  | protocol conformance testing | (ref: H04L1/244)0.481
H04L41/0654using network fault recovery | ring fault isolation or reconfiguration in loop networks without recovery actions by a network management system | (ref: H04L12/437)0.481
H04L41/00Arrangements for maintenance  administration or management of data switching networks  e.g. of packet switching networks0.481
H04J11/0026of multi-user interference0.481
H04W28/0236radio quality  e.g. interference  losses or delay0.481
H04J11/003at the transmitter | transmission to multiple receive units in multiple input multiple output [MIMO] | (ref: H04B7/0452)| | transmit antenna weighting | (ref: H04B7/0615)0.481
H04L5/26combined with the use of different frequencies0.481
H04L1/0033arrangements specific to the transmitter0.481
H04J11/0036at the receiver0.481
H04L1/0006by adapting the transmission format0.481
H04L25/0256Channel estimation using minimum mean square error criteria0.481
H04L25/0206of each channel individually0.481
H04L25/08Modifications for reducing interference| Modifications for reducing effects due to line faults | | Receiver end arrangements for detecting or overcoming line faults0.481
H04L25/022of frequency response0.481
H04L45/127based on intermediate node capabilities0.481
H04L5/008once only  on installation0.481
H04L43/20the monitoring system or the monitored elements being virtualised  abstracted or software-defined entities  e.g. SDN or NFV0.481
H04B7/0602using antenna switching | (ref: H04B7/0686)|  takes precedence| antenna beam directivity switching | (ref: H01Q3/24)0.480
H04B7/0693switching off a diversity branch  e.g. to save power0.480
H04L1/0052Realisations of complexity reduction techniques  e.g. pipelining or use of look-up tables0.479
H04W88/02Terminal devices0.479
H04L5/02Channels characterised by the type of signal0.478
H04J13/18Allocation of orthogonal codes0.478
H04L47/825Involving tunnels  e.g. MPLS0.478
H04L61/103across network layers  e.g. resolution of network layer into physical layer addresses or address resolution protocol [ARP]0.478
H04L61/5038for local use  e.g. in LAN or USB networks  or in a controller area network [CAN]0.478
H04W40/32for defining a routing cluster membership0.478
H04L12/1881with schedule organisation  e.g. priority  sequence management0.478
H04W12/40Security arrangements using identity modules0.477
H04L9/0643Hash functions  e.g. MD5  SHA  HMAC or f9 MAC0.477
H04L12/4604LAN interconnection over a backbone network  e.g. Internet  Frame Relay0.477
H04L12/4013Management of data rate on the bus | systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality | (ref: H04L1/0001)0.477
H04L27/205in which the data are represented by the change in phase of the carrier0.476
H04J13/0014Golay0.476
H04W88/14Backbone network devices0.476
H04W84/047using dedicated repeater stations0.476
H04W74/0875with assigned priorities based access0.476
G16Y10/75Information technology| Communication0.475
H04L27/2691involving interference determination or cancellation0.475
H04L27/2646using feedback from receiver for adjusting OFDM transmission parameters  e.g. transmission timing or guard interval length0.475
H04W28/14using intermediate storage0.475
H04W28/24Negotiating SLA [Service Level Agreement]| Negotiating QoS [Quality of Service]0.475
H04J11/0023Interference mitigation or co-ordination | traffic scheduling | (ref: H04W72/082)|   | (ref: H04W72/1226)| | power management | (ref: H04W52/00)| | allocation criteria for ingress interference avoidance | (ref: H04L5/0062)| | frequency allocation criteria for requirements on out-of-channel emissions | (ref: H04L5/0066)| | peak power aspects in multicarrier modulation | (ref: H04L27/2614)| | arrangements for removing intersymbol interference or baseband equalisers | (ref: H04L25/03006)| | direct sequence spread spectrum [DSSS] systems | (ref: H04B1/7097)| | frequency hopping | (ref: H04B1/713)0.475
H04L45/566Routing instructions carried by the data packet  e.g. active networks0.474
H04W52/18TPC being performed according to specific parameters0.474
H04R25/554using a wireless connection  e.g. between microphone and amplifier or using Tcoils0.474
H04R25/552Binaural0.474
H04R25/43Electronic input selection or mixing based on input signal analysis  e.g. mixing or selection between microphone and telecoil or between microphones with different directivity characteristics | (ref: H04R25/407)|  takes precedence0.474
H04L1/0001Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality  e.g. power backoff | adaptive data allocation for multicarrier modulation | (ref: H04L5/0044)| | controlling transmission power for radio systems | (ref: H04W52/04)0.473
H04W52/24using SIR [Signal to Interference Ratio] or other wireless path parameters0.473
H04W52/267taking into account the information rate0.473
H04B7/0647Variable feedback rate0.473
H04W72/0473the resource being transmission power0.473
H04B17/373Predicting channel quality parameters0.473
H04W72/087using requested quality0.473
H04B7/2041Spot beam multiple access0.473
H04L1/009arrangements specific to transmitters0.471
G06F11/076by exceeding a count or rate limit  e.g. word- or bit count limit0.471
H04L1/0066Parallel concatenated codes0.471
G06F11/1402Saving  restoring  recovering or retrying0.471
H04L65/752adapting media to network capabilities0.471
H04L65/1083In-session procedures0.471
H04B7/0621Feedback content0.471
H04W52/283Power depending on the position of the mobile0.470
H04W52/143Downlink power control0.470
H04L27/2672Frequency domain0.470
H04L27/2082for offset or staggered quadrature phase shift keying0.470
H04J13/0055ZCZ [zero correlation zone]0.470
H04L27/2671Time domain0.470
H04B7/15Active relay systems0.470
H04W92/12between access points and access point controllers0.470
H04W12/069using certificates or pre-shared keys0.470
H04L12/2803Home automation networks0.470
H04L9/30Public key  i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy0.470
H04L63/061for key exchange  e.g. in peer-to-peer networks | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key agreement | (ref: H04L9/0838)0.470
H04L12/2827Reporting to a device within the home network| wherein the reception of the information reported automatically triggers the execution of a home appliance functionality0.470
H04L12/2814Exchanging control software or macros for controlling appliance services in a home automation network | arrangements for maintenance or administration involving configuration of the network and network elements | (ref: H04L41/08)0.470
H04L49/254Centralised controller  i.e. arbitration or scheduling0.470
H04W40/246Connectivity information discovery0.470
H04L12/2823Reporting information sensed by appliance or service execution status of appliance services in a home automation network | device-related reporting | (ref: H04L43/065)| | arrangements in telecontrol or telemetry systems for selectively calling a substation from a main station  in which substation desired apparatus is selected for applying a control signal thereto or for obtaining measured values therefrom | (ref: H04Q9/00)0.470
H04L63/083using passwords | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication using a predetermined code | (ref: H04L9/3226)0.470
H04W52/383power control in peer-to-peer links0.470
G06F8/65Updates | security arrangements therefor | (ref: G06F21/57)0.470
H04L9/3247involving digital signatures0.470
H04L9/3263involving certificates  e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]| Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements | network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting authentication of entities using certificates in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/0823)0.470
H04L61/00Network arrangements  protocols or services for addressing or naming0.470
H04L9/32including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system | or for message authentication  e.g. authorization  entity authentication  data integrity or data verification  non-repudiation  key authentication or verification of credentials| network architectures or network communication protocols for supporting entities authentication in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/08)| | applying verification of the received information | (ref: H04L63/12)| | |  computer systems | (ref: G06F)| | coin-freed or like apparatus with coded identity card or credit card | (ref: G07F7/08)0.470
H04L67/10in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network | software deployment | (ref: G06F8/60)| | multiprogramming arrangements | (ref: G06F9/46)0.470
G08B21/0415detecting absence of activity | per se0.470
H04L9/3265using certificate chains  trees or paths| Hierarchical trust model0.470
H04L67/34involving the movement of software or configuration parameters  | network booting or remote initial program loading [RIPL] | (ref: G06F9/4416)0.470
H04L9/14using a plurality of keys or algorithms | network architectures or network communication protocols wherein the sending and receiving network entities apply hybrid encryption  i.e. combination of symmetric and asymmetric encryption | (ref: H04L63/045)0.470
H04W88/18Service support devices| Network management devices0.470
H04L49/20Support for services0.470
H04W40/24Connectivity information management  e.g. connectivity discovery or connectivity update0.470
H04L43/106using time related information in packets  e.g. by adding timestamps0.470
H04W28/0958based on metrics or performance parameters0.469
H04B7/22Scatter propagation systems |   e.g. ionospheric  tropospheric or meteor scatter0.469
G06Q40/04Exchange  e.g. stocks  commodities  derivatives or currency exchange0.469
H04L1/0018based on latency requirement0.469
G06N7/005Probabilistic networks0.469
H04W40/34Modification of an existing route0.469
H04B1/0003Software-defined radio [SDR] systems  i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware  e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators  are implented using software  e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain | digital baseband systems | (ref: H04L25/00)| | digital modulation/demodulation | (ref: H04L27/00)| | CDMA | (ref: H04B1/707)| | TDMA | (ref: H04B7/2643)| | image transmission | (ref: H04N5/00)0.469
G06N3/088Non-supervised learning  e.g. competitive learning0.469
H04W28/08Load balancing or load distribution0.469
H04W36/0094Definition of hand-off measurement parameters0.469
H04W28/0983for optimizing bandwidth or throughput0.469
H04W36/00837Determination of triggering parameters for hand-off0.469
H04B17/40of relay systems0.469
H04W28/0942based on measured or predicted load of entities- or links0.469
H04W28/021in wireless networks with changing topologies  e.g. ad-hoc networks | self-organizing networks | (ref: H04W84/18)0.469
H04W40/04based on wireless node resources0.469
H04W36/0085Hand-off measurements0.469
H04W40/12based on transmission quality or channel quality0.469
H04W28/0247based on conditions of the access network or the infrastructure network | central resource management | (ref: H04W28/16)0.469
H04B7/265for channel frequency control0.469
H04B7/2643using time-division multiple access [TDMA] | (ref: H04B7/2615)|   | (ref: H04B7/2618)|  take precedence0.469
H04W72/1252based on load0.469
H02J50/40using two or more transmitting or receiving devices | (ref: H02J50/50)|  takes precedence0.469
H02J50/005Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means  e.g. mechanical integration of coils  antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices0.469
H04L63/0823using certificates | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for entity authentication involving certificates | (ref: H04L9/3263)0.469
H02J7/00032characterised by data exchange0.469
H04B5/0081with antenna coils | loop aerials | (ref: H01Q7/00)0.469
H02J50/50using additional energy repeaters between transmitting devices and receiving devices0.469
H02J50/60responsive to the presence of foreign objects  e.g. detection of living beings0.469
H04B5/0031for data transfer0.469
H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems  e.g. inductive loop type0.469
H04L1/0022in which mode-switching is influenced by the user0.468
H04L9/50using hash chains  e.g. blockchains or hash trees0.468
H04L27/2643using symbol repetition  e.g. time domain realization of distributed FDMA0.468
H04L27/2698double density OFDM/OQAM system  e.g. OFDM/OQAM-IOTA system0.468
H04L69/40for recovering from a failure of a protocol instance or entity  e.g. service redundancy protocols  protocol state redundancy or protocol service redirection | management of faults  events  alarms or notifications in data switching networks | (ref: H04L41/06)0.468
H04L65/1073Registration or de-registration0.468
H04W60/005Multiple registrations  e.g. multihoming0.468
H04B7/061using feedback from receiving side0.467
H04W36/36by user or terminal equipment0.467
H04W36/06Reselecting a communication resource in the serving access point0.467
H04L12/2838Distribution of signals within a home automation network  e.g. involving splitting/multiplexing signals to/from different paths | adaptations of television systems for transmission by electric cable for domestic distribution | (ref: H04N7/106)| | hybrid transport | (ref: H04L12/6418)| | home network arrangements specially adapted for distribution of digital video signals | (ref: H04N7/24)0.467
H04W72/1294using a grant or specific channel | (ref: H04W72/14)|  takes precedence0.467
H04W8/22Processing or transfer of terminal data  e.g. status or physical capabilities0.467
H04N19/184the unit being bits  e.g. of the compressed video stream0.466
H04L49/10characterised by the switching fabric construction0.466
H04L69/26Special purpose or proprietary protocols or architectures | network applications for proprietary or special purpose networking environments | (ref: H04L67/12)0.466
H04L49/9047including multiple buffers  e.g. buffer pools0.466
H04L49/351for local area network [LAN]  e.g. Ethernet switches0.466
H04W72/0433between access point and access point controlling device0.465
H04L63/166at the transport layer0.465
H04L63/10for controlling access to network resources | restricting network management access | (ref: H04L41/28)0.465
H04B7/15557Selecting relay station operation mode  e.g. between amplify and forward mode  decode and forward mode or FDD - and TDD mode0.465
H04W52/365Power headroom reporting0.465
H04L5/0096Indication of changes in allocation0.464
H04W52/0241where no transmission is received  e.g. out of range of the transmitter0.464
H04B7/0404the mobile station comprising multiple antennas  e.g. to provide uplink diversity0.464
G06F12/0815Cache consistency protocols0.464
G06F30/392Floor-planning or layout  e.g. partitioning or placement0.464
G06F13/4265on a point to point bus | (ref: G06F13/4247)|   | (ref: G06F13/4282)|  take precedence0.464
G06F12/0806Multiuser  multiprocessor or multiprocessing cache systems0.464
G06F12/109for multiple virtual address spaces  e.g. segmentation | (ref: G06F12/1036)|  takes precedence0.464
G06F15/7807System on chip  i.e. computer system on a single chip| System in package  i.e. computer system on one or more chips in a single package0.464
G06F12/0875with dedicated cache  e.g. instruction or stack0.464
H04W92/10between terminal device and access point  i.e. wireless air interface0.463
H04L61/35involving non-standard use of addresses for implementing network functionalities  e.g. coding subscription information within the address or functional addressing  i.e. assigning an address to a function0.463
H04L47/28in relation to timing considerations0.463
H04L41/08Configuration management of networks or network elements | address allocation | (ref: H04L61/50)0.463
H04W8/265for initial activation of new user0.462
H04L1/0054Maximum-likelihood or sequential decoding  e.g. Viterbi  Fano  ZJ algorithms0.462
H03M13/19Single error correction without using particular properties of the cyclic codes  e.g. Hamming codes  extended or generalised Hamming codes0.462
H03M13/6325Error control coding in combination with demodulation0.462
H04L1/006Trellis-coded modulation0.462
G01S5/0263by combining or switching between positions derived from two or more separate positioning systems0.462
H04W56/003Arrangements to increase tolerance to errors in transmission or reception timing0.462
H04L1/0043Realisations of complexity reduction techniques  e.g. use of look-up tables0.462
H04B7/18504Aircraft used as relay or high altitude atmospheric platform0.462
H04L1/003Adaptive formatting arrangements particular to signalling  e.g. variable amount of bits0.462
H04L1/1692Physical properties of the supervisory signal  e.g. acknowledgement by energy bursts0.462
H04W76/40for selective distribution or broadcast0.462
H04W52/243taking into account interferences0.462
H04W52/386centralized  e.g. when the radio network controller or equivalent takes part in the power control0.462
G01S19/48by combining or switching between position solutions derived from the satellite radio beacon positioning system and position solutions derived from a further system0.462
G01S5/02585at least one of the measurements being a non-radio measurement0.462
G01S5/0009Transmission of position information to remote stations | involving assistance data | (ref: G01S5/0236)0.462
H04L61/5069for group communication  multicast communication or broadcast communication0.461
H04L49/355Application aware switches  e.g. for HTTP0.461
H04L49/15Interconnection of switching modules0.461
H04L67/30Profiles0.461
H04L63/12Applying verification of the received information | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for data integrity or data verification | (ref: H04L9/32)0.461
H04L41/082the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality0.461
H04L12/2807Exchanging configuration information on appliance services in a home automation network | arrangements for maintenance or administration involving network analysis for automatically determining the actual topology of a network | (ref: H04L41/12)| | hardware or software tools for network management using graphical user interfaces | (ref: H04L41/22)| | address allocation | (ref: H04L61/50)0.461
H04W56/005compensating for timing error by adjustment in the receiver0.461
H04B3/542the information being in digital form0.461
G01S5/0221Receivers0.461
H04B7/204Multiple access0.460
H04L5/0014Three-dimensional division | time-code-space division | (ref: H04B7/0413)|   | (ref: H04B7/0697)0.460
H04L5/0003Two-dimensional division | time-code division | (ref: H04J11/00)|   | (ref: H04J13/00)| | for time-space division | (ref: H04B7/0413)|   | (ref: H04B7/0697)0.460
H04L27/362Modulation using more than one carrier  e.g. with quadrature carriers  separately amplitude modulated | (ref: H04L27/366)|  takes precedence0.460
H04L27/2035using a single or unspecified number of carriers0.460
H04L25/4927using levels matched to the quantisation levels of the channel0.460
H04B7/0615of weighted versions of same signal0.459
H04K3/827using characteristics of target signal or of transmission | as countermeasure against jamming | (ref: H04K3/25)|   e.g. using direct sequence spread spectrum or fast frequency hopping | spread spectrum techniques | (ref: H04B1/69)0.459
H04K3/25based on characteristics of target signal or of transmission | as countermeasure against surveillance | (ref: H04K3/827)|   e.g. using direct sequence spread spectrum or fast frequency hopping | spread spectrum techniques | (ref: H04B1/69)0.459
H02J50/20using microwaves or radio frequency waves0.459
G01S15/8909using a static transducer configuration0.459
G01S13/325using transmission of coded signals  e.g. P.S.K. signals0.459
H04J13/0059CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation]0.459
G01S7/003Transmission of data between radar  sonar or lidar systems and remote stations0.459
H04N19/188the unit being a video data packet  e.g. a network abstraction layer [NAL] unit0.459
H04N19/91Entropy coding  e.g. variable length coding [VLC] or arithmetic coding0.459
H04L69/166IP fragmentation| TCP segmentation0.459
H04L47/36by determining packet size  e.g. maximum transfer unit [MTU]0.459
H04B7/0814based on current reception conditions  e.g. switching to different antenna when signal level is below threshold0.458
H04B7/0686Hybrid systems  i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission0.458
H02J1/02Arrangements for reducing harmonics or ripples0.458
H04W88/16Gateway arrangements0.458
H04L5/0025Spatial division following the spatial signature of the channel0.458
H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart0.458
H04B7/0469taking special antenna structures  e.g. cross polarized antennas into account0.458
H04W80/12Application layer protocols  e.g. WAP [Wireless Application Protocol]0.458
H04W52/247where the output power of a terminal is based on a path parameter sent by another terminal0.457
H04W12/0471Key exchange0.457
H04W76/25Maintenance of established connections0.457
H04W12/0433Key management protocols0.457
H04W12/108Source integrity0.457
H03M13/1102Codes on graphs and decoding on graphs  e.g. low-density parity check [LDPC] codes0.457
H03M13/03Error detection or forward error correction by redundancy in data representation  i.e. code words containing more digits than the source words0.457
H03M13/6516Support of multiple code parameters  e.g. generalized Reed-Solomon decoder for a variety of generator polynomials or Galois fields0.457
H03M13/616Matrix operations  especially for generator matrices or check matrices  e.g. column or row permutations0.457
H03M13/6505Memory efficient implementations0.457
H04L1/0058Block-coded modulation0.457
H04W4/90Services for handling of emergency or hazardous situations  e.g. earthquake and tsunami warning systems [ETWS]0.456
H04W52/10Open loop power control0.455
H04J11/0053using co-ordinated multipoint transmission/reception | co-ordinated antenna or beam-forming aspects | (ref: H04B7/022)0.455
H04W72/1236using requested quality0.454
H04L47/2458Modification of priorities while in transit0.454
H04W28/02Traffic management  e.g. flow control or congestion control0.454
H04W4/38for collecting sensor information0.454
H04L43/18Protocol analysers0.454
H04L67/63Routing a service request depending on the request content or context0.454
H04L67/561Adding application-functional data or data for application control  e.g. adding metadata0.454
H04L67/60Scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests  e.g. requests for application data transmissions using the analysis and optimisation of the required network resources | admission control or resource allocation | (ref: H04L47/70)0.454
H04L67/563Data redirection of data network streams0.454
H03M7/3079Context modeling0.454
H04L47/38by adapting coding or compression rate0.454
G01S13/765with exchange of information between interrogator and responder0.453
G01S13/876Combination of several spaced transponders or reflectors of known location for determining the position of a receiver | (ref: G01S13/874)|  takes precedence0.453
G01S13/878Combination of several spaced transmitters or receivers of known location for determining the position of a transponder or a reflector | (ref: G01S13/874)|  takes precedence0.453
G01S5/0063of measured values  i.e. measurement on base station and position calculation on mobile0.453
H04B7/15528Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium0.453
G01S13/825with exchange of information between interrogator and responder0.453
H04L1/0053specially adapted for power saving0.453
H04W52/0248dependent on the time of the day  e.g. according to expected transmission activity0.453
G06N3/04Architectures  e.g. interconnection topology0.453
H04L7/06the synchronisation signals differing from the information signals in amplitude  polarity or frequency | or length0.452
H04L1/187Details of sliding window management0.452
H04W28/0231based on communication conditions | dynamic wireless traffic scheduling definition based on channel quality criteria | (ref: H04W72/1226)0.452
H04W56/0035detecting errors in frequency or phase0.452
H04W68/025Indirect paging0.452
H04B7/01Reducing phase shift0.452
H04B17/102of radiated power at antenna port0.452
H03M13/63Joint error correction and other techniques | (ref: H03M13/31)|  and | (ref: H03M13/33)|  take precedence0.451
H04L65/60Network streaming of media packets0.451
H03M13/3746with iterative decoding0.451
H04N7/22Adaptations for optical transmission0.451
H03M13/45Soft decoding  i.e. using symbol reliability information | (ref: H03M13/41)|  takes precedence0.451
H04L5/0076Allocation utility-based0.451
H04W92/20between access points0.451
H04W48/06based on traffic conditions0.451
H04W8/245from a network towards a terminal0.451
H04L47/15in relation to multipoint traffic | arrangements for broadcast or multicast in data networks | (ref: H04L12/18)0.451
H04L61/256NAT traversal0.450
H04L47/11Identifying congestion0.450
H04L47/70Admission control| Resource allocation0.450
H03M13/635Error control coding in combination with rate matching0.450
H03M13/6569Implementation on processors  e.g. DSPs  or software implementations0.450
H03M13/6561Parallelized implementations0.450
H04L65/612for unicast0.450
H04N19/117Filters  e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing | sub-band filter banks | (ref: H04N19/635)0.449
H04N19/167Position within a video image  e.g. region of interest [ROI]0.449
H04N19/174the region being a slice  e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks0.449
G01S13/751wherein the responder or reflector radiates a coded signal0.449
H04W36/14Reselecting a network or an air interface0.449
H04W36/38by fixed network equipment0.449
H04W52/0274by switching on or off the equipment or parts thereof0.449
H04W52/0254detecting a user operation or a tactile contact or a motion of the device0.449
G10L25/84for discriminating voice from noise0.449
H04W72/00Local resource management  e.g. wireless traffic scheduling or selection or allocation of wireless resources0.448
H04L65/00Network arrangements  protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication | real-time or near real-time messaging  e.g. instant messaging [IM] | (ref: H04L51/04)| | selective video distribution | (ref: H04N21/00)0.448
H04N19/46Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process | (ref: H04N19/517)|   | (ref: H04N19/68)|   | (ref: H04N19/70)|  take precedence0.448
H04L43/0888Throughput0.448
H04L65/1101Session protocols0.448
H04W52/362Aspects of the step size0.448
H04W40/244using a network of reference devices  e.g. beaconing0.448
H03M13/2906using block codes | (ref: H03M13/2957)|  takes precedence0.447
H04L1/0065Serial concatenated codes0.447
H04W74/04Scheduled | or contention-free|  access | (ref: H04W74/02)|  takes precedence0.447
H04L12/46Interconnection of networks0.446
H04L9/3271using challenge-response0.445
H04W12/009specially adapted for networks  e.g. wireless sensor networks  ad-hoc networks  RFID networks or cloud networks0.445
H04L9/0838Key agreement  i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by  or associated with  each of these | network architectures or network communication protocols for key exchange in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/061)0.445
H04L9/3273for mutual authentication | network architectures or network communication protocols for achieving mutual authentication in a packet data network | (ref: H04L63/0869)0.445
B66B1/3446Data transmission or communication within the control system0.445
B66B1/2458For elevator systems with multiple shafts and a single car per shaft0.445
B66B1/3461between the elevator control system and remote or mobile stations0.445
B66B1/3423Control system configuration  i.e. lay-out0.445
B66B1/06electric0.445
G06F21/606by securing the transmission between two devices or processes0.445
G01S5/02using radio waves | using satellite radio beacon systems for determining position | (ref: G01S19/00)0.445
H04B17/391Modelling the propagation channel0.445
G01S3/72Diversity systems specially adapted for direction-finding0.445
G01S5/0218Multipath in signal reception0.445
A61B17/7074Tools specially adapted for spinal fixation operations other than for bone removal or filler handling | (ref: A61B17/7062)|   | (ref: A61B17/808)|   | (ref: A61B17/8858)|  take precedence| for spinal image producing devices | (ref: A61B90/36)|   | (ref: A61B34/20)| | markers | (ref: A61B90/39)0.445
A61B17/8685comprising multiple separate parts0.445
H04L49/901using storage descriptor  e.g. read or write pointers0.445
A61B17/7002Longitudinal elements  e.g. rods0.445
H04B7/15585by interference cancellation0.445
G05B19/0421Multiprocessor system0.444
H04L27/2637with direct modulation of individual subcarriers0.444
H04W52/22taking into account previous information or commands0.444
H04W52/265taking into account the quality of service QoS0.444
H04W52/08Closed loop power control0.444
H04J11/0079Acquisition of downlink reference signals  e.g. detection of cell-ID0.443
H04W56/004compensating for timing error of reception due to propagation delay0.443
H04J11/005of intercell interference0.443
H03M13/2918with error correction codes in three or more dimensions  e.g. 3-dimensional product code where the bits are arranged in a cube0.442
H03M13/2948Iterative decoding | (ref: H03M13/2957)|  takes precedence0.442
H03M13/2939using convolutional codes | (ref: H03M13/2957)|  takes precedence0.442
H03M13/2927Decoding strategies0.442
G06F15/167using a common memory  e.g. mailbox0.442
G06F12/0692Multiconfiguration  e.g. local and global addressing0.442
G06F13/1663Access to shared memory0.442
G06F13/4022using switching circuits  e.g. switching matrix  connection or expansion network | (ref: G06F13/4009)|  takes precedence0.442
H04B7/14Relay systems0.441
G06F17/16Matrix or vector computation |   e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication  matrix factorization | matrix transposition | (ref: G06F7/78)0.441
H04L1/1829Arrangements specific to the receiver end0.441
H04L61/4511using domain name system [DNS]0.441
H04L61/255Maintenance or indexing of mapping tables0.441
H04M15/62based on trigger specification0.440
H04W4/24Accounting or billing0.440
H04M15/8044Least cost routing0.440
H04M15/8214Data or packet based0.440
H04M15/61based on the service used0.440
H04L12/14Charging |   metering or billing|  arrangements | for data wireline or wireless communications0.440
H04L1/203Details of error rate determination  e.g. BER  FER or WER0.440
G06Q40/02Banking  e.g. interest calculation  credit approval  mortgages  home banking or on-line banking0.440
H04L43/0823Errors  e.g. transmission errors0.440
H04W16/00Network planning  e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools| Network deployment  e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures0.440
H04L27/3422in which the constellation is not the n - fold Cartesian product of a single underlying two-dimensional constellation0.439
H04W52/04TPC0.439
H04L5/0001Arrangements for dividing the transmission path | duplexing | (ref: H04L5/14)| | multiplexing of different sources on one path | (ref: H04J)0.439
H04L47/31by tagging of packets  e.g. using discard eligibility [DE] bits0.439
H04J3/0661using timestamps0.439
H04L27/2623Reduction thereof by clipping0.439
H04B7/00Radio transmission systems  i.e. using radiation field | (ref: H04B10/00)|   | (ref: H04B15/00)|  take precedence0.439
H04L45/12Shortest path evaluation0.439
H04B7/0891Space-time diversity | rake receivers | (ref: H04B1/7115)| | space-time decoding | (ref: H04L1/0631)0.439
H04B17/21for calibration| for correcting measurements0.439
H04L27/3818using coherent demodulation  i.e. using one or more nominally phase synchronous carriers | (ref: H04L27/227)|  and | (ref: H04L27/389)|  take precedence0.439
H04W52/0277according to available power supply  e.g. switching off when a low battery condition is detected0.438
H04L49/557Error correction  e.g. fault recovery or fault tolerance0.438
H04L27/2656Frame synchronisation  e.g. packet synchronisation  time division duplex [TDD] switching point detection or subframe synchronisation0.438
H04B17/27for locating or positioning the transmitter0.438
H04B7/24for communication between two or more posts | wireless communication networks | (ref: H04W)0.437
H04L41/5003Managing SLA| Interaction between SLA and QoS0.437
H04L43/50Testing arrangements0.437
H04L43/0817by checking functioning0.437
H04W12/02Protecting privacy or anonymity  e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]0.437
H04B7/18563Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems | data switching networks | (ref: H04L12/00)0.437
H04W74/0858collision detection0.437
H04W48/00Access restriction | access security to prevent unauthorised access | (ref: H04W12/08)| Network selection| Access point selection0.437
G06F9/5005to service a request0.437
G06F12/084with a shared cache0.437
G06F12/1081for peripheral access to main memory  e.g. direct memory access [DMA]0.437
G06F12/0842for multiprocessing or multitasking0.437
G06F9/4418Suspend and resume| Hibernate and awake0.437
H04L67/568Storing data temporarily at an intermediate stage  e.g. caching0.437
G06F9/4812by interrupt  e.g. masked0.437
H04L12/12Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof0.437
G01S3/02using radio waves0.436
H04B17/15Performance testing0.436
H04B7/18519Operations control  administration or maintenance0.436
H04L1/1635Cumulative acknowledgement  i.e. the acknowledgement message applying to all previous messages0.436
H04L9/065Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements  e.g. stream cipher systems  RC4  SEAL or A5/30.436
H04L25/03178Arrangements involving sequence estimation techniques0.436
H04L25/03012operating in the time domain | (ref: H04L25/03165)|   | (ref: H04L25/03178)|  take precedence0.436
H03G3/3078Circuits generating control signals for digitally modulated signals0.436
H04L1/20using signal quality detector0.435
H04L12/40143involving priority mechanisms | hybrid switching fabrics | (ref: H04L12/6402)| | intermediate storage or scheduling | (ref: H04L49/90)| | time-division multiplex systems | (ref: H04J3/00)0.434
H04L12/40078Bus configuration | home automation networks | (ref: H04L12/2803)| | arrangements for maintenance or administration | (ref: H04L41/00)0.434
H04B1/0064with separate antennas for the more than one band | (ref: H04B1/0053)|  takes precedence0.434
H04B17/17Detection of non-compliance or faulty performance  e.g. response deviations | (ref: H04B17/18)|  takes precedence0.434
H04B17/19Self-testing arrangements0.434
H04B1/50using different frequencies for the two directions of communication0.434
H01Q3/267Phased-array testing or checking devices0.434
G01R29/10Radiation diagrams of antennas0.434
H04L5/1438Negotiation of transmission parameters prior to communication | modified according to link quality | (ref: H04L1/0001)0.434
H04L27/2657Carrier synchronisation0.434
H04W52/0261managing power supply demand  e.g. depending on battery level0.434
H04L65/1045Proxies  e.g. for session initiation protocol [SIP]0.434
H04L65/1046Call controllers| Call servers0.434
H04B7/068using space frequency diversity | space-frequency coding | (ref: H04L1/0606)0.434
H04B17/327Received signal code power [RSCP]0.434
G01S5/0244Accuracy or reliability of position solution or of measurements contributing thereto0.434
H04B10/50Transmitters0.434
H04B10/66Non-coherent receivers  e.g. using direct detection0.434
H04L47/35by embedding flow control information in regular packets  e.g. piggybacking0.433
H04L63/0245Filtering by information in the payload0.433
H04L47/33using forward notification0.433
H04L63/0209Architectural arrangements  e.g. perimeter networks or demilitarized zones0.433
H04L61/2503Translation of Internet protocol [IP] addresses0.433
H04L63/0263Rule management0.433
H04L41/145involving simulating  designing  planning or modelling of a network0.433
H04L41/147for predicting network behaviour0.433
H04L41/40using virtualisation of network functions or resources  e.g. SDN or NFV entities0.433
H04L45/26Route discovery packet0.433
H04L43/091Measuring contribution of individual network components to actual service level0.433
H04L41/5045Making service definitions prior to deployment0.433
H04L41/5009Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts  e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]0.433
H04L45/123Evaluation of link metrics | techniques for monitoring network metrics | (ref: H04L43/08)0.433
H04L47/2425for supporting services specification  e.g. SLA0.433
H04L41/5054Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager  e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components0.433
H04L27/3411reducing the peak to average power ratio or the mean power of the constellation| Arrangements for increasing the shape gain of a signal set0.431
H04L25/03318Provision of soft decisions0.431
G06N20/00Machine learning0.431
H04N19/30using hierarchical techniques  e.g. scalability | (ref: H04N19/63)|  takes precedence0.431
H04N19/182the unit being a pixel0.431
H04N19/172the region being a picture  frame or field0.431
H04N19/59involving spatial sub-sampling or interpolation  e.g. alteration of picture size or resolution0.431
H04N19/105Selection of the reference unit for prediction within a chosen coding or prediction mode  e.g. adaptive choice of position and number of pixels used for prediction0.431
H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks| Facilities therefor0.430
G01S1/06Means for providing multiple indication  e.g. coarse and fine indications0.430
H04L65/61for supporting one-way streaming services  e.g. Internet radio0.429
H04W52/02Power saving arrangements | in wired systems | (ref: H04L12/12)| | signaling of mobile application services  e.g. low battery notifications | (ref: H04W4/20)0.429
H04B17/104of other parameters  e.g. DC offset  delay or propagation times0.429
H02J50/12of the resonant type0.428
H04L12/10Current supply arrangements0.428
H04W4/022with dynamic range variability0.428
H04B7/0689using different transmission schemes  at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme0.428
H04W12/04Key management  e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]0.428
H03M13/3715Adaptation to the number of estimated errors or to the channel state0.428
H03M13/6522Intended application  e.g. transmission or communication standard0.428
H04L47/22Traffic shaping0.428
H04L47/2416Real-time traffic0.428
H04J14/0267Optical signaling or routing | routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks | (ref: H04L45/00)0.428
H04B10/556Digital modulation  e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK]0.428
H04L47/826Involving periods of time0.428
H04B7/0426Power distribution0.427
H04L27/32Carrier systems characterised by combinations of two or more of the types covered by groups | (ref: H04L27/02)|   | (ref: H04L27/10)|   | (ref: H04L27/18)|  or | (ref: H04L27/26)0.427
H04L27/366Arrangements for compensating undesirable properties of the transmission path between the modulator and the demodulator0.427
H03M13/136Reed-Muller [RM] codes0.427
H04L67/01Protocols0.427
H04L63/06for supporting key management in a packet data network | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for key management | (ref: H04L9/08)0.427
H04L27/2085with more than one phase shift per symbol period0.427
H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries0.427
B60L53/66Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles0.427
B60L53/12Inductive energy transfer0.427
H02J7/02for charging batteries from ac mains by converters0.427
B60L53/305Communication interfaces0.427
B60L53/68Off-site monitoring or control  e.g. remote control0.427
H02J7/0042characterised by the mechanical construction0.427
H04L12/4135using bit-wise arbitration0.426
H04L63/1408by monitoring network traffic | monitoring network traffic | per se|  | (ref: H04L43/00)0.426
H04L49/3063Pipelined operation0.426
H04L45/70Routing based on monitoring results0.426
H04L43/062related to network traffic0.426
H04L41/0677Localisation of faults0.426
H04N21/2187Live feed0.426
H04N21/6375for requesting retransmission |   e.g. of data packets lost or corrupted during transmission from server| ARQ protocols | (ref: H04L1/18)| | implementation or adaptation of Internet protocol [IP]  of transmission control protocol [TCP] or of user datagram protocol [UDP] | (ref: H04L69/16)0.426
H04N21/2381Adapting the multiplex stream to a specific network  e.g. an Internet Protocol [IP] network | transmission of MPEG streams over ATM | (ref: H04L12/5601)0.426
H04L65/762at the source  | reformatting of additional data in video distribution servers | (ref: H04N21/2355)0.426
H04N21/6338directed to network0.426
H04J3/0641Change of the master or reference  e.g. take-over or failure of the master0.426
H04L2012/5647Cell loss0.120
H04L2001/0092Error control systems characterised by the topology of the transmission link0.100
H04L25/0222Estimation of channel variability  e.g. coherence bandwidth  coherence time  fading frequency0.097
Y02D30/70in wireless communication networks0.094
H04L49/354for supporting virtual local area networks [VLAN]0.092
H04L45/66Layer 2 routing  e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's0.092
H04L27/2078in which the phase change per symbol period is constrained | coset coding | (ref: H04L27/186)0.091
H04L27/2046in which the data are represented by carrier phase0.091
H04L27/12Modulator circuits| Transmitter circuits0.091
H04L41/16using machine learning or artificial intelligence0.091
H04L41/14Network analysis or design0.091
H04L2001/0098Unequal error protection0.091
H04L2001/0093Point-to-multipoint0.090
H04W36/023Buffering or recovering information during reselection0.090
H04W36/0066of control information between different types of networks in order to establish a new radio link in the target network0.090
H04L2101/686using dual-stack hosts  e.g. in Internet protocol version 4 [IPv4]/Internet protocol version 6 [IPv6] networks0.090
H03M13/6381Rate compatible punctured turbo [RCPT] codes0.090
H04Q2011/0073Provisions for forwarding or routing  e.g. lookup tables0.089
H04Q2011/0077Labelling aspects  e.g. multiprotocol label switching [MPLS]  G-MPLS  MPAS0.089
H04Q2011/0064Arbitration  scheduling or medium access control aspects0.089
H04L67/567Integrating service provisioning from a plurality of service providers0.088
H04L47/2491Mapping quality of service [QoS] requirements between different networks0.087
H04W40/36due to handover0.087
H04L27/26362Subcarrier weighting equivalent to time domain filtering  e.g. weighting per subcarrier multiplication | arrangements for removing intersymbol interference at the transmitter end | (ref: H04L25/03343)0.087
H04L5/0066Requirements on out-of-channel emissions0.086
H04W84/005Moving wireless networks0.085
H04L2025/03414Multicarrier0.085
H04W84/042Public Land Mobile systems  e.g. cellular systems0.085
H04L41/34Signalling channels for network management communication0.084
H04L41/04Network management architectures or arrangements0.084
H04L2212/00Encapsulation of packets0.084
H04L2101/672Short addresses0.084
H04L2001/0096Channel splitting in point-to-point links0.084
H04L2001/0097Relays0.084
H04L2001/0094Bus0.084
H04L7/044using a single bit  e.g. start stop bit0.084
H04J3/0658Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes0.084
G06F2213/0026PCI express0.083
H04B7/086using weights depending on external parameters  e.g. direction of arrival [DOA]  predetermined weights or beamforming0.083
H04L2209/80Wireless | network architectures or network communication protocols for wireless network security | (ref: H04W12/00)0.083
H04L2209/805Lightweight hardware  e.g. radio-frequency identification [RFID] or sensor0.083
H03M13/2957Turbo codes and decoding0.082
H03M13/23using convolutional codes  e.g. unit memory codes0.082
H04W16/10Dynamic resource partitioning0.081
H04B2001/1045Adjacent-channel interference0.081
H04W88/12Access point controller devices0.081
G01S13/76wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted0.081
G01S2205/01specially adapted for specific applications0.081
H04L61/5014using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]0.081
G06Q20/16Payments settled via telecommunication systems0.080
G06F2009/45595Network integration| Enabling network access in virtual machine instances0.080
H04W84/045using private Base Stations  e.g. femto Base Stations  home Node B0.080
H04L2101/622Layer-2 addresses  e.g. medium access control [MAC] addresses0.080
H04W12/00Security arrangements| Authentication| Protecting privacy or anonymity0.080
H04L2012/40215Controller Area Network CAN0.079
H04L2012/40273the transportation system being a vehicle0.079
H04W88/10adapted for operation in multiple networks  e.g. multi-mode access points0.079
H04B2203/5408using protocols0.079
H04B7/185Space-based or airborne stations| | Stations for satellite systems| (ref: H04B7/204)|  takes precedence0.078
H04L51/18Commands or executable codes0.078
H04L2101/604Address structures or formats0.078
H04L51/00User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks  transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols  e.g. e-mail0.078
H04L2101/659Internet protocol version 6 [IPv6] addresses0.078
H04L12/56Packet switching systems0.078
H04L67/52specially adapted for the location of the user terminal0.078
Y04S40/18Network protocols supporting networked applications  e.g. including control of end-device applications over a network0.078
Y04S40/20Information technology specific aspects  e.g. CAD  simulation  modelling  system security0.078
H04L67/535Tracking the activity of the user | network monitoring arrangements | (ref: H04L43/00)| | recording of computer activity | (ref: G06F11/34)0.078
H04W80/045involving different protocol versions  e.g. MIPv4 and MIPv60.078
H04L45/121by minimising delays0.078
G06N3/006based on simulated virtual individual or collective life forms  e.g. single "avatar"  social simulations  virtual worlds or particle swarm optimisation0.078
G06N3/0472using probabilistic elements  e.g. p-rams  stochastic processors0.078
H04W92/02Inter-networking arrangements0.078
H04W84/22with access to wired networks0.078
H04L2012/2843Mains power line0.078
H04B2203/5416by adding signals to the wave form of the power source0.078
H04B2203/5445Local network0.078
G06T15/10Geometric effects0.078
G06T2207/10028Range image| Depth image| 3D point clouds0.078
G06T15/08Volume rendering0.078
G06T15/003D [Three Dimensional] image rendering0.078
H04W36/04Reselecting a cell layer in multi-layered cells0.078
H04W80/06Transport layer protocols  e.g. TCP [Transport Control Protocol] over wireless | transmission control protocol/Internet protocol [TCP/IP] or user datagram protocol [UDP] | (ref: H04L69/16)0.078
H04W4/027using movement velocity  acceleration information0.077
G06F2115/02System on chip [SoC] design0.077
G06F12/1027using associative or pseudo-associative address translation means  e.g. translation look-aside buffer [TLB]0.077
G06F2115/08Intellectual property [IP] blocks or IP cores0.077
H04L2027/0026Correction of carrier offset0.077
H04W4/14Short messaging services  e.g. short message services [SMS] or unstructured supplementary service data [USSD]0.077
H04W76/23Manipulation of direct-mode connections0.077
H04B2201/692Cognitive radio0.077
H04B2001/7152with means for suppressing interference0.077
H04B1/7156Arrangements for sequence synchronisation0.077
H04B2001/6908using time hopping0.077
G01S2205/008using a mobile telephone network0.077
H04L61/5007Internet protocol [IP] addresses0.077
H04L2101/668Internet protocol [IP] address subnets0.077
H04L2101/618Details of network addresses0.077
H04L1/1838for semi-reliable protocols  e.g. for less sensitive applications such as streaming video | buffer level management for video bitstream receiver | (ref: H04N21/44004)0.077
H04K1/003by varying carrier frequency at or within predetermined or random intervals | (ref: H04K1/04)|  takes precedence0.077
H04K1/06by transmitting the information or elements thereof at unnatural speeds or in jumbled order or backwards0.077
H04K2203/18for wireless local area networks or WLAN0.077
H04K2203/16for telephony0.077
H04L47/805QOS or priority aware0.076
H04R2225/55Communication between hearing aids and external devices via a network for data exchange0.076
H04R2499/11Transducers incorporated or for use in hand-held devices  e.g. mobile phones  PDA's  camera's0.076
H04R2460/03Aspects of the reduction of energy consumption in hearing devices0.076
H04R2225/61Aspects relating to mechanical or electronic switches or control elements  e.g. functioning0.076
H04W92/14between access point controllers and backbone network device0.076
H04W92/24between backbone network devices0.076
G01S5/12by co-ordinating position lines of different shape  e.g. hyperbolic  circular  elliptical or radial0.075
H04J2011/0096Network synchronisation0.075
H03M13/3905Maximum a posteriori probability [MAP] decoding or approximations thereof based on trellis or lattice decoding  e.g. forward-backward algorithm  log-MAP decoding  max-log-MAP decoding0.075
H03M13/4138soft-output Viterbi algorithm based decoding  i.e. Viterbi decoding with weighted decisions0.075
H04W40/00Communication routing or communication path finding0.075
H04L47/19at layers above the network layer | network arrangements for networked applications for scheduling or organising the servicing of application requests | (ref: H04L67/60)0.075
H04L1/0078Avoidance of errors by organising the transmitted data in a format specifically designed to deal with errors  e.g. location | forward error control  e.g. FEC  CRC | (ref: H04L1/004)| | adaptive formatting | (ref: H04L1/0006)| | mappings | (ref: H04L27/00)0.075
H04L2012/40293the transportation system being a train0.075
H04L67/125involving control of end-device applications over a network0.075
H04N19/124Quantisation0.075
H04N19/55Motion estimation with spatial constraints  e.g. at image or region borders0.075
H04M2250/02including a Bluetooth interface0.075
G10L2025/786Adaptive threshold0.075
H04B2201/698relating to Uplink0.075
H04W36/00Hand-off or reselection arrangements0.075
H04L63/0869for achieving mutual authentication | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for mutual authentication | (ref: H04L9/3273)0.074
B66B2201/235Taking into account predicted future events  e.g. predicted future call inputs0.074
A61B2017/564Methods for bone or joint treatment0.074
H04L45/18Loop-free operations0.074
G05B2219/2231Master slave0.074
G05B2219/1215Master slave system0.074
H04L2012/4026Bus for use in automation systems0.074
H04W52/248where transmission power control commands are generated based on a path parameter0.074
H04W84/06Airborne or Satellite Networks | space-based or airborne stations | (ref: H04B7/185)0.074
H04J2013/0037Multilevel codes0.074
H04J2011/0009with FDM/FDMA0.074
Y02D10/00Energy efficient computing  e.g. low power processors  power management or thermal management0.074
G06F2212/1048Scalability0.074
G06F2212/1024Latency reduction0.074
H04W92/045between access point and backbone network device0.074
H04W52/343taking into account loading or congestion level0.073
H04L41/5041characterised by the time relationship between creation and deployment of a service0.073
H04Q2011/0079Operation or maintenance aspects0.073
H04L2025/03726Switching between algorithms0.073
H04W28/0221power availability or consumption0.073
H04W60/06De-registration or detaching0.073
H04L2027/002using feedback from a remote receiver0.073
H04J2211/005Long term evolution [LTE]0.073
H04B2001/6904using code hopping0.073
H04L12/1845broadcast or multicast in a specific location  e.g. geocast | protocols for adapting network applications to user terminal location | (ref: H04L67/52)| | services specially adapted for wireless communication networks making use of the location of users or terminals | (ref: H04W4/02)0.073
G06F2009/45579I/O management  e.g. providing access to device drivers or storage0.073
G06F2009/45583Memory management  e.g. access or allocation0.073
Y02B70/30Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads  i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector  including also the last stages of power distribution and the control  monitoring or operating management systems at local level0.073
Y02D30/50in wire-line communication networks  e.g. low power modes or reduced link rate0.073
H04L25/00Baseband systems0.072
H04L2001/125Arrangements for preventing errors in the return channel0.072
H04L2012/40208characterized by the use of a particular bus standard0.072
H01Q9/265Open ring dipoles| Circular dipoles0.072
H01Q21/08the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path | waveguide fed | (ref: H01Q21/0037)0.072
H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane  e.g. patch antenna | dipole | (ref: H01Q9/285)| | monopole | (ref: H01Q9/40)0.072
G01R31/2822of microwave or radiofrequency circuits | of attenuation  gain  e.g. using network analyzers | (ref: G01R27/28)0.072
G01R31/311of integrated circuits | (ref: G01R31/31728)|  takes precedence0.072
G01R31/2856Internal circuit aspects  e.g. built-in test features| Test chips| Measuring material aspects  e.g. electro migration [EM]0.072
G01S2205/001Transmission of position information to remote stations0.072
H04L7/04Speed or phase control by synchronisation signals | (ref: H04L7/0075)|  takes precedence0.072
H04J3/0691Synchronisation in a TDM node0.072
H04L5/1461Suppression of signals in the return path  i.e. bidirectional control circuits0.072
Y04S20/20End-user application control systems0.071
H04L67/303Terminal profiles0.071
H04Q2011/0088Signalling aspects0.071
H04L27/3444by applying a certain rotation to regular constellations0.071
H04L5/06the signals being represented by different frequencies | combined with time-division multiplexing | (ref: H04L5/26)0.071
H04L2463/061applying further key derivation  e.g. deriving traffic keys from a pair-wise master key | cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords | (ref: H04L9/0861)0.071
H04L2025/03751only once  at installation | (ref: H04L2025/03738)|  takes precedence0.071
Y04S30/12Remote or cooperative charging0.071
Y02T90/167Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles  i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]0.071
Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility  e.g. batteries0.071
Y02T90/16Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles0.071
Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries  ultracapacitors  supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors0.071
Y02T90/12Electric charging stations0.071
Y02T90/14Plug-in electric vehicles0.071
G06F2213/40Bus coupling0.071
H04L41/0672by re-configuring the faulty entity0.071
H04L45/7453using hashing0.071
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