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Thank you for participating in today’s experiment. Please switch off your cell phone, do not talk to other participants, and do not communicate with others using the PC.

You have been randomly assigned to a group of 4 people – but will only conduct this experiment by yourself. You will not be made aware of the identity of the others in your group (or any other group) at any time – neither will anyone else be made aware of your identity. During the experiment, no one is allowed to communicate with anyone else.

Everyone in the group has been given 100 tokens as an endowment in addition to the show-up fee. All of you will receive this endowment in every round of this experiment. In the experiment, you can freely decide how much of this amount to keep for yourself and how much to contribute to the joint group account. Everyone in the group will make this choice, and is allowed to contribute any amount between 0 and 100 tokens.

The sum of all contributions from all four group members will be doubled by the experimenter and the resulting total amount in the group account will then be divided among the four people in the group, irrespective of what they have contributed. A group manager decides how much of the group account everyone receives. You have randomly been selected as the manager and you will decide the amounts that everyone will receive from the group account. It is entirely up to you how much you give to the others and how much you keep for yourself; you just need to make sure that there are no remaining tokens in the group account at the end of every round. Your role as the manager is important as you can significantly shape everyone’s earnings. Before you decide upon everyone’s shares, you will obtain information concerning each group member’s individual contribution, which can range between 0 (zero) and 100 (one hundred) tokens, and which is displayed in a decision window at the right-hand side of the screen. Only you, as the manager, can see this window. It uses the following abbreviations:

The Actual Payout is what you, as the manager, need to decide for every group member (including yourself) and what you fill in the box within the decision window in every round. The group account needs to be empty after every round. It may occur that you wish to equally divide the group account among all group members, but that this is not possible because numbers are difficult to divide. In this case you have an option to equal allocate the remaining amount (i.e. the residual) by simply ticking the corresponding box in the decision window. Keep in mind that the remaining residual is any amount of tokens that remains after you have allocated the Actual Payout – either to everyone or only a subset of the other participants. The remaining residual will be equally divided by the computer (e.g. 1 remaining tokens would result in 0.25 tokens for everyone), and added to the amount that this person initially decided to keep. When you have completed your allocations, the computer will ask you to confirm your decisions. Make sure you check the actual numbers before your click on the confirm button.

You will engage in this experiment over 12 rounds . In each round, the others and you make the same decisions, i.e. you and the other group members will decide how much to keep and how much to contribute to the group account. At the beginning of the next round the others will see what you did in the previous round. All this information is displayed to everyone using the following abbreviations:

The actual real earnings will be displayed with the following colours:

Note that truncated numbers without decimals are displayed for everyone. The computer calculates your earnings with decimals. Your task is to maximize your accumulated real earnings.

If you have any questions please raise a hand and an instructor will come to you.