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Situation Description

In a study conducted at the economic laboratory, Person A is randomly placed in a group with 15 other participants. The pairing is anonymous, meaning that none of the participants will ever know the identity of the other participants with whom he or she is grouped.

In the experiment, all group members will simultaneously make a choice and the experimenter will record this choice. Afterwards, all individuals will be informed of the choices made by the other group members and will be paid money based on the choices made by the individuals of the group, as well as a small participation fee. Suppose that neither individual will receive any other money for participating in the experiment.

Each member of the group must simultaneously choose between two possible actions: action X or action Y. The actions that the individuals choose will determine how much money they will earn. The payments that individuals can earn are determined as follows:

Since the decisions are made simultaneously, Person A does not know the decisions of the other members of the group. The other members of the group do not know Person A's decision, nor the decisions of the other individuals.

For example, if Person A selects action X, Person A and all other individuals who also selected action X earn 5€. On the other hand, all individuals who selected action Y earn 10€. If Person A selects action Y, Person A and all individuals who selected action Y earn 10€ if at least one individual in the group selected action X, and 0€ if no one in the group selected action X. Note that individuals who select action X will earn 5€, regardless of how many individuals in the group select action X.

The decisions of the individuals will be made with the help of an urn. Each individual will have their own urn. Each individual must fill their urn with a total of five balls (which can be green or blue). A blue ball represents choosing action X, and a green ball represents choosing action Y. The balls determine the choices of the individuals. If an individual wants to choose X, he/she must put five blue balls in the urn. If an individual wants to choose Y, he/she must put five green balls in the urn. If an individual wants to choose X with some probability, he/she must put green and blue balls in the urn. Each blue ball represents a 20% probability of choosing X, and each green ball represents a 20% probability of choosing Y. For example, if Person A puts two blue balls and three green balls in the urn, he/she will choose X with a 40% probability and Y with a 60% probability. Once all individuals have finished putting the balls in their urns, one ball from each urn will be randomly selected to determine the decision of each individual.

Before you evaluate the actions of Person A please answer the following comprehension questions in the next page.

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