Package evaluation to test ClusterPermutationTests on Julia 1.14.0-DEV.3071 (c76331c927*) started at 2026-09-02T08:24:52.121 ################################################################################ # Set-up # Installing PkgEval dependencies (TestEnv)... Activating project at `~/.julia/environments/v1.14` Set-up completed after 16.02s ################################################################################ # Installation # Installing ClusterPermutationTests... Resolving package versions... Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.14/Project.toml` [e3bc594e] + ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.14/Manifest.toml` [7d9f7c33] + Accessors v0.1.45 [79e6a3ab] + Adapt v4.7.0 [66dad0bd] + AliasTables v1.1.3 [946dddda] + AnovaBase v0.9.0 [0a47a8e3] + AnovaGLM v0.2.9 [6832ca0c] + AnovaMixedModels v0.3.2 [4c555306] + ArrayLayouts v1.12.2 [69666777] + Arrow v2.8.1 [31f734f8] + ArrowTypes v2.3.0 [093aae92] + BSplineKit v0.19.2 [aae01518] + BandedMatrices v1.12.0 [c3b6d118] + BitIntegers v0.3.7 [fa961155] + CEnum v0.5.0 [336ed68f] + CSV v0.10.17 [324d7699] + CategoricalArrays v1.1.1 [e3bc594e] + ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 [5ba52731] + CodecLz4 v0.4.6 [944b1d66] + CodecZlib v0.7.9 [6b39b394] + CodecZstd v0.8.7 [861a8166] + Combinatorics v1.1.0 [38540f10] + CommonSolve v0.2.14 [bbf7d656] + CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1 [f70d9fcc] + CommonWorldInvalidations v1.2.0 [34da2185] + Compat v4.18.1 [a33af91c] + CompositionsBase v0.1.2 [f0e56b4a] + ConcurrentUtilities v2.6.0 [187b0558] + ConstructionBase v1.6.0 [9a962f9c] + DataAPI v1.16.0 [864edb3b] + DataStructures v0.19.6 [e2d170a0] + DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0 [8bb1440f] + DelimitedFiles v1.9.1 [85a47980] + Dictionaries v0.4.6 [163ba53b] + DiffResults v1.1.0 [b552c78f] + DiffRules v1.16.0 [0703355e] + DimensionalData v0.30.2 [31c24e10] + Distributions v0.25.131 [ffbed154] + DocStringExtensions v0.9.5 [4e289a0a] + EnumX v1.0.7 [e2ba6199] + ExprTools v0.1.11 [411431e0] + Extents v0.1.6 [442a2c76] + FastGaussQuadrature v1.3.0 [48062228] + FilePathsBase v0.9.24 [1a297f60] + FillArrays v1.17.0 [f6369f11] + ForwardDiff v1.4.5 [38e38edf] + GLM v1.9.5 [a0844989] + Gamma v1.2.0 [34004b35] + HypergeometricFunctions v0.3.30 [09f84164] + HypothesisTests v0.11.8 [615f187c] + IfElse v0.1.1 [313cdc1a] + Indexing v1.1.1 [842dd82b] + InlineStrings v1.4.5 [85a1e053] + Interfaces v0.3.2 [8197267c] + IntervalSets v0.7.14 [3587e190] + InverseFunctions v0.1.17 [41ab1584] + InvertedIndices v1.3.1 [92d709cd] + IrrationalConstants v0.2.6 [82899510] + IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0 [692b3bcd] + JLLWrappers v1.8.0 [682c06a0] + JSON v1.7.1 [2ab3a3ac] + LogExpFunctions v1.0.1 [1914dd2f] + MacroTools v0.5.16 [e1d29d7a] + Missings v1.2.0 [ff71e718] + MixedModels v5.9.0 [7e9fb7ac] + MixedModelsDatasets v0.2.3 [78c3b35d] + Mocking v0.8.1 [76087f3c] + NLopt v1.2.1 [77ba4419] + NaNMath v1.1.4 [bac558e1] + OrderedCollections v2.0.1 [90014a1f] + PDMats v0.11.41 ⌅ [69de0a69] + Parsers v2.8.7 [2dfb63ee] + PooledArrays v1.4.3 [aea7be01] + PrecompileTools v1.3.4 [21216c6a] + Preferences v1.5.2 [92933f4c] + ProgressMeter v1.11.0 [43287f4e] + PtrArrays v1.4.0 [1fd47b50] + QuadGK v2.11.3 [27983f2f] + RectangularFullPacked v0.2.1 [189a3867] + Reexport v1.2.2 [545c379f] + RegressionFormulae v0.1.4 [ae029012] + Requires v1.3.1 [79098fc4] + Rmath v0.9.0 [f2b01f46] + Roots v3.0.7 [431bcebd] + SciMLPublic v1.3.0 [6c6a2e73] + Scratch v1.3.0 [91c51154] + SentinelArrays v1.4.10 [1277b4bf] + ShiftedArrays v2.0.0 [a2af1166] + SortingAlgorithms v1.2.3 [276daf66] + SpecialFunctions v2.9.0 [03a91e81] + SplitApplyCombine v1.3.0 [aedffcd0] + Static v1.4.6 [90137ffa] + StaticArrays v1.9.19 [1e83bf80] + StaticArraysCore v1.4.4 [10745b16] + Statistics v1.11.4 [82ae8749] + StatsAPI v1.8.0 [2913bbd2] + StatsBase v0.34.13 [4c63d2b9] + StatsFuns v2.2.1 [3eaba693] + StatsModels v0.7.10 ⌅ [354b36f9] + StringViews v1.3.7 [ec057cc2] + StructUtils v2.8.5 [dc5dba14] + TZJData v1.5.1+2025b [3783bdb8] + TableTraits v1.0.1 [bd369af6] + Tables v1.14.0 [f269a46b] + TimeZones v1.22.2 [3bb67fe8] + TranscodingStreams v0.11.3 [9d95f2ec] + TypedTables v1.4.6 [ea10d353] + WeakRefStrings v1.4.3 [76eceee3] + WorkerUtilities v1.6.1 [5ced341a] + Lz4_jll v1.10.1+0 [079eb43e] + NLopt_jll v2.11.0+0 [efe28fd5] + OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0 [f50d1b31] + Rmath_jll v0.5.2+0 [0dad84c5] + ArgTools v1.2.0 [56f22d72] + Artifacts v1.11.0 [2a0f44e3] + Base64 v1.11.0 [ade2ca70] + Dates v1.11.0 [8ba89e20] + Distributed v1.12.0 [f43a241f] + Downloads v1.7.0 [7b1f6079] + FileWatching v1.11.0 [9fa8497b] + Future v1.11.0 [b77e0a4c] + InteractiveUtils v1.11.0 [ac6e5ff7] + JuliaSyntaxHighlighting v1.13.0 [b27032c2] + LibCURL v1.0.0 [8f399da3] + Libdl v1.11.0 [37e2e46d] + LinearAlgebra v1.14.0 [56ddb016] + Logging v1.11.0 [d6f4376e] + Markdown v1.11.0 [a63ad114] + Mmap v1.11.0 [ca575930] + NetworkOptions v1.3.0 [de0858da] + Printf v1.11.0 [3fa0cd96] + REPL v1.11.0 [9a3f8284] + Random v1.11.0 [ea8e919c] + SHA v1.13.0 [9e88b42a] + Serialization v1.11.0 [6462fe0b] + Sockets v1.11.0 [2f01184e] + SparseArrays v1.13.0 [f489334b] + StyledStrings v1.13.0 [4607b0f0] + SuiteSparse [fa267f1f] + TOML v1.0.3 [cf7118a7] + UUIDs v1.11.0 [4ec0a83e] + Unicode v1.11.0 [e66e0078] + CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.5.7+0 [deac9b47] + LibCURL_jll v8.21.0+0 [29816b5a] + LibSSH2_jll v1.11.104+0 [14a3606d] + MozillaCACerts_jll v2026.8.13 [4536629a] + OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.34+0 [05823500] + OpenLibm_jll v0.8.7+0 [458c3c95] + OpenSSL_jll v3.5.8+0 [bea87d4a] + SuiteSparse_jll v7.10.1+0 [83775a58] + Zlib_jll v1.3.2+0 [3161d3a3] + Zstd_jll v1.5.7+1 [8e850b90] + libblastrampoline_jll v5.15.0+0 [8e850ede] + nghttp2_jll v1.70.0+0 [3f19e933] + p7zip_jll v17.8.2+0 Info Packages marked with ⌅ have new versions available but compatibility constraints restrict them from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m` Installation completed after 5.6s ################################################################################ # Precompilation # Precompiling PkgEval dependencies... ┌ Warning: Could not use exact versions of packages in manifest, re-resolving └ @ TestEnv ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/sTG3E/src/julia-1.13/activate_set.jl:78 Precompiling package dependencies... Precompiling project... 3.7 s ✓ DimensionalData → DimensionalDataCategoricalArraysExt 146.5 s ✓ MixedModels 29.9 s ✓ MixedModels → MixedModelsForwardDiffExt 31.5 s ✓ AnovaMixedModels 36.8 s ✓ ClusterPermutationTests 5 dependencies successfully precompiled in 252 seconds. 197 already precompiled. Precompilation completed after 274.13s ################################################################################ # Testing # Testing ClusterPermutationTests Test Could not use exact versions of packages in manifest, re-resolving. Note: if you do not check your manifest file into source control, then you can probably ignore this message. However, if you do check your manifest file into source control, then you probably want to pass the `allow_reresolve = false` kwarg when calling the `Pkg.test` function. Updating `/tmp/jl_sM7Vum/Project.toml` [4c88cf16] + Aqua v0.8.16 [e3bc594e] + ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 [523fee87] + CodecBzip2 v0.8.5 ⌃ [ff71e718] ↓ MixedModels v5.9.0 ⇒ v5.7.0 ⌅ [7e9fb7ac] ↓ MixedModelsDatasets v0.2.3 ⇒ v0.1.2 [df47a6cb] + RData v1.1.0 [8dfed614] ~ Test ⇒ v1.11.0 Updating `/tmp/jl_sM7Vum/Manifest.toml` [4c88cf16] + Aqua v0.8.16 [e3bc594e] + ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 [523fee87] + CodecBzip2 v0.8.5 [a8cc5b0e] + Crayons v4.2.0 [a93c6f00] + DataFrames v1.8.2 [8bb1440f] - DelimitedFiles v1.9.1 [5789e2e9] + FileIO v1.20.0 [682c06a0] - JSON v1.7.1 [0f8b85d8] + JSON3 v1.14.3 [deprecated] [b964fa9f] + LaTeXStrings v1.4.1 ⌃ [ff71e718] ↓ MixedModels v5.9.0 ⇒ v5.7.0 ⌅ [7e9fb7ac] ↓ MixedModelsDatasets v0.2.3 ⇒ v0.1.2 [08abe8d2] + PrettyTables v3.4.8 [df47a6cb] + RData v1.1.0 [27983f2f] - RectangularFullPacked v0.2.1 ⌅ [892a3eda] + StringManipulation v0.5.0 [856f2bd8] + StructTypes v1.11.0 [ec057cc2] - StructUtils v2.8.5 [6e34b625] + Bzip2_jll v1.0.9+0 [4af54fe1] + LazyArtifacts v1.11.0 [76f85450] + LibGit2 v1.11.0 [44cfe95a] + Pkg v1.14.0 [a4e569a6] + Tar v1.10.0 [8dfed614] ~ Test ⇒ v1.11.0 [e37daf67] + LibGit2_jll v1.9.7+0 [efcefdf7] + PCRE2_jll v10.47.0+0 Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. To see why use `status --outdated -m` Info Packages marked with [deprecated] are no longer maintained. Use `status --deprecated -m` to see more information. Test Successfully re-resolved Status `/tmp/jl_sM7Vum/Project.toml` [6832ca0c] AnovaMixedModels v0.3.2 [4c88cf16] Aqua v0.8.16 [336ed68f] CSV v0.10.17 [324d7699] CategoricalArrays v1.1.1 [e3bc594e] ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 [523fee87] CodecBzip2 v0.8.5 [9a962f9c] DataAPI v1.16.0 [0703355e] DimensionalData v0.30.2 [38e38edf] GLM v1.9.5 [09f84164] HypothesisTests v0.11.8 ⌃ [ff71e718] MixedModels v5.7.0 ⌅ [7e9fb7ac] MixedModelsDatasets v0.1.2 [92933f4c] ProgressMeter v1.11.0 [df47a6cb] RData v1.1.0 [189a3867] Reexport v1.2.2 [03a91e81] SplitApplyCombine v1.3.0 [82ae8749] StatsAPI v1.8.0 [2913bbd2] StatsBase v0.34.13 [3eaba693] StatsModels v0.7.10 [bd369af6] Tables v1.14.0 [9d95f2ec] TypedTables v1.4.6 [f43a241f] Downloads v1.7.0 [56ddb016] Logging v1.11.0 [9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0 [8dfed614] Test v1.11.0 Status `/tmp/jl_sM7Vum/Manifest.toml` [7d9f7c33] Accessors v0.1.45 [79e6a3ab] Adapt v4.7.0 [66dad0bd] AliasTables v1.1.3 [946dddda] AnovaBase v0.9.0 [0a47a8e3] AnovaGLM v0.2.9 [6832ca0c] AnovaMixedModels v0.3.2 [4c88cf16] Aqua v0.8.16 [4c555306] ArrayLayouts v1.12.2 [69666777] Arrow v2.8.1 [31f734f8] ArrowTypes v2.3.0 [093aae92] BSplineKit v0.19.2 [aae01518] BandedMatrices v1.12.0 [c3b6d118] BitIntegers v0.3.7 [fa961155] CEnum v0.5.0 [336ed68f] CSV v0.10.17 [324d7699] CategoricalArrays v1.1.1 [e3bc594e] ClusterPermutationTests v0.4.6 [523fee87] CodecBzip2 v0.8.5 [5ba52731] CodecLz4 v0.4.6 [944b1d66] CodecZlib v0.7.9 [6b39b394] CodecZstd v0.8.7 [861a8166] Combinatorics v1.1.0 [38540f10] CommonSolve v0.2.14 [bbf7d656] CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1 [f70d9fcc] CommonWorldInvalidations v1.2.0 [34da2185] Compat v4.18.1 [a33af91c] CompositionsBase v0.1.2 [f0e56b4a] ConcurrentUtilities v2.6.0 [187b0558] ConstructionBase v1.6.0 [a8cc5b0e] Crayons v4.2.0 [9a962f9c] DataAPI v1.16.0 [a93c6f00] DataFrames v1.8.2 [864edb3b] DataStructures v0.19.6 [e2d170a0] DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0 [85a47980] Dictionaries v0.4.6 [163ba53b] DiffResults v1.1.0 [b552c78f] DiffRules v1.16.0 [0703355e] DimensionalData v0.30.2 [31c24e10] Distributions v0.25.131 [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.5 [4e289a0a] EnumX v1.0.7 [e2ba6199] ExprTools v0.1.11 [411431e0] Extents v0.1.6 [442a2c76] FastGaussQuadrature v1.3.0 [5789e2e9] FileIO v1.20.0 [48062228] FilePathsBase v0.9.24 [1a297f60] FillArrays v1.17.0 [f6369f11] ForwardDiff v1.4.5 [38e38edf] GLM v1.9.5 [a0844989] Gamma v1.2.0 [34004b35] HypergeometricFunctions v0.3.30 [09f84164] HypothesisTests v0.11.8 [615f187c] IfElse v0.1.1 [313cdc1a] Indexing v1.1.1 [842dd82b] InlineStrings v1.4.5 [85a1e053] Interfaces v0.3.2 [8197267c] IntervalSets v0.7.14 [3587e190] InverseFunctions v0.1.17 [41ab1584] InvertedIndices v1.3.1 [92d709cd] IrrationalConstants v0.2.6 [82899510] IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0 [692b3bcd] JLLWrappers v1.8.0 [0f8b85d8] JSON3 v1.14.3 [deprecated] [b964fa9f] LaTeXStrings v1.4.1 [2ab3a3ac] LogExpFunctions v1.0.1 [1914dd2f] MacroTools v0.5.16 [e1d29d7a] Missings v1.2.0 ⌃ [ff71e718] MixedModels v5.7.0 ⌅ [7e9fb7ac] MixedModelsDatasets v0.1.2 [78c3b35d] Mocking v0.8.1 [76087f3c] NLopt v1.2.1 [77ba4419] NaNMath v1.1.4 [bac558e1] OrderedCollections v2.0.1 [90014a1f] PDMats v0.11.41 ⌅ [69de0a69] Parsers v2.8.7 [2dfb63ee] PooledArrays v1.4.3 [aea7be01] PrecompileTools v1.3.4 [21216c6a] Preferences v1.5.2 [08abe8d2] PrettyTables v3.4.8 [92933f4c] ProgressMeter v1.11.0 [43287f4e] PtrArrays v1.4.0 [1fd47b50] QuadGK v2.11.3 [df47a6cb] RData v1.1.0 [189a3867] Reexport v1.2.2 [545c379f] RegressionFormulae v0.1.4 [ae029012] Requires v1.3.1 [79098fc4] Rmath v0.9.0 [f2b01f46] Roots v3.0.7 [431bcebd] SciMLPublic v1.3.0 [6c6a2e73] Scratch v1.3.0 [91c51154] SentinelArrays v1.4.10 [1277b4bf] ShiftedArrays v2.0.0 [a2af1166] SortingAlgorithms v1.2.3 [276daf66] SpecialFunctions v2.9.0 [03a91e81] SplitApplyCombine v1.3.0 [aedffcd0] Static v1.4.6 [90137ffa] StaticArrays v1.9.19 [1e83bf80] StaticArraysCore v1.4.4 [10745b16] Statistics v1.11.4 [82ae8749] StatsAPI v1.8.0 [2913bbd2] StatsBase v0.34.13 [4c63d2b9] StatsFuns v2.2.1 [3eaba693] StatsModels v0.7.10 ⌅ [892a3eda] StringManipulation v0.5.0 ⌅ [354b36f9] StringViews v1.3.7 [856f2bd8] StructTypes v1.11.0 [dc5dba14] TZJData v1.5.1+2025b [3783bdb8] TableTraits v1.0.1 [bd369af6] Tables v1.14.0 [f269a46b] TimeZones v1.22.2 [3bb67fe8] TranscodingStreams v0.11.3 [9d95f2ec] TypedTables v1.4.6 [ea10d353] WeakRefStrings v1.4.3 [76eceee3] WorkerUtilities v1.6.1 [6e34b625] Bzip2_jll v1.0.9+0 [5ced341a] Lz4_jll v1.10.1+0 [079eb43e] NLopt_jll v2.11.0+0 [efe28fd5] OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0 [f50d1b31] Rmath_jll v0.5.2+0 [0dad84c5] ArgTools v1.2.0 [56f22d72] Artifacts v1.11.0 [2a0f44e3] Base64 v1.11.0 [ade2ca70] Dates v1.11.0 [8ba89e20] Distributed v1.12.0 [f43a241f] Downloads v1.7.0 [7b1f6079] FileWatching v1.11.0 [9fa8497b] Future v1.11.0 [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils v1.11.0 [ac6e5ff7] JuliaSyntaxHighlighting v1.13.0 [4af54fe1] LazyArtifacts v1.11.0 [b27032c2] LibCURL v1.0.0 [76f85450] LibGit2 v1.11.0 [8f399da3] Libdl v1.11.0 [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra v1.14.0 [56ddb016] Logging v1.11.0 [d6f4376e] Markdown v1.11.0 [a63ad114] Mmap v1.11.0 [ca575930] NetworkOptions v1.3.0 [44cfe95a] Pkg v1.14.0 [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0 [3fa0cd96] REPL v1.11.0 [9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0 [ea8e919c] SHA v1.13.0 [9e88b42a] Serialization v1.11.0 [6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0 [2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.13.0 [f489334b] StyledStrings v1.13.0 [4607b0f0] SuiteSparse [fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3 [a4e569a6] Tar v1.10.0 [8dfed614] Test v1.11.0 [cf7118a7] UUIDs v1.11.0 [4ec0a83e] Unicode v1.11.0 [e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.5.7+0 [deac9b47] LibCURL_jll v8.21.0+0 [e37daf67] LibGit2_jll v1.9.7+0 [29816b5a] LibSSH2_jll v1.11.104+0 [14a3606d] MozillaCACerts_jll v2026.8.13 [4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.34+0 [05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.7+0 [458c3c95] OpenSSL_jll v3.5.8+0 [efcefdf7] PCRE2_jll v10.47.0+0 [bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.10.1+0 [83775a58] Zlib_jll v1.3.2+0 [3161d3a3] Zstd_jll v1.5.7+1 [8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.15.0+0 [8e850ede] nghttp2_jll v1.70.0+0 [3f19e933] p7zip_jll v17.8.2+0 Info Packages marked with ⌃ and ⌅ have new versions available. Those with ⌃ may be upgradable, but those with ⌅ are restricted by compatibility constraints from upgrading. Info Packages marked with [deprecated] are no longer maintained. Testing Running tests... Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Unbound type parameters | 1 1 0.2s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Undefined exports | 1 1 0.0s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Compare Project.toml and test/Project.toml | 1 1 0.0s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Stale dependencies | 1 1 43.0s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Compat bounds | 4 4 0.7s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Piracy | 1 1 1.7s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time Persistent tasks | 1 1 3m01.0s Test Summary: | Pass Total Time StudyDesigns | 20 20 1m09.5s [ Info: Found 35 bins: -200, -150, -100, -50, 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1050, 1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, 1300, 1350, 1400, 1450, 1500 Test Summary: | Pass Total Time CPData | 6 6 46.9s Number of samples to be tested: 4471 Number of samples to be tested: 4471 Number of samples to be tested: 4471 CPMixedModel (sum) y ~ operator_str + :(1 | subject_id) data: 70 x 7500 shuffled ivs: operator_str effects: operator_str: subtraction ┌ Warning: Small number of permutations. Estimate of p is not precise! Call resample!. └ @ ClusterPermutationTests ~/.julia/packages/ClusterPermutationTests/AUJao/src/cluster.jl:94 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── cluster from to size mass stats p sign ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.1 1 2963 3340 378 749.65 NaN 1.2 2 3408 7500 4093 13668.14 NaN ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── n permutations: 10 Number of samples to be tested: 4701, using 2 threads CPAnovaMixedModel (sum) y ~ operator_str + :(1 | subject_id) data: 70 x 7500 shuffled ivs: operator_str effects: operator_str ┌ Warning: Small number of permutations. Estimate of p is not precise! Call resample!. └ @ ClusterPermutationTests ~/.julia/packages/ClusterPermutationTests/AUJao/src/cluster.jl:94 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── cluster from to size mass stats p sign ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── 1.1 1 774 835 62 124.97 NaN 1.2 2 2862 7500 4639 49654.53 NaN ───────────────────────────────────────────────────── n permutations: 10 Test Summary: | Pass Total Time ClusterPermutationTests | 6 6 7m40.9s Testing ClusterPermutationTests tests passed Testing completed after 837.32s PkgEval succeeded after 1222.77s