Package evaluation to test BackwardsLinalg on Julia 1.14.0-DEV.1260 (89243d1cdf*) started at 2025-11-16T17:44:57.971


################################################################################
# Set-up
#

Installing PkgEval dependencies (TestEnv)...

Set-up completed after 9.45s


################################################################################
# Installation
#

Installing BackwardsLinalg...
   Resolving package versions...
   Installed Adapt ─────────────────────── v4.4.0
   Installed SparseInverseSubset ───────── v0.1.2
   Installed DiffResults ───────────────── v1.1.0
   Installed MacroTools ────────────────── v0.5.16
   Installed ConstructionBase ──────────── v1.6.0
   Installed FillArrays ────────────────── v1.15.0
   Installed ForwardDiff ───────────────── v1.3.0
   Installed Zygote ────────────────────── v0.7.10
   Installed Compat ────────────────────── v4.18.1
   Installed IteratorInterfaceExtensions ─ v1.0.0
   Installed DataAPI ───────────────────── v1.16.0
   Installed OrderedCollections ────────── v1.8.1
   Installed Statistics ────────────────── v1.11.1
   Installed StructArrays ──────────────── v0.7.2
   Installed PrecompileTools ───────────── v1.3.3
   Installed ChainRules ────────────────── v1.72.6
   Installed DataValueInterfaces ───────── v1.0.0
   Installed StaticArraysCore ──────────── v1.4.4
   Installed RealDot ───────────────────── v0.1.0
   Installed CommonSubexpressions ──────── v0.3.1
   Installed ChainRulesCore ────────────── v1.26.0
   Installed GPUArraysCore ─────────────── v0.2.0
   Installed IrrationalConstants ───────── v0.2.6
   Installed AbstractFFTs ──────────────── v1.5.0
   Installed OpenSpecFun_jll ───────────── v0.5.6+0
   Installed NaNMath ───────────────────── v1.1.3
   Installed Requires ──────────────────── v1.3.1
   Installed BackwardsLinalg ───────────── v0.2.0
   Installed LogExpFunctions ───────────── v0.3.29
   Installed DiffRules ─────────────────── v1.15.1
   Installed Tables ────────────────────── v1.12.1
   Installed IRTools ───────────────────── v0.4.15
   Installed JLLWrappers ───────────────── v1.7.1
   Installed SpecialFunctions ──────────── v2.6.1
   Installed ZygoteRules ───────────────── v0.2.7
   Installed TableTraits ───────────────── v1.0.1
   Installed Preferences ───────────────── v1.5.0
   Installed DocStringExtensions ───────── v0.9.5
  Installing 1 artifacts
   Installed artifact OpenSpecFun 194.9 KiB
    Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.14/Project.toml`
  [442b4e1a] + BackwardsLinalg v0.2.0
    Updating `~/.julia/environments/v1.14/Manifest.toml`
  [621f4979] + AbstractFFTs v1.5.0
  [79e6a3ab] + Adapt v4.4.0
  [442b4e1a] + BackwardsLinalg v0.2.0
  [082447d4] + ChainRules v1.72.6
  [d360d2e6] + ChainRulesCore v1.26.0
  [bbf7d656] + CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1
  [34da2185] + Compat v4.18.1
  [187b0558] + ConstructionBase v1.6.0
  [9a962f9c] + DataAPI v1.16.0
  [e2d170a0] + DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0
  [163ba53b] + DiffResults v1.1.0
  [b552c78f] + DiffRules v1.15.1
  [ffbed154] + DocStringExtensions v0.9.5
  [1a297f60] + FillArrays v1.15.0
  [f6369f11] + ForwardDiff v1.3.0
  [46192b85] + GPUArraysCore v0.2.0
  [7869d1d1] + IRTools v0.4.15
  [92d709cd] + IrrationalConstants v0.2.6
  [82899510] + IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0
  [692b3bcd] + JLLWrappers v1.7.1
  [2ab3a3ac] + LogExpFunctions v0.3.29
  [1914dd2f] + MacroTools v0.5.16
  [77ba4419] + NaNMath v1.1.3
  [bac558e1] + OrderedCollections v1.8.1
  [aea7be01] + PrecompileTools v1.3.3
  [21216c6a] + Preferences v1.5.0
  [c1ae055f] + RealDot v0.1.0
  [ae029012] + Requires v1.3.1
  [dc90abb0] + SparseInverseSubset v0.1.2
  [276daf66] + SpecialFunctions v2.6.1
  [1e83bf80] + StaticArraysCore v1.4.4
  [10745b16] + Statistics v1.11.1
  [09ab397b] + StructArrays v0.7.2
  [3783bdb8] + TableTraits v1.0.1
  [bd369af6] + Tables v1.12.1
  [e88e6eb3] + Zygote v0.7.10
  [700de1a5] + ZygoteRules v0.2.7
  [efe28fd5] + OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0
  [56f22d72] + Artifacts v1.11.0
  [2a0f44e3] + Base64 v1.11.0
  [ade2ca70] + Dates v1.11.0
  [8ba89e20] + Distributed v1.11.0
  [b77e0a4c] + InteractiveUtils v1.11.0
  [ac6e5ff7] + JuliaSyntaxHighlighting v1.12.0
  [8f399da3] + Libdl v1.11.0
  [37e2e46d] + LinearAlgebra v1.13.0
  [d6f4376e] + Markdown v1.11.0
  [de0858da] + Printf v1.11.0
  [9a3f8284] + Random v1.11.0
  [ea8e919c] + SHA v1.0.0
  [9e88b42a] + Serialization v1.11.0
  [6462fe0b] + Sockets v1.11.0
  [2f01184e] + SparseArrays v1.13.0
  [f489334b] + StyledStrings v1.11.0
  [4607b0f0] + SuiteSparse
  [fa267f1f] + TOML v1.0.3
  [cf7118a7] + UUIDs v1.11.0
  [4ec0a83e] + Unicode v1.11.0
  [e66e0078] + CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.3.0+1
  [4536629a] + OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.29+0
  [05823500] + OpenLibm_jll v0.8.7+0
  [bea87d4a] + SuiteSparse_jll v7.10.1+0
  [8e850b90] + libblastrampoline_jll v5.15.0+0

Installation completed after 8.94s


################################################################################
# Precompilation
#

Precompiling PkgEval dependencies...
Precompiling packages...
WARNING: Imported binding Operations.project_rel_path was undeclared at import time during import to TestEnv.
   4255.1 ms  ✓ TestEnv
  1 dependency successfully precompiled in 5 seconds. 27 already precompiled.

  1 dependency had output during precompilation:
┌ TestEnv
│  WARNING: Imported binding Operations.project_rel_path was undeclared at import time during import to TestEnv.
└  

┌ Error: Failed to use TestEnv.jl; test dependencies will not be precompiled
│   exception =
│    UndefVarError: `project_rel_path` not defined in `TestEnv`
│    Suggestion: this global was defined as `Pkg.Operations.project_rel_path` but not assigned a value.
│    Stacktrace:
│     [1] get_test_dir(ctx::Pkg.Types.Context, pkgspec::PackageSpec)
│       @ TestEnv ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/i9lgt/src/julia-1.11/common.jl:75
│     [2] test_dir_has_project_file
│       @ ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/i9lgt/src/julia-1.11/common.jl:52 [inlined]
│     [3] maybe_gen_project_override!
│       @ ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/i9lgt/src/julia-1.11/common.jl:83 [inlined]
│     [4] activate(pkg::String; allow_reresolve::Bool)
│       @ TestEnv ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/i9lgt/src/julia-1.11/activate_set.jl:12
│     [5] activate(pkg::String)
│       @ TestEnv ~/.julia/packages/TestEnv/i9lgt/src/julia-1.11/activate_set.jl:9
│     [6] top-level scope
│       @ /PkgEval.jl/scripts/precompile.jl:24
│     [7] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
│       @ Base ./Base.jl:309
│     [8] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
│       @ Base ./client.jl:344
│     [9] _start()
│       @ Base ./client.jl:577
└ @ Main /PkgEval.jl/scripts/precompile.jl:26
Precompiling package dependencies...
Precompiling packages...
   4182.8 ms  ✓ MacroTools
   1099.7 ms  ✓ Statistics
    901.5 ms  ✓ DataAPI
   1125.7 ms  ✓ ConstructionBase
   2070.8 ms  ✓ IrrationalConstants
    832.1 ms  ✓ RealDot
    792.9 ms  ✓ DataValueInterfaces
    993.4 ms  ✓ StaticArraysCore
   1196.6 ms  ✓ Requires
   1272.7 ms  ✓ OrderedCollections
   1136.5 ms  ✓ DocStringExtensions
   1057.6 ms  ✓ AbstractFFTs
   2079.2 ms  ✓ FillArrays
    756.4 ms  ✓ IteratorInterfaceExtensions
   1247.1 ms  ✓ SuiteSparse
   1012.4 ms  ✓ NaNMath
   1164.6 ms  ✓ Compat
   1147.8 ms  ✓ Preferences
   1782.8 ms  ✓ CommonSubexpressions
   4063.0 ms  ✓ IRTools
   1294.4 ms  ✓ Statistics → SparseArraysExt
    759.6 ms  ✓ ConstructionBase → ConstructionBaseLinearAlgebraExt
    826.8 ms  ✓ DiffResults
    902.8 ms  ✓ Adapt
   1323.7 ms  ✓ LogExpFunctions
   1467.9 ms  ✓ FillArrays → FillArraysSparseArraysExt
    909.5 ms  ✓ FillArrays → FillArraysStatisticsExt
    733.0 ms  ✓ TableTraits
   1280.0 ms  ✓ SparseInverseSubset
    827.5 ms  ✓ Compat → CompatLinearAlgebraExt
   1167.6 ms  ✓ JLLWrappers
    771.1 ms  ✓ PrecompileTools
   1053.0 ms  ✓ GPUArraysCore
   1026.8 ms  ✓ Adapt → AdaptSparseArraysExt
   1379.3 ms  ✓ Tables
   2007.8 ms  ✓ ChainRulesCore
   1093.0 ms  ✓ OpenSpecFun_jll
   1241.4 ms  ✓ StructArrays
   1321.3 ms  ✓ ChainRulesCore → ChainRulesCoreSparseArraysExt
   2280.1 ms  ✓ ZygoteRules
    916.3 ms  ✓ AbstractFFTs → AbstractFFTsChainRulesCoreExt
   3106.9 ms  ✓ LogExpFunctions → LogExpFunctionsChainRulesCoreExt
   5071.7 ms  ✓ SpecialFunctions
   1335.3 ms  ✓ StructArrays → StructArraysSparseArraysExt
    876.8 ms  ✓ StructArrays → StructArraysLinearAlgebraExt
    826.7 ms  ✓ StructArrays → StructArraysAdaptExt
   3955.8 ms  ✓ SpecialFunctions → SpecialFunctionsChainRulesCoreExt
   1250.5 ms  ✓ DiffRules
  11986.2 ms  ✓ ChainRules
   6658.7 ms  ✓ ForwardDiff
ERROR: LoadError: ParseError:
# Error @ /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609:19
  # to create a Diagonal
  tr(x), function (Δ::Number)
#                 └─────────┘ ── Invalid signature in function definition
Stacktrace:
  [1] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
  [2] include(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:310
  [3] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:40
  [4] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:309
  [5] include_package_for_output(pkg::Base.PkgId, input::String, depot_path::Vector{String}, dl_load_path::Vector{String}, load_path::Vector{String}, concrete_deps::Vector{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}, source::Nothing)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:3147
  [6] top-level scope
    @ stdin:5
  [7] eval(m::Module, e::Any)
    @ Core ./boot.jl:489
  [8] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:2993
  [9] include_string
    @ ./loading.jl:3003 [inlined]
 [10] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
    @ Base ./client.jl:342
 [11] _start()
    @ Base ./client.jl:577
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:5

Precompilation completed after 126.21s


################################################################################
# Testing
#

     Testing BackwardsLinalg
      Status `/tmp/jl_3RyhhW/Project.toml`
  [442b4e1a] BackwardsLinalg v0.2.0
  [ae029012] Requires v1.3.1
  [e88e6eb3] Zygote v0.7.10
  [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra v1.13.0
  [9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0
  [8dfed614] Test v1.11.0
      Status `/tmp/jl_3RyhhW/Manifest.toml`
  [621f4979] AbstractFFTs v1.5.0
  [79e6a3ab] Adapt v4.4.0
  [442b4e1a] BackwardsLinalg v0.2.0
  [082447d4] ChainRules v1.72.6
  [d360d2e6] ChainRulesCore v1.26.0
  [bbf7d656] CommonSubexpressions v0.3.1
  [34da2185] Compat v4.18.1
  [187b0558] ConstructionBase v1.6.0
  [9a962f9c] DataAPI v1.16.0
  [e2d170a0] DataValueInterfaces v1.0.0
  [163ba53b] DiffResults v1.1.0
  [b552c78f] DiffRules v1.15.1
  [ffbed154] DocStringExtensions v0.9.5
  [1a297f60] FillArrays v1.15.0
  [f6369f11] ForwardDiff v1.3.0
  [46192b85] GPUArraysCore v0.2.0
  [7869d1d1] IRTools v0.4.15
  [92d709cd] IrrationalConstants v0.2.6
  [82899510] IteratorInterfaceExtensions v1.0.0
  [692b3bcd] JLLWrappers v1.7.1
  [2ab3a3ac] LogExpFunctions v0.3.29
  [1914dd2f] MacroTools v0.5.16
  [77ba4419] NaNMath v1.1.3
  [bac558e1] OrderedCollections v1.8.1
  [aea7be01] PrecompileTools v1.3.3
  [21216c6a] Preferences v1.5.0
  [c1ae055f] RealDot v0.1.0
  [ae029012] Requires v1.3.1
  [dc90abb0] SparseInverseSubset v0.1.2
  [276daf66] SpecialFunctions v2.6.1
  [1e83bf80] StaticArraysCore v1.4.4
  [10745b16] Statistics v1.11.1
  [09ab397b] StructArrays v0.7.2
  [3783bdb8] TableTraits v1.0.1
  [bd369af6] Tables v1.12.1
  [e88e6eb3] Zygote v0.7.10
  [700de1a5] ZygoteRules v0.2.7
  [efe28fd5] OpenSpecFun_jll v0.5.6+0
  [56f22d72] Artifacts v1.11.0
  [2a0f44e3] Base64 v1.11.0
  [ade2ca70] Dates v1.11.0
  [8ba89e20] Distributed v1.11.0
  [b77e0a4c] InteractiveUtils v1.11.0
  [ac6e5ff7] JuliaSyntaxHighlighting v1.12.0
  [8f399da3] Libdl v1.11.0
  [37e2e46d] LinearAlgebra v1.13.0
  [56ddb016] Logging v1.11.0
  [d6f4376e] Markdown v1.11.0
  [de0858da] Printf v1.11.0
  [9a3f8284] Random v1.11.0
  [ea8e919c] SHA v1.0.0
  [9e88b42a] Serialization v1.11.0
  [6462fe0b] Sockets v1.11.0
  [2f01184e] SparseArrays v1.13.0
  [f489334b] StyledStrings v1.11.0
  [4607b0f0] SuiteSparse
  [fa267f1f] TOML v1.0.3
  [8dfed614] Test v1.11.0
  [cf7118a7] UUIDs v1.11.0
  [4ec0a83e] Unicode v1.11.0
  [e66e0078] CompilerSupportLibraries_jll v1.3.0+1
  [4536629a] OpenBLAS_jll v0.3.29+0
  [05823500] OpenLibm_jll v0.8.7+0
  [bea87d4a] SuiteSparse_jll v7.10.1+0
  [8e850b90] libblastrampoline_jll v5.15.0+0
     Testing Running tests...
ERROR: LoadError: ParseError:
# Error @ /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609:19
  # to create a Diagonal
  tr(x), function (Δ::Number)
#                 └─────────┘ ── Invalid signature in function definition
Stacktrace:
  [1] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
  [2] include(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:310
  [3] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:40
  [4] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:309
  [5] include_package_for_output(pkg::Base.PkgId, input::String, depot_path::Vector{String}, dl_load_path::Vector{String}, load_path::Vector{String}, concrete_deps::Vector{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}, source::Nothing)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:3147
  [6] top-level scope
    @ stdin:5
  [7] eval(m::Module, e::Any)
    @ Core ./boot.jl:489
  [8] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:2993
  [9] include_string
    @ ./loading.jl:3003 [inlined]
 [10] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
    @ Base ./client.jl:342
 [11] _start()
    @ Base ./client.jl:577
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:5
ERROR: LoadError: ParseError:
# Error @ /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609:19
  # to create a Diagonal
  tr(x), function (Δ::Number)
#                 └─────────┘ ── Invalid signature in function definition
Stacktrace:
  [1] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
  [2] include(mapexpr::Function, mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:310
  [3] top-level scope
    @ ~/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:40
  [4] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:309
  [5] include_package_for_output(pkg::Base.PkgId, input::String, depot_path::Vector{String}, dl_load_path::Vector{String}, load_path::Vector{String}, concrete_deps::Vector{Pair{Base.PkgId, UInt128}}, source::Nothing)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:3147
  [6] top-level scope
    @ stdin:5
  [7] eval(m::Module, e::Any)
    @ Core ./boot.jl:489
  [8] include_string(mapexpr::typeof(identity), mod::Module, code::String, filename::String)
    @ Base ./loading.jl:2993
  [9] include_string
    @ ./loading.jl:3003 [inlined]
 [10] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
    @ Base ./client.jl:342
 [11] _start()
    @ Base ./client.jl:577
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/lib/array.jl:609
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/Zygote/55SqB/src/Zygote.jl:1
in expression starting at stdin:5

  1 dependency had output during precompilation:
┌ Zygote
│  [Output was shown above]
└  

qr: Error During Test at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/BackwardsLinalg/VRKMc/test/runtests.jl:3
  Got exception outside of a @test
  LoadError: The following 1 package failed to precompile:
  Zygote 
  Failed to precompile Zygote [e88e6eb3-aa80-5325-afca-941959d7151f] to "/home/pkgeval/.julia/compiled/v1.14/Zygote/jl_nlyWZV" (ProcessExited(1)).
  in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/BackwardsLinalg/VRKMc/src/zygote.jl:1
  in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/BackwardsLinalg/VRKMc/src/BackwardsLinalg.jl:1
  in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/BackwardsLinalg/VRKMc/test/qr.jl:1
Test Summary: | Error  Total   Time
qr            |     1      1  36.1s
RNG of the outermost testset: Random.Xoshiro(0xefc4577007a17ba4, 0x54162ce191f5d01b, 0x6a805ef1814a1f4f, 0x7f7084bea8cbccb6, 0x7c9c5a02e188217a)
ERROR: LoadError: Some tests did not pass: 0 passed, 0 failed, 1 errored, 0 broken.
in expression starting at /home/pkgeval/.julia/packages/BackwardsLinalg/VRKMc/test/runtests.jl:3

Testing failed after 44.42s

ERROR: LoadError: Package BackwardsLinalg errored during testing
Stacktrace:
  [1] pkgerror(msg::String)
    @ Pkg.Types /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/Types.jl:68
  [2] test(ctx::Pkg.Types.Context, pkgs::Vector{PackageSpec}; coverage::Bool, julia_args::Cmd, test_args::Cmd, test_fn::Nothing, force_latest_compatible_version::Bool, allow_earlier_backwards_compatible_versions::Bool, allow_reresolve::Bool)
    @ Pkg.Operations /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/Operations.jl:2946
  [3] test
    @ /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/Operations.jl:2795 [inlined]
  [4] test(ctx::Pkg.Types.Context, pkgs::Vector{PackageSpec}; coverage::Bool, test_fn::Nothing, julia_args::Cmd, test_args::Cmd, force_latest_compatible_version::Bool, allow_earlier_backwards_compatible_versions::Bool, allow_reresolve::Bool, kwargs::@Kwargs{io::IOContext{IO}})
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:572
  [5] kwcall(::@NamedTuple{julia_args::Cmd, io::IOContext{IO}}, ::typeof(Pkg.API.test), ctx::Pkg.Types.Context, pkgs::Vector{PackageSpec})
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:548
  [6] test(pkgs::Vector{PackageSpec}; io::IOContext{IO}, kwargs::@Kwargs{julia_args::Cmd})
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:172
  [7] kwcall(::@NamedTuple{julia_args::Cmd}, ::typeof(Pkg.API.test), pkgs::Vector{PackageSpec})
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:161
  [8] test(pkgs::Vector{String}; kwargs::@Kwargs{julia_args::Cmd})
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:160
  [9] test
    @ /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:160 [inlined]
 [10] kwcall(::@NamedTuple{julia_args::Cmd}, ::typeof(Pkg.API.test), pkg::String)
    @ Pkg.API /opt/julia/share/julia/stdlib/v1.14/Pkg/src/API.jl:159
 [11] top-level scope
    @ /PkgEval.jl/scripts/evaluate.jl:219
 [12] include(mod::Module, _path::String)
    @ Base ./Base.jl:309
 [13] exec_options(opts::Base.JLOptions)
    @ Base ./client.jl:344
 [14] _start()
    @ Base ./client.jl:577
in expression starting at /PkgEval.jl/scripts/evaluate.jl:210

PkgEval failed after 317.9s: package fails to precompile