Source: Authors' calculations using data from Congressional Budget Office, “An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: 2017 to 2027” (Washington: 2017), available at https://www.cbo.gov/publication/52801; Congressional Budget Office, “The Budget and Economic Outlook: 2018 to 2028” (Washington: 2018), available at https://www.cbo.gov/publication/53651; Congressional Budget Office, “An Update to the Budget and Economic Outlook: 2024 to 2034” (Washington: 2024), available at https://www.cbo.gov/publication/60039; U.S. Office of Management and Budget, “Table 1.1—Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (-): 1789–2029,” available at https://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/budget/historical-tables/ (last accessed August 2024).