/*
  Copyright (C) 2012 Michael Ficarra <escodegen.copyright@michael.ficarra.me>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Robert Gust-Bardon <donate@robert.gust-bardon.org>
  Copyright (C) 2012 John Freeman <jfreeman08@gmail.com>
  Copyright (C) 2011-2012 Ariya Hidayat <ariya.hidayat@gmail.com>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Mathias Bynens <mathias@qiwi.be>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Joost-Wim Boekesteijn <joost-wim@boekesteijn.nl>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Kris Kowal <kris.kowal@cixar.com>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Yusuke Suzuki <utatane.tea@gmail.com>
  Copyright (C) 2012 Arpad Borsos <arpad.borsos@googlemail.com>

  Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
  modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

    * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
      documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
  AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
  IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
  ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> BE LIABLE FOR ANY
  DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES
  (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES;
  LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND
  ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
  THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/

/*jslint bitwise:true */
/*global escodegen:true, exports:true, generateStatement:true, generateExpression:true, generateFunctionBody:true, process:true, require:true, define:true, global:true*/
(function () {
    'use strict';

    var Syntax,
        Precedence,
        BinaryPrecedence,
        Regex,
        VisitorKeys,
        VisitorOption,
        SourceNode,
        isArray,
        base,
        indent,
        json,
        renumber,
        hexadecimal,
        quotes,
        escapeless,
        newline,
        space,
        parentheses,
        semicolons,
        safeConcatenation,
        directive,
        extra,
        parse,
        sourceMap,
        traverse;

    traverse = require('estraverse').traverse;

    Syntax = {
        AssignmentExpression: 'AssignmentExpression',
        ArrayExpression: 'ArrayExpression',
        ArrayPattern: 'ArrayPattern',
        BlockStatement: 'BlockStatement',
        BinaryExpression: 'BinaryExpression',
        BreakStatement: 'BreakStatement',
        CallExpression: 'CallExpression',
        CatchClause: 'CatchClause',
        ComprehensionBlock: 'ComprehensionBlock',
        ComprehensionExpression: 'ComprehensionExpression',
        ConditionalExpression: 'ConditionalExpression',
        ContinueStatement: 'ContinueStatement',
        DirectiveStatement: 'DirectiveStatement',
        DoWhileStatement: 'DoWhileStatement',
        DebuggerStatement: 'DebuggerStatement',
        EmptyStatement: 'EmptyStatement',
        ExpressionStatement: 'ExpressionStatement',
        ForStatement: 'ForStatement',
        ForInStatement: 'ForInStatement',
        FunctionDeclaration: 'FunctionDeclaration',
        FunctionExpression: 'FunctionExpression',
        Identifier: 'Identifier',
        IfStatement: 'IfStatement',
        Literal: 'Literal',
        LabeledStatement: 'LabeledStatement',
        LogicalExpression: 'LogicalExpression',
        MemberExpression: 'MemberExpression',
        NewExpression: 'NewExpression',
        ObjectExpression: 'ObjectExpression',
        ObjectPattern: 'ObjectPattern',
        Program: 'Program',
        Property: 'Property',
        ReturnStatement: 'ReturnStatement',
        SequenceExpression: 'SequenceExpression',
        SwitchStatement: 'SwitchStatement',
        SwitchCase: 'SwitchCase',
        ThisExpression: 'ThisExpression',
        ThrowStatement: 'ThrowStatement',
        TryStatement: 'TryStatement',
        UnaryExpression: 'UnaryExpression',
        UpdateExpression: 'UpdateExpression',
        VariableDeclaration: 'VariableDeclaration',
        VariableDeclarator: 'VariableDeclarator',
        WhileStatement: 'WhileStatement',
        WithStatement: 'WithStatement',
        YieldExpression: 'YieldExpression'

    };

    Precedence = {
        Sequence: 0,
        Assignment: 1,
        Conditional: 2,
        LogicalOR: 3,
        LogicalAND: 4,
        BitwiseOR: 5,
        BitwiseXOR: 6,
        BitwiseAND: 7,
        Equality: 8,
        Relational: 9,
        BitwiseSHIFT: 10,
        Additive: 11,
        Multiplicative: 12,
        Unary: 13,
        Postfix: 14,
        Call: 15,
        New: 16,
        Member: 17,
        Primary: 18
    };

    BinaryPrecedence = {
        '||': Precedence.LogicalOR,
        '&&': Precedence.LogicalAND,
        '|': Precedence.BitwiseOR,
        '^': Precedence.BitwiseXOR,
        '&': Precedence.BitwiseAND,
        '==': Precedence.Equality,
        '!=': Precedence.Equality,
        '===': Precedence.Equality,
        '!==': Precedence.Equality,
        'is': Precedence.Equality,
        'isnt': Precedence.Equality,
        '<': Precedence.Relational,
        '>': Precedence.Relational,
        '<=': Precedence.Relational,
        '>=': Precedence.Relational,
        'in': Precedence.Relational,
        'instanceof': Precedence.Relational,
        '<<': Precedence.BitwiseSHIFT,
        '>>': Precedence.BitwiseSHIFT,
        '>>>': Precedence.BitwiseSHIFT,
        '+': Precedence.Additive,
        '-': Precedence.Additive,
        '*': Precedence.Multiplicative,
        '%': Precedence.Multiplicative,
        '/': Precedence.Multiplicative
    };

    Regex = {
        NonAsciiIdentifierPart: new RegExp('[\xaa\xb5\xba\xc0-\xd6\xd8-\xf6\xf8-\u02c1\u02c6-\u02d1\u02e0-\u02e4\u02ec\u02ee\u0300-\u0374\u0376\u0377\u037a-\u037d\u0386\u0388-\u038a\u038c\u038e-\u03a1\u03a3-\u03f5\u03f7-\u0481\u0483-\u0487\u048a-\u0527\u0531-\u0556\u0559\u0561-\u0587\u0591-\u05bd\u05bf\u05c1\u05c2\u05c4\u05c5\u05c7\u05d0-\u05ea\u05f0-\u05f2\u0610-\u061a\u0620-\u0669\u066e-\u06d3\u06d5-\u06dc\u06df-\u06e8\u06ea-\u06fc\u06ff\u0710-\u074a\u074d-\u07b1\u07c0-\u07f5\u07fa\u0800-\u082d\u0840-\u085b\u08a0\u08a2-\u08ac\u08e4-\u08fe\u0900-\u0963\u0966-\u096f\u0971-\u0977\u0979-\u097f\u0981-\u0983\u0985-\u098c\u098f\u0990\u0993-\u09a8\u09aa-\u09b0\u09b2\u09b6-\u09b9\u09bc-\u09c4\u09c7\u09c8\u09cb-\u09ce\u09d7\u09dc\u09dd\u09df-\u09e3\u09e6-\u09f1\u0a01-\u0a03\u0a05-\u0a0a\u0a0f\u0a10\u0a13-\u0a28\u0a2a-\u0a30\u0a32\u0a33\u0a35\u0a36\u0a38\u0a39\u0a3c\u0a3e-\u0a42\u0a47\u0a48\u0a4b-\u0a4d\u0a51\u0a59-\u0a5c\u0a5e\u0a66-\u0a75\u0a81-\u0a83\u0a85-\u0a8d\u0a8f-\u0a91\u0a93-\u0aa8\u0aaa-\u0ab0\u0ab2\u0ab3\u0ab5-\u0ab9\u0abc-\u0ac5\u0ac7-\u0ac9\u0acb-\u0acd\u0ad0\u0ae0-\u0ae3\u0ae6-\u0aef\u0b01-\u0b03\u0b05-\u0b0c\u0b0f\u0b10\u0b13-\u0b28\u0b2a-\u0b30\u0b32\u0b33\u0b35-\u0b39\u0b3c-\u0b44\u0b47\u0b48\u0b4b-\u0b4d\u0b56\u0b57\u0b5c\u0b5d\u0b5f-\u0b63\u0b66-\u0b6f\u0b71\u0b82\u0b83\u0b85-\u0b8a\u0b8e-\u0b90\u0b92-\u0b95\u0b99\u0b9a\u0b9c\u0b9e\u0b9f\u0ba3\u0ba4\u0ba8-\u0baa\u0bae-\u0bb9\u0bbe-\u0bc2\u0bc6-\u0bc8\u0bca-\u0bcd\u0bd0\u0bd7\u0be6-\u0bef\u0c01-\u0c03\u0c05-\u0c0c\u0c0e-\u0c10\u0c12-\u0c28\u0c2a-\u0c33\u0c35-\u0c39\u0c3d-\u0c44\u0c46-\u0c48\u0c4a-\u0c4d\u0c55\u0c56\u0c58\u0c59\u0c60-\u0c63\u0c66-\u0c6f\u0c82\u0c83\u0c85-\u0c8c\u0c8e-\u0c90\u0c92-\u0ca8\u0caa-\u0cb3\u0cb5-\u0cb9\u0cbc-\u0cc4\u0cc6-\u0cc8\u0cca-\u0ccd\u0cd5\u0cd6\u0cde\u0ce0-\u0ce3\u0ce6-\u0cef\u0cf1\u0cf2\u0d02\u0d03\u0d05-\u0d0c\u0d0e-\u0d10\u0d12-\u0d3a\u0d3d-\u0d44\u0d46-\u0d48\u0d4a-\u0d4e\u0d57\u0d60-\u0d63\u0d66-\u0d6f\u0d7a-\u0d7f\u0d82\u0d83\u0d85-\u0d96\u0d9a-\u0db1\u0db3-\u0dbb\u0dbd\u0dc0-\u0dc6\u0dca\u0dcf-\u0dd4\u0dd6\u0dd8-\u0ddf\u0df2\u0df3\u0e01-\u0e3a\u0e40-\u0e4e\u0e50-\u0e59\u0e81\u0e82\u0e84\u0e87\u0e88\u0e8a\u0e8d\u0e94-\u0e97\u0e99-\u0e9f\u0ea1-\u0ea3\u0ea5\u0ea7\u0eaa\u0eab\u0ead-\u0eb9\u0ebb-\u0ebd\u0ec0-\u0ec4\u0ec6\u0ec8-\u0ecd\u0ed0-\u0ed9\u0edc-\u0edf\u0f00\u0f18\u0f19\u0f20-\u0f29\u0f35\u0f37\u0f39\u0f3e-\u0f47\u0f49-\u0f6c\u0f71-\u0f84\u0f86-\u0f97\u0f99-\u0fbc\u0fc6\u1000-\u1049\u1050-\u109d\u10a0-\u10c5\u10c7\u10cd\u10d0-\u10fa\u10fc-\u1248\u124a-\u124d\u1250-\u1256\u1258\u125a-\u125d\u1260-\u1288\u128a-\u128d\u1290-\u12b0\u12b2-\u12b5\u12b8-\u12be\u12c0\u12c2-\u12c5\u12c8-\u12d6\u12d8-\u1310\u1312-\u1315\u1318-\u135a\u135d-\u135f\u1380-\u138f\u13a0-\u13f4\u1401-\u166c\u166f-\u167f\u1681-\u169a\u16a0-\u16ea\u16ee-\u16f0\u1700-\u170c\u170e-\u1714\u1720-\u1734\u1740-\u1753\u1760-\u176c\u176e-\u1770\u1772\u1773\u1780-\u17d3\u17d7\u17dc\u17dd\u17e0-\u17e9\u180b-\u180d\u1810-\u1819\u1820-\u1877\u1880-\u18aa\u18b0-\u18f5\u1900-\u191c\u1920-\u192b\u1930-\u193b\u1946-\u196d\u1970-\u1974\u1980-\u19ab\u19b0-\u19c9\u19d0-\u19d9\u1a00-\u1a1b\u1a20-\u1a5e\u1a60-\u1a7c\u1a7f-\u1a89\u1a90-\u1a99\u1aa7\u1b00-\u1b4b\u1b50-\u1b59\u1b6b-\u1b73\u1b80-\u1bf3\u1c00-\u1c37\u1c40-\u1c49\u1c4d-\u1c7d\u1cd0-\u1cd2\u1cd4-\u1cf6\u1d00-\u1de6\u1dfc-\u1f15\u1f18-\u1f1d\u1f20-\u1f45\u1f48-\u1f4d\u1f50-\u1f57\u1f59\u1f5b\u1f5d\u1f5f-\u1f7d\u1f80-\u1fb4\u1fb6-\u1fbc\u1fbe\u1fc2-\u1fc4\u1fc6-\u1fcc\u1fd0-\u1fd3\u1fd6-\u1fdb\u1fe0-\u1fec\u1ff2-\u1ff4\u1ff6-\u1ffc\u200c\u200d\u203f\u2040\u2054\u2071\u207f\u2090-\u209c\u20d0-\u20dc\u20e1\u20e5-\u20f0\u2102\u2107\u210a-\u2113\u2115\u2119-\u211d\u2124\u2126\u2128\u212a-\u212d\u212f-\u2139\u213c-\u213f\u2145-\u2149\u214e\u2160-\u2188\u2c00-\u2c2e\u2c30-\u2c5e\u2c60-\u2ce4\u2ceb-\u2cf3\u2d00-\u2d25\u2d27\u2d2d\u2d30-\u2d67\u2d6f\u2d7f-\u2d96\u2da0-\u2da6\u2da8-\u2dae\u2db0-\u2db6\u2db8-\u2dbe\u2dc0-\u2dc6\u2dc8-\u2dce\u2dd0-\u2dd6\u2dd8-\u2dde\u2de0-\u2dff\u2e2f\u3005-\u3007\u3021-\u302f\u3031-\u3035\u3038-\u303c\u3041-\u3096\u3099\u309a\u309d-\u309f\u30a1-\u30fa\u30fc-\u30ff\u3105-\u312d\u3131-\u318e\u31a0-\u31ba\u31f0-\u31ff\u3400-\u4db5\u4e00-\u9fcc\ua000-\ua48c\ua4d0-\ua4fd\ua500-\ua60c\ua610-\ua62b\ua640-\ua66f\ua674-\ua67d\ua67f-\ua697\ua69f-\ua6f1\ua717-\ua71f\ua722-\ua788\ua78b-\ua78e\ua790-\ua793\ua7a0-\ua7aa\ua7f8-\ua827\ua840-\ua873\ua880-\ua8c4\ua8d0-\ua8d9\ua8e0-\ua8f7\ua8fb\ua900-\ua92d\ua930-\ua953\ua960-\ua97c\ua980-\ua9c0\ua9cf-\ua9d9\uaa00-\uaa36\uaa40-\uaa4d\uaa50-\uaa59\uaa60-\uaa76\uaa7a\uaa7b\uaa80-\uaac2\uaadb-\uaadd\uaae0-\uaaef\uaaf2-\uaaf6\uab01-\uab06\uab09-\uab0e\uab11-\uab16\uab20-\uab26\uab28-\uab2e\uabc0-\uabea\uabec\uabed\uabf0-\uabf9\uac00-\ud7a3\ud7b0-\ud7c6\ud7cb-\ud7fb\uf900-\ufa6d\ufa70-\ufad9\ufb00-\ufb06\ufb13-\ufb17\ufb1d-\ufb28\ufb2a-\ufb36\ufb38-\ufb3c\ufb3e\ufb40\ufb41\ufb43\ufb44\ufb46-\ufbb1\ufbd3-\ufd3d\ufd50-\ufd8f\ufd92-\ufdc7\ufdf0-\ufdfb\ufe00-\ufe0f\ufe20-\ufe26\ufe33\ufe34\ufe4d-\ufe4f\ufe70-\ufe74\ufe76-\ufefc\uff10-\uff19\uff21-\uff3a\uff3f\uff41-\uff5a\uff66-\uffbe\uffc2-\uffc7\uffca-\uffcf\uffd2-\uffd7\uffda-\uffdc]')
    };

    function getDefaultOptions() {
        // default options
        return {
            indent: null,
            base: null,
            parse: null,
            comment: false,
            format: {
                indent: {
                    style: '    ',
                    base: 0,
                    adjustMultilineComment: false
                },
                json: false,
                renumber: false,
                hexadecimal: false,
                quotes: 'single',
                escapeless: false,
                compact: false,
                parentheses: true,
                semicolons: true,
                safeConcatenation: false
            },
            moz: {
                starlessGenerator: false,
                parenthesizedComprehensionBlock: false
            },
            sourceMap: null,
            sourceMapRoot: null,
            sourceMapWithCode: false,
            directive: false,
            verbatim: null
        };
    }

    function stringToArray(str) {
        var length = str.length,
            result = [],
            i;
        for (i = 0; i < length; i += 1) {
            result[i] = str.charAt(i);
        }
        return result;
    }

    function stringRepeat(str, num) {
        var result = '';

        for (num |= 0; num > 0; num >>>= 1, str += str) {
            if (num & 1) {
                result += str;
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    isArray = Array.isArray;
    if (!isArray) {
        isArray = function isArray(array) {
            return Object.prototype.toString.call(array) === '[object Array]';
        };
    }

    // Fallback for the non SourceMap environment
    function SourceNodeMock(line, column, filename, chunk) {
        var result = [];

        function flatten(input) {
            var i, iz;
            if (isArray(input)) {
                for (i = 0, iz = input.length; i < iz; ++i) {
                    flatten(input[i]);
                }
            } else if (input instanceof SourceNodeMock) {
                result.push(input);
            } else if (typeof input === 'string' && input) {
                result.push(input);
            }
        }

        flatten(chunk);
        this.children = result;
    }

    SourceNodeMock.prototype.toString = function toString() {
        var res = '', i, iz, node;
        for (i = 0, iz = this.children.length; i < iz; ++i) {
            node = this.children[i];
            if (node instanceof SourceNodeMock) {
                res += node.toString();
            } else {
                res += node;
            }
        }
        return res;
    };

    SourceNodeMock.prototype.replaceRight = function replaceRight(pattern, replacement) {
        var last = this.children[this.children.length - 1];
        if (last instanceof SourceNodeMock) {
            last.replaceRight(pattern, replacement);
        } else if (typeof last === 'string') {
            this.children[this.children.length - 1] = last.replace(pattern, replacement);
        } else {
            this.children.push(''.replace(pattern, replacement));
        }
        return this;
    };

    SourceNodeMock.prototype.join = function join(sep) {
        var i, iz, result;
        result = [];
        iz = this.children.length;
        if (iz > 0) {
            for (i = 0, iz -= 1; i < iz; ++i) {
                result.push(this.children[i], sep);
            }
            result.push(this.children[iz]);
            this.children = result;
        }
        return this;
    };

    function hasLineTerminator(str) {
        return (/[\r\n]/g).test(str);
    }

    function endsWithLineTerminator(str) {
        var ch = str.charAt(str.length - 1);
        return ch === '\r' || ch === '\n';
    }

    function shallowCopy(obj) {
        var ret = {}, key;
        for (key in obj) {
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                ret[key] = obj[key];
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }

    function deepCopy(obj) {
        var ret = {}, key, val;
        for (key in obj) {
            if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                val = obj[key];
                if (typeof val === 'object' && val !== null) {
                    ret[key] = deepCopy(val);
                } else {
                    ret[key] = val;
                }
            }
        }
        return ret;
    }

    function updateDeeply(target, override) {
        var key, val;

        function isHashObject(target) {
            return typeof target === 'object' && target instanceof Object && !(target instanceof RegExp);
        }

        for (key in override) {
            if (override.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                val = override[key];
                if (isHashObject(val)) {
                    if (isHashObject(target[key])) {
                        updateDeeply(target[key], val);
                    } else {
                        target[key] = updateDeeply({}, val);
                    }
                } else {
                    target[key] = val;
                }
            }
        }
        return target;
    }

    function generateNumber(value) {
        var result, point, temp, exponent, pos;

        if (value !== value) {
            throw new Error('Numeric literal whose value is NaN');
        }
        if (value < 0 || (value === 0 && 1 / value < 0)) {
            throw new Error('Numeric literal whose value is negative');
        }

        if (value === 1 / 0) {
            return json ? 'null' : renumber ? '1e400' : '1e+400';
        }

        result = '' + value;
        if (!renumber || result.length < 3) {
            return result;
        }

        point = result.indexOf('.');
        if (!json && result.charAt(0) === '0' && point === 1) {
            point = 0;
            result = result.slice(1);
        }
        temp = result;
        result = result.replace('e+', 'e');
        exponent = 0;
        if ((pos = temp.indexOf('e')) > 0) {
            exponent = +temp.slice(pos + 1);
            temp = temp.slice(0, pos);
        }
        if (point >= 0) {
            exponent -= temp.length - point - 1;
            temp = +(temp.slice(0, point) + temp.slice(point + 1)) + '';
        }
        pos = 0;
        while (temp.charAt(temp.length + pos - 1) === '0') {
            pos -= 1;
        }
        if (pos !== 0) {
            exponent -= pos;
            temp = temp.slice(0, pos);
        }
        if (exponent !== 0) {
            temp += 'e' + exponent;
        }
        if ((temp.length < result.length ||
                    (hexadecimal && value > 1e12 && Math.floor(value) === value && (temp = '0x' + value.toString(16)).length < result.length)) &&
                +temp === value) {
            result = temp;
        }

        return result;
    }

    // Generate valid RegExp expression.
    // This function is based on https://github.com/Constellation/iv Engine

    function escapeRegExpCharacter(ch, previousIsBackslash) {
        // not handling '\' and handling \u2028 or \u2029 to unicode escape sequence
        if ((ch & ~1) === 0x2028) {
            return (previousIsBackslash ? 'u' : '\\u') + ((ch === 0x2028) ? '2028' : '2029');
        } else if (ch === 10 || ch === 13) {  // \n, \r
            return (previousIsBackslash ? '' : '\\') + ((ch === 10) ? 'n' : 'r');
        }
        return String.fromCharCode(ch);
    }

    function generateRegExp(reg) {
        var match, result, flags, i, iz, ch, characterInBrack, previousIsBackslash;

        result = reg.toString();

        if (reg.source) {
            // extract flag from toString result
            match = result.match(/\/([^/]*)$/);
            if (!match) {
                return result;
            }

            flags = match[1];
            result = '';

            characterInBrack = false;
            previousIsBackslash = false;
            for (i = 0, iz = reg.source.length; i < iz; ++i) {
                ch = reg.source.charCodeAt(i);

                if (!previousIsBackslash) {
                    if (characterInBrack) {
                        if (ch === 93) {  // ]
                            characterInBrack = false;
                        }
                    } else {
                        if (ch === 47) {  // /
                            result += '\\';
                        } else if (ch === 91) {  // [
                            characterInBrack = true;
                        }
                    }
                    result += escapeRegExpCharacter(ch, previousIsBackslash);
                    previousIsBackslash = ch === 92;  // \
                } else {
                    // if new RegExp("\\\n') is provided, create /\n/
                    result += escapeRegExpCharacter(ch, previousIsBackslash);
                    // prevent like /\\[/]/
                    previousIsBackslash = false;
                }
            }

            return '/' + result + '/' + flags;
        }

        return result;
    }

    function escapeAllowedCharacter(ch, next) {
        var code = ch.charCodeAt(0), hex = code.toString(16), result = '\\';

        switch (ch) {
        case '\b':
            result += 'b';
            break;
        case '\f':
            result += 'f';
            break;
        case '\t':
            result += 't';
            break;
        default:
            if (json || code > 0xff) {
                result += 'u' + '0000'.slice(hex.length) + hex;
            } else if (ch === '\u0000' && '0123456789'.indexOf(next) < 0) {
                result += '0';
            } else if (ch === '\x0B') { // '\v'
                result += 'x0B';
            } else {
                result += 'x' + '00'.slice(hex.length) + hex;
            }
            break;
        }

        return result;
    }

    function escapeDisallowedCharacter(ch) {
        var result = '\\';
        switch (ch) {
        case '\\':
            result += '\\';
            break;
        case '\n':
            result += 'n';
            break;
        case '\r':
            result += 'r';
            break;
        case '\u2028':
            result += 'u2028';
            break;
        case '\u2029':
            result += 'u2029';
            break;
        default:
            throw new Error('Incorrectly classified character');
        }

        return result;
    }

    function escapeDirective(str) {
        var i, iz, ch, single, buf, quote;

        buf = str;
        if (typeof buf[0] === 'undefined') {
            buf = stringToArray(buf);
        }

        quote = quotes === 'double' ? '"' : '\'';
        for (i = 0, iz = buf.length; i < iz; i += 1) {
            ch = buf[i];
            if (ch === '\'') {
                quote = '"';
                break;
            } else if (ch === '"') {
                quote = '\'';
                break;
            } else if (ch === '\\') {
                i += 1;
            }
        }

        return quote + str + quote;
    }

    function escapeString(str) {
        var result = '', i, len, ch, next, singleQuotes = 0, doubleQuotes = 0, single;

        if (typeof str[0] === 'undefined') {
            str = stringToArray(str);
        }

        for (i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            ch = str[i];
            if (ch === '\'') {
                singleQuotes += 1;
            } else if (ch === '"') {
                doubleQuotes += 1;
            } else if (ch === '/' && json) {
                result += '\\';
            } else if ('\\\n\r\u2028\u2029'.indexOf(ch) >= 0) {
                result += escapeDisallowedCharacter(ch);
                continue;
            } else if ((json && ch < ' ') || !(json || escapeless || (ch >= ' ' && ch <= '~'))) {
                result += escapeAllowedCharacter(ch, str[i + 1]);
                continue;
            }
            result += ch;
        }

        single = !(quotes === 'double' || (quotes === 'auto' && doubleQuotes < singleQuotes));
        str = result;
        result = single ? '\'' : '"';

        if (typeof str[0] === 'undefined') {
            str = stringToArray(str);
        }

        for (i = 0, len = str.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            ch = str[i];
            if ((ch === '\'' && single) || (ch === '"' && !single)) {
                result += '\\';
            }
            result += ch;
        }

        return result + (single ? '\'' : '"');
    }

    function isWhiteSpace(ch) {
        // Use `\x0B` instead of `\v` for IE < 9 compatibility
        return '\t\x0B\f \xa0'.indexOf(ch) >= 0 || (ch.charCodeAt(0) >= 0x1680 && '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000\ufeff'.indexOf(ch) >= 0);
    }

    function isLineTerminator(ch) {
        return '\n\r\u2028\u2029'.indexOf(ch) >= 0;
    }

    function isIdentifierPart(ch) {
        return (ch === '$') || (ch === '_') || (ch === '\\') ||
            (ch >= 'a' && ch <= 'z') || (ch >= 'A' && ch <= 'Z') ||
            ((ch >= '0') && (ch <= '9')) ||
            ((ch.charCodeAt(0) >= 0x80) && Regex.NonAsciiIdentifierPart.test(ch));
    }

    function toSourceNode(generated, node) {
        if (node == null) {
            if (generated instanceof SourceNode) {
                return generated;
            } else {
                node = {};
            }
        }
        if (node.loc == null) {
            return new SourceNode(null, null, sourceMap, generated);
        }
        return new SourceNode(node.loc.start.line, node.loc.start.column, (sourceMap === true ? node.loc.source || null : sourceMap), generated);
    }

    function join(left, right) {
        var leftSource = toSourceNode(left).toString(),
            rightSource = toSourceNode(right).toString(),
            leftChar = leftSource.charAt(leftSource.length - 1),
            rightChar = rightSource.charAt(0);

        if (((leftChar === '+' || leftChar === '-') && leftChar === rightChar) || (isIdentifierPart(leftChar) && isIdentifierPart(rightChar))) {
            return [left, ' ', right];
        } else if (isWhiteSpace(leftChar) || isLineTerminator(leftChar) || isWhiteSpace(rightChar) || isLineTerminator(rightChar)) {
            return [left, right];
        }
        return [left, space, right];
    }

    function addIndent(stmt) {
        return [base, stmt];
    }

    function withIndent(fn) {
        var previousBase, result;
        previousBase = base;
        base += indent;
        result = fn.call(this, base);
        base = previousBase;
        return result;
    }

    function calculateSpaces(str) {
        var i;
        for (i = str.length - 1; i >= 0; i -= 1) {
            if (isLineTerminator(str.charAt(i))) {
                break;
            }
        }
        return (str.length - 1) - i;
    }

    function adjustMultilineComment(value, specialBase) {
        var array, i, len, line, j, ch, spaces, previousBase;

        array = value.split(/\r\n|[\r\n]/);
        spaces = Number.MAX_VALUE;

        // first line doesn't have indentation
        for (i = 1, len = array.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            line = array[i];
            j = 0;
            while (j < line.length && isWhiteSpace(line[j])) {
                j += 1;
            }
            if (spaces > j) {
                spaces = j;
            }
        }

        if (typeof specialBase !== 'undefined') {
            // pattern like
            // {
            //   var t = 20;  /*
            //                 * this is comment
            //                 */
            // }
            previousBase = base;
            if (array[1][spaces] === '*') {
                specialBase += ' ';
            }
            base = specialBase;
        } else {
            if (spaces & 1) {
                // /*
                //  *
                //  */
                // If spaces are odd number, above pattern is considered.
                // We waste 1 space.
                spaces -= 1;
            }
            previousBase = base;
        }

        for (i = 1, len = array.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            array[i] = toSourceNode(addIndent(array[i].slice(spaces))).join('');
        }

        base = previousBase;

        return array.join('\n');
    }

    function generateComment(comment, specialBase) {
        if (comment.type === 'Line') {
            if (endsWithLineTerminator(comment.value)) {
                return '//' + comment.value;
            } else {
                // Always use LineTerminator
                return '//' + comment.value + '\n';
            }
        }
        if (extra.format.indent.adjustMultilineComment && /[\n\r]/.test(comment.value)) {
            return adjustMultilineComment('/*' + comment.value + '*/', specialBase);
        }
        return '/*' + comment.value + '*/';
    }

    function addCommentsToStatement(stmt, result) {
        var i, len, comment, save, node, tailingToStatement, specialBase, fragment;

        if (stmt.leadingComments && stmt.leadingComments.length > 0) {
            save = result;

            comment = stmt.leadingComments[0];
            result = [];
            if (safeConcatenation && stmt.type === Syntax.Program && stmt.body.length === 0) {
                result.push('\n');
            }
            result.push(generateComment(comment));
            if (!endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                result.push('\n');
            }

            for (i = 1, len = stmt.leadingComments.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                comment = stmt.leadingComments[i];
                fragment = [generateComment(comment)];
                if (!endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                    fragment.push('\n');
                }
                result.push(addIndent(fragment));
            }

            result.push(addIndent(save));
        }

        if (stmt.trailingComments) {
            tailingToStatement = !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString());
            specialBase = stringRepeat(' ', calculateSpaces(toSourceNode([base, result, indent]).toString()));
            for (i = 0, len = stmt.trailingComments.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                comment = stmt.trailingComments[i];
                if (tailingToStatement) {
                    // We assume target like following script
                    //
                    // var t = 20;  /**
                    //               * This is comment of t
                    //               */
                    if (i === 0) {
                        // first case
                        result = [result, indent];
                    } else {
                        result = [result, specialBase];
                    }
                    result.push(generateComment(comment, specialBase));
                } else {
                    result = [result, addIndent(generateComment(comment))];
                }
                if (i !== len - 1 && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                    result = [result, '\n'];
                }
            }
        }

        return result;
    }

    function parenthesize(text, current, should) {
        if (current < should) {
            return ['(', text, ')'];
        }
        return text;
    }

    function maybeBlock(stmt, semicolonOptional, functionBody) {
        var result, noLeadingComment;

        noLeadingComment = !extra.comment || !stmt.leadingComments;

        if (stmt.type === Syntax.BlockStatement && noLeadingComment) {
            return [space, generateStatement(stmt, { functionBody: functionBody })];
        }

        if (stmt.type === Syntax.EmptyStatement && noLeadingComment) {
            return ';';
        }

        withIndent(function () {
            result = [newline, addIndent(generateStatement(stmt, { semicolonOptional: semicolonOptional, functionBody: functionBody }))];
        });

        return result;
    }

    function maybeBlockSuffix(stmt, result) {
        var ends = endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString());
        if (stmt.type === Syntax.BlockStatement && (!extra.comment || !stmt.leadingComments) && !ends) {
            return [result, space];
        }
        if (ends) {
            return [result, base];
        }
        return [result, newline, base];
    }

    function generateVerbatim(expr, option) {
        var i, result;
        result = expr[extra.verbatim].split(/\r\n|\n/);
        for (i = 1; i < result.length; i++) {
            result[i] = newline + base + result[i];
        }

        result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.Sequence, option.precedence);
        return toSourceNode(result, expr);
    }

    function generateFunctionBody(node) {
        var result, i, len, expr;
        result = ['('];
        for (i = 0, len = node.params.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            result.push(node.params[i].name);
            if (i + 1 < len) {
                result.push(',' + space);
            }
        }
        result.push(')');

        if (node.expression) {
            result.push(space);
            expr = generateExpression(node.body, {
                precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true
            });
            if (expr.toString().charAt(0) === '{') {
                expr = ['(', expr, ')'];
            }
            result.push(expr);
        } else {
            result.push(maybeBlock(node.body, false, true));
        }
        return result;
    }

    function generateExpression(expr, option) {
        var result, precedence, type, currentPrecedence, i, len, raw, fragment, multiline, leftChar, leftSource, rightChar, rightSource, allowIn, allowCall, allowUnparenthesizedNew, property, key, value;

        precedence = option.precedence;
        allowIn = option.allowIn;
        allowCall = option.allowCall;
        type = expr.type || option.type;

        if (extra.verbatim && expr.hasOwnProperty(extra.verbatim)) {
            return generateVerbatim(expr, option);
        }

        switch (type) {
        case Syntax.SequenceExpression:
            result = [];
            allowIn |= (Precedence.Sequence < precedence);
            for (i = 0, len = expr.expressions.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                result.push(generateExpression(expr.expressions[i], {
                    precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                    allowIn: allowIn,
                    allowCall: true
                }));
                if (i + 1 < len) {
                    result.push(',' + space);
                }
            }
            result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.Sequence, precedence);
            break;

        case Syntax.AssignmentExpression:
            allowIn |= (Precedence.Assignment < precedence);
            result = parenthesize(
                [
                    generateExpression(expr.left, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Call,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    space + expr.operator + space,
                    generateExpression(expr.right, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                ],
                Precedence.Assignment,
                precedence
            );
            break;

        case Syntax.ConditionalExpression:
            allowIn |= (Precedence.Conditional < precedence);
            result = parenthesize(
                [
                    generateExpression(expr.test, {
                        precedence: Precedence.LogicalOR,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    space + '?' + space,
                    generateExpression(expr.consequent, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    space + ':' + space,
                    generateExpression(expr.alternate, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                ],
                Precedence.Conditional,
                precedence
            );
            break;

        case Syntax.LogicalExpression:
        case Syntax.BinaryExpression:
            currentPrecedence = BinaryPrecedence[expr.operator];

            allowIn |= (currentPrecedence < precedence);

            fragment = generateExpression(expr.left, {
                precedence: currentPrecedence,
                allowIn: allowIn,
                allowCall: true
            });

            leftSource = fragment.toString();

            if (leftSource.charAt(leftSource.length - 1) === '/' && isIdentifierPart(expr.operator.charAt(0))) {
                result = [fragment, ' ', expr.operator];
            } else {
                result = join(fragment, expr.operator);
            }

            fragment = generateExpression(expr.right, {
                precedence: currentPrecedence + 1,
                allowIn: allowIn,
                allowCall: true
            });

            if (expr.operator === '/' && fragment.toString().charAt(0) === '/') {
                // If '/' concats with '/', it is interpreted as comment start
                result.push(' ', fragment);
            } else {
                result = join(result, fragment);
            }

            if (expr.operator === 'in' && !allowIn) {
                result = ['(', result, ')'];
            } else {
                result = parenthesize(result, currentPrecedence, precedence);
            }

            break;

        case Syntax.CallExpression:
            result = [generateExpression(expr.callee, {
                precedence: Precedence.Call,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true,
                allowUnparenthesizedNew: false
            })];

            result.push('(');
            for (i = 0, len = expr['arguments'].length; i < len; i += 1) {
                result.push(generateExpression(expr['arguments'][i], {
                    precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                }));
                if (i + 1 < len) {
                    result.push(',' + space);
                }
            }
            result.push(')');

            if (!allowCall) {
                result = ['(', result, ')'];
            } else {
                result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.Call, precedence);
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.NewExpression:
            len = expr['arguments'].length;
            allowUnparenthesizedNew = option.allowUnparenthesizedNew === undefined || option.allowUnparenthesizedNew;

            result = join(
                'new',
                generateExpression(expr.callee, {
                    precedence: Precedence.New,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: false,
                    allowUnparenthesizedNew: allowUnparenthesizedNew && !parentheses && len === 0
                })
            );

            if (!allowUnparenthesizedNew || parentheses || len > 0) {
                result.push('(');
                for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
                    result.push(generateExpression(expr['arguments'][i], {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }));
                    if (i + 1 < len) {
                        result.push(',' + space);
                    }
                }
                result.push(')');
            }

            result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.New, precedence);
            break;

        case Syntax.MemberExpression:
            result = [generateExpression(expr.object, {
                precedence: Precedence.Call,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: allowCall,
                allowUnparenthesizedNew: false
            })];

            if (expr.computed) {
                result.push('[', generateExpression(expr.property, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: allowCall
                }), ']');
            } else {
                if (expr.object.type === Syntax.Literal && typeof expr.object.value === 'number') {
                    if (result.indexOf('.') < 0) {
                        if (!/[eExX]/.test(result) && !(result.length >= 2 && result[0] === '0')) {
                            result.push('.');
                        }
                    }
                }
                result.push('.' + expr.property.name);
            }

            result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.Member, precedence);
            break;

        case Syntax.UnaryExpression:
            fragment = generateExpression(expr.argument, {
                precedence: Precedence.Unary,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true
            });

            if (space === '') {
                result = join(expr.operator, fragment);
            } else {
                result = [expr.operator];
                if (expr.operator.length > 2) {
                    // delete, void, typeof
                    // get `typeof []`, not `typeof[]`
                    result = join(result, fragment);
                } else {
                    // Prevent inserting spaces between operator and argument if it is unnecessary
                    // like, `!cond`
                    leftSource = toSourceNode(result).toString();
                    leftChar = leftSource.charAt(leftSource.length - 1);
                    rightChar = fragment.toString().charAt(0);

                    if (((leftChar === '+' || leftChar === '-') && leftChar === rightChar) || (isIdentifierPart(leftChar) && isIdentifierPart(rightChar))) {
                        result.push(' ', fragment);
                    } else {
                        result.push(fragment);
                    }
                }
            }
            result = parenthesize(result, Precedence.Unary, precedence);
            break;

        case Syntax.YieldExpression:
            if (expr.delegate) {
                result = 'yield*';
            } else {
                result = 'yield';
            }
            if (expr.argument) {
                result = join(
                    result,
                    generateExpression(expr.argument, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                );
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.UpdateExpression:
            if (expr.prefix) {
                result = parenthesize(
                    [
                        expr.operator,
                        generateExpression(expr.argument, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Unary,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        })
                    ],
                    Precedence.Unary,
                    precedence
                );
            } else {
                result = parenthesize(
                    [
                        generateExpression(expr.argument, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Postfix,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        }),
                        expr.operator
                    ],
                    Precedence.Postfix,
                    precedence
                );
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.FunctionExpression:
            result = 'function';
            if (expr.id) {
                result += ' ' + expr.id.name;
            } else {
                result += space;
            }

            result = [result, generateFunctionBody(expr)];
            break;

        case Syntax.ArrayPattern:
        case Syntax.ArrayExpression:
            if (!expr.elements.length) {
                result = '[]';
                break;
            }
            multiline = expr.elements.length > 1;
            result = ['[', multiline ? newline : ''];
            withIndent(function (indent) {
                for (i = 0, len = expr.elements.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    if (!expr.elements[i]) {
                        if (multiline) {
                            result.push(indent);
                        }
                        if (i + 1 === len) {
                            result.push(',');
                        }
                    } else {
                        result.push(multiline ? indent : '', generateExpression(expr.elements[i], {
                            precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        }));
                    }
                    if (i + 1 < len) {
                        result.push(',' + (multiline ? newline : space));
                    }
                }
            });
            if (multiline && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                result.push(newline);
            }
            result.push(multiline ? base : '', ']');
            break;

        case Syntax.Property:
            if (expr.kind === 'get' || expr.kind === 'set') {
                result = [
                    expr.kind + ' ',
                    generateExpression(expr.key, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    generateFunctionBody(expr.value)
                ];
            } else {
                if (expr.shorthand) {
                    result = generateExpression(expr.key, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    });
                } else if (expr.method) {
                    result = [];
                    if (expr.value.generator) {
                        result.push('*');
                    }
                    result.push(generateExpression(expr.key, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }), generateFunctionBody(expr.value));
                } else {
                    result = [
                        generateExpression(expr.key, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        }),
                        ':' + space,
                        generateExpression(expr.value, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        })
                    ];
                }
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.ObjectExpression:
            if (!expr.properties.length) {
                result = '{}';
                break;
            }
            multiline = expr.properties.length > 1;

            withIndent(function (indent) {
                fragment = generateExpression(expr.properties[0], {
                    precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true,
                    type: Syntax.Property
                });
            });

            if (!multiline) {
                // issues 4
                // Do not transform from
                //   dejavu.Class.declare({
                //       method2: function () {}
                //   });
                // to
                //   dejavu.Class.declare({method2: function () {
                //       }});
                if (!hasLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                    result = [ '{', space, fragment, space, '}' ];
                    break;
                }
            }

            withIndent(function (indent) {
                result = [ '{', newline, indent, fragment ];

                if (multiline) {
                    result.push(',' + newline);
                    for (i = 1, len = expr.properties.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                        result.push(indent, generateExpression(expr.properties[i], {
                            precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true,
                            type: Syntax.Property
                        }));
                        if (i + 1 < len) {
                            result.push(',' + newline);
                        }
                    }
                }
            });

            if (!endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                result.push(newline);
            }
            result.push(base, '}');
            break;

        case Syntax.ObjectPattern:
            if (!expr.properties.length) {
                result = '{}';
                break;
            }

            multiline = false;
            if (expr.properties.length === 1) {
                property = expr.properties[0];
                if (property.value.type !== Syntax.Identifier) {
                    multiline = true;
                }
            } else {
                for (i = 0, len = expr.properties.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    property = expr.properties[i];
                    if (!property.shorthand) {
                        multiline = true;
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            result = ['{', multiline ? newline : '' ];

            withIndent(function (indent) {
                for (i = 0, len = expr.properties.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    result.push(multiline ? indent : '', generateExpression(expr.properties[i], {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }));
                    if (i + 1 < len) {
                        result.push(',' + (multiline ? newline : space));
                    }
                }
            });

            if (multiline && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                result.push(newline);
            }
            result.push(multiline ? base : '', '}');
            break;

        case Syntax.ThisExpression:
            result = 'this';
            break;

        case Syntax.Identifier:
            result = expr.name;
            break;

        case Syntax.Literal:
            if (expr.hasOwnProperty('raw') && parse) {
                try {
                    raw = parse(expr.raw).body[0].expression;
                    if (raw.type === Syntax.Literal) {
                        if (raw.value === expr.value) {
                            result = expr.raw;
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                } catch (e) {
                    // not use raw property
                }
            }

            if (expr.value === null) {
                result = 'null';
                break;
            }

            if (typeof expr.value === 'string') {
                result = escapeString(expr.value);
                break;
            }

            if (typeof expr.value === 'number') {
                result = generateNumber(expr.value);
                break;
            }

            if (typeof expr.value === 'boolean') {
                result = expr.value ? 'true' : 'false';
                break;
            }

            result = generateRegExp(expr.value);
            break;

        case Syntax.ComprehensionExpression:
            result = [
                '[',
                generateExpression(expr.body, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                })
            ];

            if (expr.blocks) {
                for (i = 0, len = expr.blocks.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    fragment = generateExpression(expr.blocks[i], {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    });
                    result = join(result, fragment);
                }
            }

            if (expr.filter) {
                result = join(result, 'if' + space);
                fragment = generateExpression(expr.filter, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                });
                if (extra.moz.parenthesizedComprehensionBlock) {
                    result = join(result, [ '(', fragment, ')' ]);
                } else {
                    result = join(result, fragment);
                }
            }
            result.push(']');
            break;

        case Syntax.ComprehensionBlock:
            if (expr.left.type === Syntax.VariableDeclaration) {
                fragment = [
                    expr.left.kind + ' ',
                    generateStatement(expr.left.declarations[0], {
                        allowIn: false
                    })
                ];
            } else {
                fragment = generateExpression(expr.left, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Call,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                });
            }

            fragment = join(fragment, expr.of ? 'of' : 'in');
            fragment = join(fragment, generateExpression(expr.right, {
                precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true
            }));

            if (extra.moz.parenthesizedComprehensionBlock) {
                result = [ 'for' + space + '(', fragment, ')' ];
            } else {
                result = join('for' + space, fragment);
            }
            break;

        default:
            throw new Error('Unknown expression type: ' + expr.type);
        }

        return toSourceNode(result, expr);
    }

    function generateStatement(stmt, option) {
        var i, len, result, node, allowIn, functionBody, directiveContext, fragment, semicolon;

        allowIn = true;
        semicolon = ';';
        functionBody = false;
        directiveContext = false;
        if (option) {
            allowIn = option.allowIn === undefined || option.allowIn;
            if (!semicolons && option.semicolonOptional === true) {
                semicolon = '';
            }
            functionBody = option.functionBody;
            directiveContext = option.directiveContext;
        }

        switch (stmt.type) {
        case Syntax.BlockStatement:
            result = ['{', newline];

            withIndent(function () {
                for (i = 0, len = stmt.body.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    fragment = addIndent(generateStatement(stmt.body[i], {
                        semicolonOptional: i === len - 1,
                        directiveContext: functionBody
                    }));
                    result.push(fragment);
                    if (!endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                        result.push(newline);
                    }
                }
            });

            result.push(addIndent('}'));
            break;

        case Syntax.BreakStatement:
            if (stmt.label) {
                result = 'break ' + stmt.label.name + semicolon;
            } else {
                result = 'break' + semicolon;
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.ContinueStatement:
            if (stmt.label) {
                result = 'continue ' + stmt.label.name + semicolon;
            } else {
                result = 'continue' + semicolon;
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.DirectiveStatement:
            if (stmt.raw) {
                result = stmt.raw + semicolon;
            } else {
                result = escapeDirective(stmt.directive) + semicolon;
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.DoWhileStatement:
            // Because `do 42 while (cond)` is Syntax Error. We need semicolon.
            result = join('do', maybeBlock(stmt.body));
            result = maybeBlockSuffix(stmt.body, result);
            result = join(result, [
                'while' + space + '(',
                generateExpression(stmt.test, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                }),
                ')' + semicolon
            ]);
            break;

        case Syntax.CatchClause:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = [
                    'catch' + space + '(',
                    generateExpression(stmt.param, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    ')'
                ];
            });
            result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.body));
            break;

        case Syntax.DebuggerStatement:
            result = 'debugger' + semicolon;
            break;

        case Syntax.EmptyStatement:
            result = ';';
            break;

        case Syntax.ExpressionStatement:
            result = [generateExpression(stmt.expression, {
                precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true
            })];
            // 12.4 '{', 'function' is not allowed in this position.
            // wrap expression with parentheses
            if (result.toString().charAt(0) === '{' || (result.toString().slice(0, 8) === 'function' && " (".indexOf(result.toString().charAt(8)) >= 0) || (directive && directiveContext && stmt.expression.type === Syntax.Literal && typeof stmt.expression.value === 'string')) {
                result = ['(', result, ')' + semicolon];
            } else {
                result.push(semicolon);
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.VariableDeclarator:
            if (stmt.init) {
                result = [
                    generateExpression(stmt.id, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    }) + space + '=' + space,
                    generateExpression(stmt.init, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Assignment,
                        allowIn: allowIn,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                ];
            } else {
                result = stmt.id.name;
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.VariableDeclaration:
            result = [stmt.kind];
            // special path for
            // var x = function () {
            // };
            if (stmt.declarations.length === 1 && stmt.declarations[0].init &&
                    stmt.declarations[0].init.type === Syntax.FunctionExpression) {
                result.push(' ', generateStatement(stmt.declarations[0], {
                    allowIn: allowIn
                }));
            } else {
                // VariableDeclarator is typed as Statement,
                // but joined with comma (not LineTerminator).
                // So if comment is attached to target node, we should specialize.
                withIndent(function () {
                    node = stmt.declarations[0];
                    if (extra.comment && node.leadingComments) {
                        result.push('\n', addIndent(generateStatement(node, {
                            allowIn: allowIn
                        })));
                    } else {
                        result.push(' ', generateStatement(node, {
                            allowIn: allowIn
                        }));
                    }

                    for (i = 1, len = stmt.declarations.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                        node = stmt.declarations[i];
                        if (extra.comment && node.leadingComments) {
                            result.push(',' + newline, addIndent(generateStatement(node, {
                                allowIn: allowIn
                            })));
                        } else {
                            result.push(',' + space, generateStatement(node, {
                                allowIn: allowIn
                            }));
                        }
                    }
                });
            }
            result.push(semicolon);
            break;

        case Syntax.ThrowStatement:
            result = [join(
                'throw',
                generateExpression(stmt.argument, {
                    precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                    allowIn: true,
                    allowCall: true
                })
            ), semicolon];
            break;

        case Syntax.TryStatement:
            result = ['try', maybeBlock(stmt.block)];
            result = maybeBlockSuffix(stmt.block, result);
            for (i = 0, len = stmt.handlers.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                result = join(result, generateStatement(stmt.handlers[i]));
                if (stmt.finalizer || i + 1 !== len) {
                    result = maybeBlockSuffix(stmt.handlers[i].body, result);
                }
            }
            if (stmt.finalizer) {
                result = join(result, ['finally', maybeBlock(stmt.finalizer)]);
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.SwitchStatement:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = [
                    'switch' + space + '(',
                    generateExpression(stmt.discriminant, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    ')' + space + '{' + newline
                ];
            });
            if (stmt.cases) {
                for (i = 0, len = stmt.cases.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    fragment = addIndent(generateStatement(stmt.cases[i], {semicolonOptional: i === len - 1}));
                    result.push(fragment);
                    if (!endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                        result.push(newline);
                    }
                }
            }
            result.push(addIndent('}'));
            break;

        case Syntax.SwitchCase:
            withIndent(function () {
                if (stmt.test) {
                    result = [
                        join('case', generateExpression(stmt.test, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                            allowIn: true,
                            allowCall: true
                        })),
                        ':'
                    ];
                } else {
                    result = ['default:'];
                }

                i = 0;
                len = stmt.consequent.length;
                if (len && stmt.consequent[0].type === Syntax.BlockStatement) {
                    fragment = maybeBlock(stmt.consequent[0]);
                    result.push(fragment);
                    i = 1;
                }

                if (i !== len && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(result).toString())) {
                    result.push(newline);
                }

                for (; i < len; i += 1) {
                    fragment = addIndent(generateStatement(stmt.consequent[i], {semicolonOptional: i === len - 1 && semicolon === ''}));
                    result.push(fragment);
                    if (i + 1 !== len && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                        result.push(newline);
                    }
                }
            });
            break;

        case Syntax.IfStatement:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = [
                    'if' + space + '(',
                    generateExpression(stmt.test, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    ')'
                ];
            });
            if (stmt.alternate) {
                result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.consequent));
                result = maybeBlockSuffix(stmt.consequent, result);
                if (stmt.alternate.type === Syntax.IfStatement) {
                    result = join(result, ['else ', generateStatement(stmt.alternate, {semicolonOptional: semicolon === ''})]);
                } else {
                    result = join(result, join('else', maybeBlock(stmt.alternate, semicolon === '')));
                }
            } else {
                result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.consequent, semicolon === ''));
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.ForStatement:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = ['for' + space + '('];
                if (stmt.init) {
                    if (stmt.init.type === Syntax.VariableDeclaration) {
                        result.push(generateStatement(stmt.init, {allowIn: false}));
                    } else {
                        result.push(generateExpression(stmt.init, {
                            precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                            allowIn: false,
                            allowCall: true
                        }), ';');
                    }
                } else {
                    result.push(';');
                }

                if (stmt.test) {
                    result.push(space, generateExpression(stmt.test, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }), ';');
                } else {
                    result.push(';');
                }

                if (stmt.update) {
                    result.push(space, generateExpression(stmt.update, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }), ')');
                } else {
                    result.push(')');
                }
            });

            result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.body, semicolon === ''));
            break;

        case Syntax.ForInStatement:
            result = ['for' + space + '('];
            withIndent(function () {
                if (stmt.left.type === Syntax.VariableDeclaration) {
                    withIndent(function () {
                        result.push(stmt.left.kind + ' ', generateStatement(stmt.left.declarations[0], {
                            allowIn: false
                        }));
                    });
                } else {
                    result.push(generateExpression(stmt.left, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Call,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }));
                }

                result = join(result, 'in');
                result = [join(
                    result,
                    generateExpression(stmt.right, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                ), ')'];
            });
            result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.body, semicolon === ''));
            break;

        case Syntax.LabeledStatement:
            result = [stmt.label.name + ':', maybeBlock(stmt.body, semicolon === '')];
            break;

        case Syntax.Program:
            len = stmt.body.length;
            result = [safeConcatenation && len > 0 ? '\n' : ''];
            for (i = 0; i < len; i += 1) {
                fragment = addIndent(
                    generateStatement(stmt.body[i], {
                        semicolonOptional: !safeConcatenation && i === len - 1,
                        directiveContext: true
                    })
                );
                result.push(fragment);
                if (i + 1 < len && !endsWithLineTerminator(toSourceNode(fragment).toString())) {
                    result.push(newline);
                }
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.FunctionDeclaration:
            result = [(stmt.generator && !extra.moz.starlessGenerator ? 'function* ' : 'function ') + stmt.id.name, generateFunctionBody(stmt)];
            break;

        case Syntax.ReturnStatement:
            if (stmt.argument) {
                result = [join(
                    'return',
                    generateExpression(stmt.argument, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    })
                ), semicolon];
            } else {
                result = ['return' + semicolon];
            }
            break;

        case Syntax.WhileStatement:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = [
                    'while' + space + '(',
                    generateExpression(stmt.test, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    ')'
                ];
            });
            result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.body, semicolon === ''));
            break;

        case Syntax.WithStatement:
            withIndent(function () {
                result = [
                    'with' + space + '(',
                    generateExpression(stmt.object, {
                        precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                        allowIn: true,
                        allowCall: true
                    }),
                    ')'
                ];
            });
            result.push(maybeBlock(stmt.body, semicolon === ''));
            break;

        default:
            throw new Error('Unknown statement type: ' + stmt.type);
        }

        // Attach comments

        if (extra.comment) {
            result = addCommentsToStatement(stmt, result);
        }

        fragment = toSourceNode(result).toString();
        if (stmt.type === Syntax.Program && !safeConcatenation && newline === '' &&  fragment.charAt(fragment.length - 1) === '\n') {
            result = toSourceNode(result).replaceRight(/\s+$/, '');
        }

        return toSourceNode(result, stmt);
    }

    function generate(node, options) {
        var defaultOptions = getDefaultOptions(), result, pair;

        if (options != null) {
            // Obsolete options
            //
            //   `options.indent`
            //   `options.base`
            //
            // Instead of them, we can use `option.format.indent`.
            if (typeof options.indent === 'string') {
                defaultOptions.format.indent.style = options.indent;
            }
            if (typeof options.base === 'number') {
                defaultOptions.format.indent.base = options.base;
            }
            options = updateDeeply(defaultOptions, options);
            indent = options.format.indent.style;
            if (typeof options.base === 'string') {
                base = options.base;
            } else {
                base = stringRepeat(indent, options.format.indent.base);
            }
        } else {
            options = defaultOptions;
            indent = options.format.indent.style;
            base = stringRepeat(indent, options.format.indent.base);
        }
        json = options.format.json;
        renumber = options.format.renumber;
        hexadecimal = json ? false : options.format.hexadecimal;
        quotes = json ? 'double' : options.format.quotes;
        escapeless = options.format.escapeless;
        if (options.format.compact) {
            newline = space = indent = base = '';
        } else {
            newline = '\n';
            space = ' ';
        }
        parentheses = options.format.parentheses;
        semicolons = options.format.semicolons;
        safeConcatenation = options.format.safeConcatenation;
        directive = options.directive;
        parse = json ? null : options.parse;
        sourceMap = options.sourceMap;
        extra = options;

        if (sourceMap) {
            if (!exports.browser) {
                // We assume environment is node.js
                // And prevent from including source-map by browserify
                SourceNode = require('source-map').SourceNode;
            } else {
                SourceNode = global.sourceMap.SourceNode;
            }
        } else {
            SourceNode = SourceNodeMock;
        }

        switch (node.type) {
        case Syntax.BlockStatement:
        case Syntax.BreakStatement:
        case Syntax.CatchClause:
        case Syntax.ContinueStatement:
        case Syntax.DirectiveStatement:
        case Syntax.DoWhileStatement:
        case Syntax.DebuggerStatement:
        case Syntax.EmptyStatement:
        case Syntax.ExpressionStatement:
        case Syntax.ForStatement:
        case Syntax.ForInStatement:
        case Syntax.FunctionDeclaration:
        case Syntax.IfStatement:
        case Syntax.LabeledStatement:
        case Syntax.Program:
        case Syntax.ReturnStatement:
        case Syntax.SwitchStatement:
        case Syntax.SwitchCase:
        case Syntax.ThrowStatement:
        case Syntax.TryStatement:
        case Syntax.VariableDeclaration:
        case Syntax.VariableDeclarator:
        case Syntax.WhileStatement:
        case Syntax.WithStatement:
            result = generateStatement(node);
            break;

        case Syntax.AssignmentExpression:
        case Syntax.ArrayExpression:
        case Syntax.ArrayPattern:
        case Syntax.BinaryExpression:
        case Syntax.CallExpression:
        case Syntax.ConditionalExpression:
        case Syntax.FunctionExpression:
        case Syntax.Identifier:
        case Syntax.Literal:
        case Syntax.LogicalExpression:
        case Syntax.MemberExpression:
        case Syntax.NewExpression:
        case Syntax.ObjectExpression:
        case Syntax.ObjectPattern:
        case Syntax.Property:
        case Syntax.SequenceExpression:
        case Syntax.ThisExpression:
        case Syntax.UnaryExpression:
        case Syntax.UpdateExpression:
        case Syntax.YieldExpression:

            result = generateExpression(node, {
                precedence: Precedence.Sequence,
                allowIn: true,
                allowCall: true
            });
            break;

        default:
            throw new Error('Unknown node type: ' + node.type);
        }

        if (!sourceMap) {
            return result.toString();
        }

        pair = result.toStringWithSourceMap({
            file: options.sourceMap,
            sourceRoot: options.sourceMapRoot
        });

        if (options.sourceMapWithCode) {
            return pair;
        }
        return pair.map.toString();
    }

    // simple visitor implementation

    VisitorKeys = {
        AssignmentExpression: ['left', 'right'],
        ArrayExpression: ['elements'],
        ArrayPattern: ['elements'],
        BlockStatement: ['body'],
        BinaryExpression: ['left', 'right'],
        BreakStatement: ['label'],
        CallExpression: ['callee', 'arguments'],
        CatchClause: ['param', 'body'],
        ConditionalExpression: ['test', 'consequent', 'alternate'],
        ContinueStatement: ['label'],
        DirectiveStatement: [],
        DoWhileStatement: ['body', 'test'],
        DebuggerStatement: [],
        EmptyStatement: [],
        ExpressionStatement: ['expression'],
        ForStatement: ['init', 'test', 'update', 'body'],
        ForInStatement: ['left', 'right', 'body'],
        FunctionDeclaration: ['id', 'params', 'body'],
        FunctionExpression: ['id', 'params', 'body'],
        Identifier: [],
        IfStatement: ['test', 'consequent', 'alternate'],
        Literal: [],
        LabeledStatement: ['label', 'body'],
        LogicalExpression: ['left', 'right'],
        MemberExpression: ['object', 'property'],
        NewExpression: ['callee', 'arguments'],
        ObjectExpression: ['properties'],
        ObjectPattern: ['properties'],
        Program: ['body'],
        Property: ['key', 'value'],
        ReturnStatement: ['argument'],
        SequenceExpression: ['expressions'],
        SwitchStatement: ['discriminant', 'cases'],
        SwitchCase: ['test', 'consequent'],
        ThisExpression: [],
        ThrowStatement: ['argument'],
        TryStatement: ['block', 'handlers', 'finalizer'],
        UnaryExpression: ['argument'],
        UpdateExpression: ['argument'],
        VariableDeclaration: ['declarations'],
        VariableDeclarator: ['id', 'init'],
        WhileStatement: ['test', 'body'],
        WithStatement: ['object', 'body'],
        YieldExpression: ['argument']
    };

    VisitorOption = {
        Break: 1,
        Skip: 2
    };

    // based on LLVM libc++ upper_bound / lower_bound
    // MIT License

    function upperBound(array, func) {
        var diff, len, i, current;

        len = array.length;
        i = 0;

        while (len) {
            diff = len >>> 1;
            current = i + diff;
            if (func(array[current])) {
                len = diff;
            } else {
                i = current + 1;
                len -= diff + 1;
            }
        }
        return i;
    }

    function lowerBound(array, func) {
        var diff, len, i, current;

        len = array.length;
        i = 0;

        while (len) {
            diff = len >>> 1;
            current = i + diff;
            if (func(array[current])) {
                i = current + 1;
                len -= diff + 1;
            } else {
                len = diff;
            }
        }
        return i;
    }

    function extendCommentRange(comment, tokens) {
        var target, token;

        target = upperBound(tokens, function search(token) {
            return token.range[0] > comment.range[0];
        });

        comment.extendedRange = [comment.range[0], comment.range[1]];

        if (target !== tokens.length) {
            comment.extendedRange[1] = tokens[target].range[0];
        }

        target -= 1;
        if (target >= 0) {
            if (target < tokens.length) {
                comment.extendedRange[0] = tokens[target].range[1];
            } else if (token.length) {
                comment.extendedRange[1] = tokens[tokens.length - 1].range[0];
            }
        }

        return comment;
    }

    function attachComments(tree, providedComments, tokens) {
        // At first, we should calculate extended comment ranges.
        var comments = [], comment, len, i;

        if (!tree.range) {
            throw new Error('attachComments needs range information');
        }

        // tokens array is empty, we attach comments to tree as 'leadingComments'
        if (!tokens.length) {
            if (providedComments.length) {
                for (i = 0, len = providedComments.length; i < len; i += 1) {
                    comment = deepCopy(providedComments[i]);
                    comment.extendedRange = [0, tree.range[0]];
                    comments.push(comment);
                }
                tree.leadingComments = comments;
            }
            return tree;
        }

        for (i = 0, len = providedComments.length; i < len; i += 1) {
            comments.push(extendCommentRange(deepCopy(providedComments[i]), tokens));
        }

        // This is based on John Freeman's implementation.
        traverse(tree, {
            cursor: 0,
            enter: function (node) {
                var comment;

                while (this.cursor < comments.length) {
                    comment = comments[this.cursor];
                    if (comment.extendedRange[1] > node.range[0]) {
                        break;
                    }

                    if (comment.extendedRange[1] === node.range[0]) {
                        if (!node.leadingComments) {
                            node.leadingComments = [];
                        }
                        node.leadingComments.push(comment);
                        comments.splice(this.cursor, 1);
                    } else {
                        this.cursor += 1;
                    }
                }

                // already out of owned node
                if (this.cursor === comments.length) {
                    return VisitorOption.Break;
                }

                if (comments[this.cursor].extendedRange[0] > node.range[1]) {
                    return VisitorOption.Skip;
                }
            }
        });

        traverse(tree, {
            cursor: 0,
            leave: function (node) {
                var comment;

                while (this.cursor < comments.length) {
                    comment = comments[this.cursor];
                    if (node.range[1] < comment.extendedRange[0]) {
                        break;
                    }

                    if (node.range[1] === comment.extendedRange[0]) {
                        if (!node.trailingComments) {
                            node.trailingComments = [];
                        }
                        node.trailingComments.push(comment);
                        comments.splice(this.cursor, 1);
                    } else {
                        this.cursor += 1;
                    }
                }

                // already out of owned node
                if (this.cursor === comments.length) {
                    return VisitorOption.Break;
                }

                if (comments[this.cursor].extendedRange[0] > node.range[1]) {
                    return VisitorOption.Skip;
                }
            }
        });

        return tree;
    }

    exports.version = require('./package.json').version;
    exports.generate = generate;
    exports.attachComments = attachComments;
    exports.browser = false;
}());
/* vim: set sw=4 ts=4 et tw=80 : */
