by James Park
Each of the
following
11 pages
is a synopsis of a chapter from the
book-in-process.
The full outline of the book (four pages)
will be found here:
http://umn.edu/home/parkx032/SS.html
A very short version (one paragraph for
each chapter) will be found here:
http://umn.edu/home/parkx032/10KB-SS.html
The only printed version of the
sex-script
hypothesis
is a chapter of another book by James
Park, New Ways of Loving:
How Authenticity
Transforms Relationships: Chapter 7
"Loving Beyond Sex: Transcending
Our Imprinted Sex-Scripts".
http://umn.edu/home/parkx032/NWL105.html
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER I:
INTRODUCING
THE SEX-SCRIPT HYPOTHESIS
How shall we
understand our sexuality?
We experience within ourselves urges
we do not fully understand.
We do not know why certain things 'turn
us on'
and why other things have no sexual
impact
on us.
We also notice that sexual responses
vary greatly from person to person.
Why should there be so much variety in
something so basic?
This chapter
introduces a brand-new theory of human sexuality.
The sex-script hypothesis conjectures
that we have all been imprinted
with particular sets of fantasies,
stories,
scenarios, and sex-objects
that we carry around with us in our heads.
These stories cause sexual interest,
arousal, and orgasm in us.
We did not
inherit
our sex-scripts from the other animals.
Thus we cannot fully understand human
sexuality by studying animals.
Nor are these sex-scripts learned
the way we learn to drive a car.
After we have been imprinted with our
sex-scripts
(a mysterious process which seems to
take place
at critical periods during our first
two decades of life),
we do learn how we are supposed
to behave sexually.
But such learning does not account for
our sexual responses themselves.
Thus the various social theories of human
sexuality are not complete.
The
sex-script
hypothesis may explain our 'sex-drives'.
These mysterious urges and impulses may
be quite strong in our minds.
Some people find their 'sex-drives'
overwhelming
and uncontrollable.
And sometimes our 'sex-drives' seem out
of character for us.
We do not understand our sexual interests
and responses.
From the more mature perspective of our
adult selves,
we are sometimes puzzled or even dismayed
by our sexual preoccupations,
surprised by some of the things that
cause sexual arousal in us,
and intrigued by what passes thru our
minds when we have orgasms.
Sometimes lust and reason pull in a
different
directions.
We did not
choose
our particular set of sexual responses.
So somehow we must become acquainted
with our 'sex-drives'.
Even tho we did not create these
fantasies
and urges,
and even tho our arousal may seem
overwhelming,
ultimately we are always responsible
for our sexual behavior.
The
sex-script
hypothesis is a new model for human sexuality.
This new theory will have to be tested
and revised
over the next 50 or 100 years.
Such is the task of further creative
speculation
and scientific research in sexology.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER II:
THE
EVOLUTIONARY BACKGROUND OF HUMAN SEX-SCRIPTS
We human
beings
have descended from other sexy animals.
But our sexuality is no longer controlled
by genes and hormones,
as is the case with all the other animals.
Altho we still have the same impetus
for sex that all animals share,
we are aroused by abstract images,
stories,
and objects
in contrast to the genetically-given
sexual responses of other animals.
Animal sexual
behavior is often quite complex,
but it is stereotyped for each species.
The same pattern of competition,
'courtship',
and mating
is found in that species thru-out the
world.
The scientific study of animal sex can
provide valuable information
about the sexual anatomy and hormones
we share with other animals,
but human sexual behavior has now moved
beyond
the genetically-given patterns of sex
found in the animal kingdom.
We have
inherited
the fact of sex-files from our animal forebears.
But none of the content of ape
sex-files was passed down to us.
Animal sexual responses are 'hard-wired'
into them from birth.
(And their hormones control just when
these responses become active.)
In contrast, our human sex-files are
empty
at birth;
and they will be filled by sexual
imprinting
at special times during our first two
decades of life.
Animals do
not
have sex-scripts as we have
because they do not speak and have
developed
no abstract languages.
But human sex-scripts are completely
dominated by abstract symbols,
even if some of our sex-scripts imitate
animal sexuality.
We human
beings
are the narrative animals.
Our behavior is largely organized around
the stories we try to fulfill.
And our sex-lives are also dominated
by our sex-scripts
—imprinted images, symbols, and scenarios
that 'turn us on'
and the sexual experiences we dream of
having.
Our early
human
ancestors probably had rather simple sex-scripts.
Their imprinted fantasies came from their
everyday experience.
But we modern human beings find ourselves
imprinted
with many fantasies that could only
emerge
in advanced cultures.
And because our culture is more secretive
and repressed
about sexuality than most primitive
cultures
were,
our imprinted sex-scripts adopt little
from the natural world
and incorporate more images and ideas
from human culture.
The sexual
imprinting
we received before we turned 20 years of age
stays with us for the rest of our lives
because biological evolution
had no reason to develop 'mature'
sexuality
for later life.
Thus whatever sex-scripts we had at age
20
probably will influence our sexual
behavior
thru-out our adult lives.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER III:
SEXUAL
IMPRINTING AT CRITICAL PERIODS
IN
PSYCHO-SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT
We discover
ourselves
possessed by involuntary sexual responses
—sexual interests, sexual arousal, and
sexual orgasms—
that we did not choose for ourselves.
The sex-script hypothesis conjectures
that these responses
were imprinted in our brains during the
first two decades of our lives.
But there does not seem to be any uniform
period
in which such sexual imprinting takes
place in each life.
Puberty seems the most likely time when
we get our sex-scripts,
but some evidence suggests that there
are other critical periods
that may be just as important in some
lives.
Perhaps the
human
mind has a built-in 'sex-file'
—the 'place' where sexual input is
received
and kept.
The other animals have full
sex-files;
their sexual responses are given entirely
by their genes and hormones.
But we human beings seem to be born with
empty
sex-files.
This means that our young minds have
a deep interest in things sexual,
but we do not have any specific
instructions
about how to have sex, etc.
And at first we do not know which things
are sexual and which are not.
So we may end up with strange items in
our sex-files,
objects and events that are not really
sexual,
but which become sexual for us when they
are inserted into our sex-files.
At 'puberty'
in animals, the genetic instructions in their DNA
switches on the hormones that control
their sexual behavior.
When they get to this stage in their
automatic development,
they 'naturally know' everything they
need to know about sex.
They can have sex with other members
of their species
without having observed any sexual
behavior
at all.
But human
puberty
does not bring any built-in sex-instructions.
Teen-agers just become intensely
interested
in everything sexual.
But the specific sexual responses they
will have as adults
have not yet been imprinted, at least
not in some of them.
For some
human
beings, there may have been earlier periods
in their psycho-sexual development
when something caused them to be
particularly
open for sexual input.
Some children seem to be imprinted even
before they learn to speak.
When such early sexual imprinting takes
place, it must be non-verbal.
But the insertion of items into the
sex-file
of children who can speak
often takes the form of abstract symbols,
such as words, images,
and familiar objects that become sexual
objects for them.
Somehow our
minds
are compelled to organize the random things
inserted into our sex-files into coherent
sex-scripts
—connected stories or fantasies that
remain for the rest of our lives.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER IV:
THREE
LEVELS OF SEX-SCRIPTS
Our imprinted sex-scripts may be divided into three related levels:
1. Our
sexual-interest scripts:
These stories, images, and ideas catch
our interest on a sexual level.
When we find the sexual part of our minds
responding involuntarily
to specific objects that tantalize us
or to events that stir us,
this may disclose the contents of our
sexual-interest scripts.
2. Our
sexual-arousal scripts:
When certain ideas pass thru our minds,
they arouse our bodies sexually.
For instance, when we are reading a sexy
passage in a book,
we may find our bodies getting 'turned
on' involuntarily.
3. Our
sexual-orgasm
scripts:
In humans, sexual orgasm is usually
accompanied
by some mental content.
The special images and fantasies that
consistently cause orgasms
make up our sexual-orgasm scripts.
Or we may experience it the other way
round:
When we have orgasms, certain images
or stories flash thru our minds.
Female
breasts
frequently appear in male sex-scripts on all levels:
Men find women's breasts of intense
sexual
interest.
Some men become sexually aroused when
viewing or thinking about breasts.
And breasts may appear as a strong
fantasy
object in some men's orgasms.
Because our
sex-scripts
are abstract mental images,
they work best with strangers
—people who fit well into our scripts
as imprinted
but whom we do not know in others ways
that might disrupt our 'pure' sexual
response.
Put another way, we can project our
fantasies
more easily on strangers,
as long as they trigger our sexual
interest,
arousal, and orgasms.
Instant
sexual
attraction
is almost always an expression of our
imprinted sex-scripts.
If we get to know the person deeply,
the "chemistry" may disappear,
because it was "all in our heads" to
begin with.
And if we find other reasons to continue
the relationship,
we may be able to look back on the first
encounter
and sort out how much was a manifestation
of our sex-scripts
and how much was something more
meaningful
we noticed about each other.
When
sex-scripts
are the main dynamic of a relationship,
it may be short-lived.
And if we find that we have a series
of intense sexual relationships
that last only a few weeks,
perhaps we should re-examine the basis
of our relationships.
Finding someone who 'really turns us
on' can be a wonderful experience,
but if we want more enduring
relationships,
we need some basis beyond our imprinted
sex-scripts.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER V:
VARIETIES
OF SEX-SCRIPTS
Human
sex-scripts
come in endless varieties.
Sexual imprinting seems able to put
almost
anything into a sex-script.
The most unusual sex-scripts are the
ones that get attention first.
But when we understand the origins and
dynamics of strange fantasies,
we will advance our understanding of
all sex-scripts.
Heterosexual/homosexual
is the most basic division of sex-scripts,
a division based on the sex of one's
fantasy sex-partner.
Sometimes famous people get imprinted
in one's sex-script
—movie stars, rock stars, politicians,
and other charismatic persons.
Some sex-scripts call for ever-new
partners,
which is one reason some people's
sex-lives
become promiscuous:
Old, familiar sex-partners do not 'turn
them on' as much as strangers.
Others find themselves imprinted on
family
members
or persons who resemble a father, mother,
sister, or brother.
Usually the
race
of one's fantasy sex-partner is one's own race.
But sometimes the script casts members
of another race or ethnic group
as particularly attractive or arousing.
Like stage
furniture
and imaginary locations,
some sex-scripts call for particular
objects to be present
or for the action to take place in a
specific 'stage setting',
with special clothes, gestures, and words.
When
punishment
or humiliation is part of the stage action,
we can sometimes trace the imprinting
back to childhood trauma.
What was originally a painful experience
for the child
became an erotic experience when it
entered
the child's sex-file.
Some people
discover
that their sex-scripts contain magical words.
When these are spoken, something special
happens in their bodies.
"Paraphilias" refer to unusual
sex-scripts:
odd objects, settings, or words, that
draw one's sexual interest,
cause sexual arousal, and trigger sexual
orgasm.
Some
sex-scripts
call for behavior outlawed by most societies,
for instance, fantasies that call for
children as sex-partners
and scenarios in which the sex-partners
are killed.
Rape, however, is the most common
criminal
sex-script.
But as we
understand
criminal sex-scripts better,
we will be able to devise more
enlightened
responses to such problems.
Criminal sexual behavior probably cannot
be changed by the normal means
used in prisons for attempting to reform
ordinary criminals
because the impetus behind sex offenses
differs from the reasons for all other
forms of crime.
One possible
treatment for sex-offenders is 'chemical castration'
—using sex-hormones to return the
offender
to a pre-pubertal state.
Some will agree to be 'de-sexed' so that
they lose all interest in sex
rather than spend the rest of their lives
behind bars.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER VI:
IDENTIFYING
OUR OWN SEX-SCRIPTS
Because our
sex-scripts
are usually deeply hidden in our psyches,
it may often be difficult to discover
what our 'sex-files' contain
and how these responses might have been
imprinted.
First we must wish to uncover our own
sex-scripts.
Our 'sex-files' may not be well organized
to start with.
They may be a chaos of images, feelings,
experiences, and fantasies.
And there is no direct way to sit down
and read this 'file'.
Some of the contents of our 'sex-files'
were inserted before we could understand
and use language.
Such contents exist only in non-verbal
forms.
Once we have
decided to examine our 'sex-files',
we may have to contend with a censoring
'file-clerk' who guards the file.
A part of our minds denies us access
to our own basement storage rooms.
But here are
a few ways to get past the 'file-clerk':
We can try free word-association
to see what comes up in response to
certain
trigger words.
We may be surprised by some of the
connections
discovered inside our minds.
Or we can analyze our involuntary
over-reactions
to various events,
which may suggest a background in sexual
imprinting.
Also we can
pay
close attention to our dreams,
especially those with obvious sexual
content.
At night, the 'file-clerk' seems to be
asleep.
Our sex-scripts play their fantasies
more freely thru sleeping minds.
Who are the other people in our erotic
dreams?
What kinds of sexual adventures do we
have in dreamland?
Sexy
advertising
may involuntarily grab our attention.
These images catch us unawares, when
the 'file-clerk' is off duty.
And we respond spontaneously to whatever
attracts our sexual interest.
We can review
pornography to see which kinds 'turn us on'.
If commercially-produced pornography
depicts our private fantasies,
we know we are not the only ones who
have those responses.
Our sexual imprinting probably preceded
our exposure to pornography.
Thus our spontaneous responses to
pornographic
images and events
disclose the sex-scripts that already
exist deep in our minds.
If we remind
ourselves ahead of time
that we did not create our own sexual
imprinting,
we can be more open-minded and less
moralistic
about our sex-scripts.
A scientific approach to our sex-scripts
should help us make explicit
the sexual dynamics that have been
operating
for most of our lives.
We can uncover the images, stories,
fantasies,
and objects
that our minds have put together to form
our sex-scripts.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER VII:
HOMOSEXUAL
SEX-SCRIPTS
Historically
homosexual sex-scripts have been treated
as if they were fundamentally different
from heterosexual sex-scripts,
but sex-script theory suggests that all
sex-scripts originate
in sexual imprinting in the first two
decades of life.
People who
find
that they have homosexual sex-scripts
(who find themselves responding to
members
of the same sex)
are often surprised by this discovery.
And many of them try to change their
sexual responses.
But very few have found ways to modify
their sex-scripts.
What they
thought
was a change of sex-script may easily have been:
(1) putting greater emphasis on other
imprinted sex-scripts;
(2) controlling sexual behavior
while the sexual orientation remains;
(3) making merely verbal or mental
changes,
moral reformation;
(4) transcending sex-scripts to create
specific sexual bonding.
As we
understanding
all forms of sex-scripts better,
and as society acknowledges greater
variety
in sexual life-styles,
there will be less effort to change
sex-scripts.
And everyone will learn to live with
whatever imprinting they have.
The lives of
juvenile male prostitutes, who sell sex to older men,
offers an opportunity to ask some
interesting
questions
about how and when sex-scripts are
imprinted.
If the boys began to sell sex before
their sex-scripts were imprinted,
did the practice of prostitution create
their sex-scripts?
Some male prostitutes are heterosexual
in their personal relationships.
How do they manage mentally to have one
kind of sex for cash
and another kind of sex for pleasure?
Preliminary
observations
of homosexual households
show that homosexual sex-scripts are
not 'caught' or learned.
Sex-scripts do not reflect surrounding
patterns of sexual behavior.
If homosexual
sex-scripts are more promiscuous,
this may be because society does not
support homosexual monogamy
or because some homosexual sex-scripts
call for ever-new partners.
When homosexual partnership is as
accepted
as heterosexual coupling,
these two kinds of relationships may
become more similar.
People who
find
themselves with homosexual sex-scripts
may ask themselves a lot of questions
about this discovery, such as:
How did this sex-script get imprinted
in my mind?
Would I like to change my given sexual
fantasies?
Can I reconciled myself to my sexual
responses?
And heterosexuals can ask themselves
the same questions.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER VIII:
THE
IMPACT OF SEX-SCRIPTS ON OUR RELATIONSHIPS
If our
imprinted
sexual fantasies shape our responses,
this is certain to have some impact on
our sexual relationships.
We probably began our adult relationships
for other reasons than sex,
for instance, because we experienced
good personal interaction.
We have matured in many ways to become
the adults we are,
but our sex-scripts have not matured
along with us.
Therefore, we may discover 'immature'
sexual responses
disrupting our otherwise adult loving
relationships.
When we have sex with the person we know
and love,
one or both may seem to revert to an
earlier phase of life.
If our
sex-scripts
are particularly strong,
our 'sex-drives' may seem to overwhelm
us at times.
We might seem to be possessed by alien
forces taking over our bodies.
And our sex-scripts may urge us to engage
in sexual behavior
that is distasteful to our
sex-partners--or
even to ourselves.
Put another way, we may experience a
struggle between lust and love.
As the adults we have become, we want
good loving relationships.
But when we open the sexual phase of
the relationships,
our 'adolescent' sexual responses may
overwhelm
the adult personalities we have become
thru years of personal growth.
Because our
sex-scripts
come from an earlier part of our lives,
we often do not want to share them with
our sex-partners.
But if we are entering a long-term sexual
relationships with someone,
perhaps that person should know our
sexual
dynamics,
even if we feel silly or ashamed about
our imprinted responses.
Many men seem
to have Playboy sex-scripts,
which means that they respond to
conventionally-sexy
women.
This may work fine as long as 'their
women' like to play bunny.
But women who resist being generic
Playboy
bunnies
may have problems relating to men with
such sex-scripts.
Likewise
women
sometimes have sex-scripts that depict macho men,
which may be difficult for real men to
emulate.
The kind of man who 'really turns her
on'
may not be the person she wants to love.
Once again we have the tension between
lust and love.
The woman may be torn between her
imprinted
response to movie heroes
and her response to a gem of a man who
could never become a sex-idol.
Or perhaps the woman gets 'turned on'
by a fantasy of sexual submission.
But in her real relationships with men,
she is not masochistic.
It should be
possible for rational people to admit to each other
that they have possibly-troublesome
sex-scripts.
But once they have discussed their
(unchangeable)
sexual imprinting,
they may be able to create a relationship
on a better foundation.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER IX:
TRANSCENDING
OUR SEX-SCRIPTS
As permanent
as our sex-scripts will probably remain,
there may be a possibility of living
and loving beyond them.
Such
transcending
of our imprinted sex-scripts
seems to occur only within on-going,
committed, loving relationships.
The specialness of the encounter between
two persons becomes so powerful
that their imprinted sex-scripts fade
into the background.
If and when
our
sex-scripts fade behind our specific relationships,
this shift shows itself by the loss of
our generic sexual responses
to bodies, objects, situations, or
personalities
that used to create sexual interest,
arousal, and orgasm.
When unique
sexual
bonding in particular relationships
replaces responding to our imprinted
sex-scripts,
we find that our sexual interest,
arousal,
and orgasms
are focused on particular persons.
Put another
way,
we find that I-Thou sex replaces I-It sex.
When we had I-It sexuality, we responded
to sexy strangers
because something about them activated
our imprinted sex-scripts.
They had generic sex-appeal, which would
have 'turned on'
anyone who had a sex-script for the type
of man or woman.
But I-Thou
sex
arises only in specific relationships
in which sexual bonding has already been
experienced.
If we are fully present in our sexual
celebration,
sex is an encounter of I and Thou on
the level of persons,
rather than generic responses arising
from our imprinting.
We began our sex-lives in role
sexuality,
responding to other personalities and
bodies
because of the sexual imprinting we
received
early in life.
We experienced role sexuality as
happening
to us
because our endocrine systems (guided
by our specific imprinting)
were providing the main dynamics of our
sexual experiences.
But this role
sexuality can be replaced by real sexuality
when we discover how to respond to
specific
other persons
because of who they are in their
uniqueness
rather than how well they awaken our
pre-existing sex-scripts.
Sexual bonding, which could not have
been expected beforehand,
arises in particular encounters with
real persons.
Whatever
experiences
we had during the years
in which our sex-lives were controlled
by our sex-scripts,
we may discover how to transcend that
way of being sexual
and how to open ourselves to the
possibility
of unique sexual bonding.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER X:
FUTURE
RESEARCH INTO HUMAN SEX-SCRIPTS
The
sex-script
hypothesis itself is a program for future research.
We have only informal observations
supporting
sex-script theory.
But researchers and others inspired by
this new model of sex
may organize their thinking, experience,
recollections, and research
so as to confirm, refute, or modify the
sex-script hypothesis.
The basic
research
will consist of collecting and analyzing
thousands of sex-scripts as understood
by the people who have them.
And we should
avoid several possibly-distorting influences
that could affect the conclusions of
such research,
such as the sex-scripts and the political
agendas of the researchers
and the dogmatism of established schools
of sexology.
Open-minded
research
will explore all plausible hypotheses.
Genetics offers one especially serious
challenge to sex-script theory:
If sex-scripts are transmitted from
generation
to generation
the way the sexual behavior of animals
is passed on—thru DNA—
then the hypothesis of sexual imprinting
will be disconfirmed.
As strange as
it may seem, prostitutes may be a good source
for information about the sex-scripts
of man—at least their customers.
And popular books about sexual fantasies
have already collected raw data
that may prove valuable for understanding
human sexuality.
Childhood
seems
to be the usual time for sexual imprinting.
What opens a child's sex-file?
What closes it?
Why does sexual imprinting seem to come
to an end after age 20?
Even tho we cannot do sexual experiments
with children,
we can record incidents that might have
imprinted a child's sex-file.
Or we—in our adult years—can try to
remember
childhood sexual events.
Sex-script
theory
provides a new approach for rape research.
Why are some men inclined to rape,
whereas
others are not?
Pornography
may
also be a useful avenue for sex-script research.
We may find that certain types of
pornography
correlate well
with the prevalence of those sex-scripts
in the population.
Sex-script
theory
may help untangle multiple personalities.
Perhaps each personality is formed around
an imprinted sex-script.
When adults
impose
sexual experiences on children,
such events may be sexually-imprinting
events for the children.
And adults' urges to have sex with
children
may have arisen
because they also were sexually abused
when they were children.
Hundreds of
questions
about human sexuality remain unanswered.
And as some clarity emerges, new
questions
will arise.
Sexology has made a good start; the
horizon
is beginning to open up.
SYNOPSIS OF CHAPTER XI:
SEX-SCRIPTS
IN THE 21st CENTURY
If the
sex-script
hypothesis is substantially upheld
by the next few decades of research in
human sexuality,
this new model will begin to have an
impact in the 21st century.
Mounting
population
pressures will require all organized societies
to be more careful about the number of
children born in each generation.
Birth planning will become almost
universal
in advanced societies.
And reliable forms of contraception
(backed up by safe abortions achieved
by drugs rather than surgery)
will permit sex to be almost complete
separated from reproduction.
This will profoundly affect sexual
behavior
in the 21st century.
And such changes may even affect the
imprinting of sex-scripts.
Research into
sex-scripts will become cross-cultural,
which should provide interesting clues
about the process of imprinting.
Sex between
adults
and children is likely to increase,
but greater openness about such behavior
can help us to understand
both the sex-scripts of the adults who
initiate such sexual encounters
and the sexual imprinting it probably
leaves in the children.
Greater
openness
about sex will clarify unusual sex-scripts,
which in the past were mostly hidden
and denied.
If the sex-script hypothesis removes
the stigma attached to paraphilias,
further research in this area will cast
more light on sexual imprinting.
But along
with
scientific advances in sexology,
there will also be more bizarre
fringe-theories
and cults.
But even such phenomena can help us to
understand sex-scripts better.
As a result
of
greater openness about all things sexual,
some unfortunate forms of sexual
imprinting
may disappear.
For instance, sex-positive imprinting
may replace at least some
of the sex-negative imprinting common
in former centuries.
If sexual
imprinting
is permanent,
then it should be taken into account
in selecting an occupation.
People should select occupations
compatible
with their sex-scripts.
For instance, necrophiliacs should stay
away from the funeral industry.
People sexually attracted to children
should avoid working with them.
And man aroused by touching women should
not become gynecologists.
Along with
these
many other changes,
we can expect a decline in traditional
marriage.
People will have sex without getting
married.
More flexible and open sexual
relationships
may largely replace
the traditional patterns of marriage
and the nuclear family.
YOUR COMMENTS WANTED
As mentioned at the beginning,
the above 11 pages are synopses of the chapters of a book-in-process
to be called The Sex-Script Hypothesis:
Toward a Comprehensive Theory of Human Sexuality.
Comments and questions should be sent to James Park by e-mail:
PARKx032@TC.UMN.EDU.
FURTHER READING
If you would like to read other books on of the
sex-script
hypothesis, click:
http://umn.edu/home/parkx032/B-SEX-SC.html
Return to the SEXOLOGY PAGE
Go to
the beginning of this website
James
Leonard Park—Free
Library