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Tinnitus is the perception of an insistent, unpleasant ringing, buzzing or other consistent noise, located in or near the skull but without a definable external source. Tinnitus is often perceived as a ringing or persistent high tone very close to or within the ear. Tinnitus is often regarded as a symptom of auditory conditions, such as damage to the tissues in the ear that control the perception of tones and frequencies. An increasing number of researchers argue that tinnitus is a disorder of the connections between the inner ear and certain areas of the brain.
Some scientists had developed a theory that tinnitus was associated with deficiencies in vitamin B12. Chronic inflammation of the middle ear (otitis media) may also be associated with some cases of tinnitus. Tinnitus related to otitis media may be improved by surgery to correct damage caused by this inflammation.

Age-related hearing impairments, or disorders of the circulatory system around the ear, may also be related to this complaint. Some scientists conclude that tinnitus is in fact related to damage of the nervous tissue in or around the auditory cortex of the brain. A recent study including 100 patients with tinnitus found that 63 of these had low vitamin B12 levels.
As the natural molecule histamine is associated with the regulation of both inflammation and some auditory nervous tissue, drugs that block its receptors in the brain are currently proposed as treatments for tinnitus. Darius Kohan is renowned for his otology expertise and has been highlighted on several outlets such as a CBS spotlight on tinnitus and is often cited in WEB MD and other medical outlets. Others have found associations between increased activity in further brain regions, age of tinnitus onset and distress caused by the syndrome. Other new and emerging treatments for tinnitus focus on the potential indicated by the studies into its links with abnormal brain activity, as mentioned earlier.

Tinnitus may have a significant negative impact on the life quality of those affected by it. Different research groups have concluded that chronic tinnitus may be associated with an impaired connection between the cerebral cortex, which controls advanced functions such as memory, perception of the environment and cognition, and the thalamus, which supplies the cortex with sensory information. A recent study, including 974 patients, indicated that hearing aids were preferable and more effective in treating blast-related tinnitus compared to noise generators.
Presuming further research confirms the findings of these studies, deep brain stimulation (a form of implant placed in the brain to correct this activity) may be a viable option for severe treatment-resistant tinnitus.

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