Treatment of hepatitis, herpes test results - How to DIY

Before initiating treatment for chronic hepatitis B, beneficial effects on clinical outcome must be balanced against the cost of therapy, medication side-effects, the risk of viral resistance, and the likelihood of response to antiviral therapy. Numerous guidelines have been published for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B[12,13,14,15]. Both publications draw attention to the growing body of evidence that the normal ALT range that should be used to make management decisions for patients with chronic hepatitis B may differ from normal ranges defined by local laboratories[16]. An important area of controversy in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is whether to treat patients in the immune tolerant phase of chronic hepatitis B (HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B and normal hepatic aminotransferase levels). World Hepatitis Day is here on 28 July, 2013 for spreading awareness worldwide on chronic viral hepatitis and it also supports those people who have hepatitis B or C, the two life threatening liver diseases. The vaccination coverage for hepatitis B and integration of the vaccine into national immunization programs should be increased. Hepatitis D: People who are already suffering from hepatitis B can also get infected with hepatitis D. Hepatitis C: Ribavirin and pegylated interferon are prescribed for patients suffering from hepatitis C.
Non-Viral Hepatitis: It is essential to remove the harmful substance in case a person has non-viral hepatitis. In a prospective study, investigators demonstrated that individuals with persistent hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) infection had shorter survival compared with those who exhibited spontaneous or treatment-induced HBeAg clearance[1]. It is important, however, to recognize that a beneficial effect of antiviral treatment on patient survival has only been documented in cirrhotic patients[6,7] and in patients undergoing immunosuppressive treatment[8]. Treatment of HBeAg-positive patients with high HBV DNA levels but low serum ALT levels generally results in lower rates of HBeAg seroconversion than treatment of comparable patients with elevated ALT[18,19]. Long-term follow-up of HBeAg-positive patients treated with interferon alfa for chronic hepatitis B. Risk of hepatocellular carcinoma across a biological gradient of serum hepatitis B virus DNA level.

Hepatitis B viremia is associated with increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic carriers. Lamivudine treatment in patients with severely decompensated cirrhosis due to replicating hepatitis B infection.
Lamivudine prevents reactivation of hepatitis B and reduces mortality in immunosuppressed patients: systematic review and meta-analysis.
National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Conference Statement: management of hepatitis B. A treatment algorithm for the management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection in the United States: an update. Peginterferon Alfa-2a, lamivudine, and the combination for HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B. Long-term entecavir treatment reduces hepatocellular carcinoma incidence in patients with hepatitis B virus infection. Regression of cirrhosis during treatment with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for chronic hepatitis B: a 5-year open-label follow-up study. The aim is to increase the awareness amongst people and also understanding the causes of viral hepatitis.
Hepatitis B virus causes this type that can spread by contact with infected semen, blood and some other fluids. The consumption of vitamin B12 supplements benefits those patients who are suffering from chronic hepatitis C and are receiving standard HCV treatments.
Indeed, a comprehensive review for the National Institutes of Health concluded that there was insufficient evidence to assess treatment effects on clinical outcomes[21].
There are approximately 500 million people-1 in 12 worldwide- are affected with either hepatitis B or C. When applying such treatment guidelines to patients with chronic hepatitis B, the following three clinical data are necessary: HBeAg status, ALT level, and HBV DNA level.

For decompensated cirrhotics, treatment should be considered for any patient with a detectable viral load, regardless of the level of viremia. Thus, initiating treatment for such patients is appropriate only if durable HBV DNA suppression is considered to be a valid treatment goal. Chronic and acute liver inflammation and infection are caused by hepatitis viruses such as A, B, C, D and E. Once this clinical information is available, clinicians can follow the treatment algorithm shown in (Figure 2) and (Figure 3).
The treatment algorithms published by Keeffe and colleagues in December 2008[14] and by Lok and McMahon (AASLD guidelines) in September 2009[15] are similar in many respects. Because of the high prevalence of fatty liver in such 'healthy' donors (thus effectively elevating the apparently 'normal' average ALT values for the population), use of the upper limit of normal obtained from such healthy donor pools may not maximize detection of individuals with underlying liver disease due to viral hepatitis[17]. In these cases of high HBV DNA levels but normal or minimally elevated ALT levels, current guidelines recommend continued monitoring with serial ALT and consideration of a liver biopsy, especially in older patients (greater than 40 years of age), with initiation of treatment if evidence of necroinflammatory disease or fibrosis is present[15,24].
The purpose of this year’s theme is to emphasize the fact that hepatitis is still unknown as a health threat in a large part of the world. For patients with persistently elevated ALT and high HBV DNA levels, regardless of HBeAg status, both publications recommend antiviral treatment. The other major issue is that most people are unaware that they are carrying chronic infection viruses of hepatitis B or C. About 1 million people die every year from causes associated with viral hepatitis, liver cancer and cirrhosis.
It is also important to note that a treatment decision should not be made on the basis of a single serum ALT measurement.

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