ࡱ> DFABC5@ bjbj22 XX."""""""6z#z#z#z#4#d6$:X$X$X$X$X$.$$ ֱرررررر$ϵR!d"X$X$""X$X$"X$"X$ֱֱ"""X$$ @t8 xz#zֱ׳0p 66"""""0$(MFjlTT$$$66Dz#z 66z# HYPERLINK "http://www.worldtribunal.org" www.worldtribunal.org WORLD TRIBUNAL ON IRAQ ISTANBUL FINAL SESSION JUNE 23-27, 2005 DARPHANE-I AMIRE BUILDINGS, TOPKAPI PALACE, ISTANBUL The records have to be kept and, by definition, the perpetrators, far from keeping records, try to destroy them. They are killers of the innocent and of memory. The records are required to inspire still further the mounting opposition to the new global tyranny. The new tyrants, incomparably over-armed, can win every war - both military and economic. Yet they are losing the war (this is how they call it) of communication. They are not winning the support of world public opinion. More and more people are saying NO. Finally this will be the tyranny's undoing. But after how many more tragedies, invasions and collateral disasters? After how much more of the new poverty the tyranny engenders? Hence the urgency of keeping records, of remembering, of assembling the evidence, so that the accusations become unforgettable, and proverbial on every continent. More and more people are going to say NO, for this is the precondition today for saying YES to all we are determined to save and everything we love. JOHN BERGER 18.06.2003 PARIS MIEUSSY WORLD TRIBUNAL ON IRAQ Istanbul hosts the World Tribunal on Iraq on 23-27 June The World Tribunal on Iraq, a product and an integral part of the global anti-war movement, is a search for justice and reclamation of our futures. It is an act of defiance against the multi-dimensional aggression we currently witness in Iraq, which has as its target not only Iraq, but the whole world. As the assault on Iraq began on 20 March 2003, separate efforts emerged in different corners of the world with the same source of inspiration, namely, the Russell Tribunal of the Vietnam War era. These efforts came together exactly two years ago, on 26-27 June 2003 at a workshop organised by participants from Turkey at the European Peace and Human Rights Networks Conference of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation in Brussels. At this meeting the initial core group of the WTI was formed. As the initiative found support at global anti-war assemblies in Jakarta, the European Social Forum and the World Social Forum, it spread rapidly and established connections in Iraq. The WTI initiative continued its work as a diverse, multi-voiced horizontal network of groups and individuals, respecting differences within the limits of the basic principles set at the international coordination meeting held in Istanbul in October 2003. The demand for justice and the impulse to reclaim justice that finds expression through the WTI is not only a matter of determining whether international law has been violated and declaring the perpetrators guilty. At a time when law, entrusted to international institutions that are confined by the vicious circles of inter-state politics, is trampled in the name of security along with hopes for peace and justice, the WTI effort also involves a demand for justice that seeks genuine security in a solidarity of hopes and suffering. A concrete example of this approach is the network of solidarity constituted in the process of organizing the WTI. If the essential aim of an act of judgement is to undo that which is unjust and unfair, then it is not possible to be content with pointing fingers at some criminals. Therefore, the WTI's work also requires a settling of accounts with the environment we live in. This, in turn, involves registering history against the rewriting of history by sovereigns; exposing the destruction incurred upon the people of Iraq and humanity, and discussing the alternatives. The scope of this tribunal also comprises the threats that nature, world resources and human security are confronted with as a direct result of the assault. The WTI aspires both to start the process of accountability and to register history, so that what happened in Iraq is not forgotten. Thus the process of judgement consists of the following: 1. To establish a complete record of what has been happening in Iraq. 2. To establish the global impact of the process of the invasion and occupation of Iraq. 3. To establish the roles and responsibilities of the actors in this process: Coalition governments, non-coalition governments, the UN and other international institutions, the media, international law and the global anti-war movement. 4. To put forward our alternatives, in order to challenge the order of things, to establish justice and to reclaim our futures. WHAT WE HAVE DONE Since November 2003, WTI held 20 sessions in various cities around the world. A broad network involving participants from 24 countries and supporters from all around the world established working groups in 17 different countries to realize these sessions; to spread the demand for bringing out the truth; to disseminate these facts so that they may strengthen the struggle against policies of war and hegemony imposed on the world and the people of Iraq. These sessions addressed the following issues: the violation of international law and humanitarian law during the war and occupation; the question of legitimacy; the responsibility of governments and international democratic institutions in enabling this war; the medias accountability; the grave responsibility of the political-economic project constituting the background of this war and the threat that it entails for the future; the impacts of the war on the Arab world; and the alternatives that the people of Iraq have for reclaiming their future. Under conditions marked by the continuation of the occupation in Iraq, threats against Iran and Syria, and the unravelling of plans concerning the Middle East, the Istanbul Session will constitute a culmination point for the process until now and a starting point for future processes. We hope that the experience of World Tribunal on Iraq and the facts uncovered in this process will strengthen struggles waged in Iraq and over the world against injustice and despotism. WORLD TRIBUNAL ON IRAQ - STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES The Istanbul Platform Text [Istanbul, October 29, 2003] Or1g1ns of the project The idea of organising an international tribunal against the invasion of Iraq originated nearly simultaneously in several places around the world. It was discussed and in principle supported at Anti-War Meetings during 2003 in Berlin, Jakarta and Geneva, Paris and Cancun. The Jakarta Peace Consensus declared on May 25th, 2003 its commitment to the realisation of an international war crimes tribunal. The proposal was also discussed at the Networking Conference (European Network for Peace and Human Rights) organised by the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation in Brussels on June 26 - 27th 2003, and the idea was broadly supported at that meeting. The working group meeting in Brussels discussed the idea and possibilities of convening an international tribunal to investigate and establish the crimes perpetrated against the people of Iraq and humanity. It was decided that it would consist of several hearings around the world, each of them focusing on different aspects of this war and the strategies behind it. The tribunal platform from Turkey was entrusted with the task of acting as the secretariat and the clearing house, and carrying out the coordination in close contact with the groups in Brussels, Hiroshima, New York, London and other cities. This international Coordinating Committe convened a meeting in Istanbul on October 27-29th 2003 to decide the concept, form and aims of the project. The leg1t1macy of the project A war of aggression was launched despite the opposition of people and governments all over the world. However, there is no court or authority that will judge the acts of the US and its allies. If the official authorities fail, then authority derived from universal morals and human rights principles can speak for the world. Our legitimacy derives from: the failure of official international institutions to hold accountable those who committed grave international crimes and constitute a continued menace to world peace; being part of the worldwide anti-war movement which expressed its opposition to this invasion. The Iraqi people resisting occupation; the duty of all people of conscience to take action against wars of aggression, war crimes, crimes against humanity and other breaches of international law; the struggles of the past to develop systems of peaceful co-existence and prevent future aggression and breaches of the UN Charter; giving voice to the voiceless victims of this war, articulating the concerns of civil society as expressed by the worldwide social justice and peace movements; " the will to bring the principles of international law to the forefront. Further, our legitimacy will be earned as we proceed to achieve the aims stated in this document. The tasks of the tr1bunal The first task of the tribunal is to investigate the crimes committed by the US government in launching the Iraq war. In spite of a world movement condemning this war and its clear violations of international law, the US government forced its premeditated war strategy upon the world. Moreover the US-government demands impunity and continues to put itself above all international laws and conventions. The second task is to investigate allegations of war crimes during the aggression, crimes against laws of occupation, humanitarian law and crimes against humanity, including genocide. Such an inquiry may include the sanctions imposed against Iraq and the use of illegal weapons which kill over generations, such as depleted uranium. The third task is the investigation and exposure of the New Imperial World Order. The tribunal would therefore consider the broader context of the doctrines of "pre-emptive war" and "preventive war" and all the consequences of those doctrines: benevolent hegemony, full spectrum dominance and multiple simultaneous theatre wars As part of this process, some hearings will investigate the vast economic interests involved in this rationalized war-logic. The tribunal, after having examined reports and documentary evidence and having listened to witnesses (Iraqi and international victims and various experts), will reach a decision. The a1ms In organising this International Tribunal we pursue four fundamental aims. " To establish the facts about what happened in Iraq and to inform the public about the crimes against peace, war crimes and crimes during the occupation, about the real goals behind this war and the dangers of this war logic for world peace. It is especially important to break the web of lies promulgated by the war-coalition and its imbedded press. To continue and strengthen the mobilization of the peace movement and the global anti-war protest. It is intended that the tribunal will not be an academic endeavour but will be backed by a strong international network. Anti-war and peace movements, which carried out the big mass movements against the attack on Iraq have in principle adopted the idea of indicting the aggressors and of setting up a campaign to support the tribunal process. The tribunal is to be considered a continuing process. The investigation of what happened in Iraq is of prime importance to restore truth and preserve collective memory against the constant rewriting of history. We are challenging the silence of international institutions and seeking to put them under pressure to fulfill their obligations under international law. In judging the recent past our aim is to prevent illegal wars in the future During this process the tribunal can formulate recommendations on international law and expand notions of justice and ethical-political awareness. It can contribute to providing alternatives to 'victors justice' and give a voice to the victims of the war. In doing so, we support the demands by world public opinion and the Iraqi people to end the occupation and restore Iraqi sovereignty. The International Tribunal initiative seeks to be part of a broader movement to stop the establishment of the new imperial world order as a permanent 'state of exception' with constant wars as one of its main tools. The Tribunal can bring a moral, political and judicial judgment that contributes to build a world of peace and justice. Form of the tr1bunal The general plan is to hold an independent world tribunal with: associated events, associated commissions of inquiry, commissions of investigation, hearings and specific issue tribunal sessions in various countries, culminating in a final tribunal session in Istanbul. As for now, other finalized locations for sessions are Brussels and Hiroshima. At the moment other proposals for sites of hearings include New York, Copenhagen, Munich and Mexico. Associated events will be held in London - Legal Inquiry into the Invasion and Military Occupation of Iraq - and at the WSF in Mumbai - World Court on War as Crime. The ICTI (International Criminal Tribunal for Iraq) of Japan that is now preparing for public hearings of Iraq tribunal throughout Japan and various Asian countries is a partner in the World Tribunal on Iraq and will contribute to the final session of WTI in Istanbul with all its findings. Being confronted with the paradox that we want to end impunity but we do not have the enforcement power to do so, we have to follow a middle way between mere political protest and academic symposiums without any judicial ambition on the one hand, and on the other hand, procedural trials of which the outcome is known beforehand. This paradox implies that we are just citizens and therefore have no right to judge in a strict judicial way and have at the same time the duty as citizens to oppose criminal and war policies, which should be our starting point and our strength. Although these commissions of inquiry will be working in conformity with an overall concept that will apply to the whole tribunal (spelled out in the Charter), the hearings will also have some autonomy oncerning format. By approaching the Iraq case from as many angles as possible (international law, geopolitical and economical analysis, we strengthen our common objective to end impunity and resist the imperial wars. In this way the hearings will mutually enforce each other and all the findings will be brought together in the final session in Istanbul. In order to be as inclusive as possible, we will support and recognize endeavours to resist impunity. The project will endorse and support the efforts to bring national authorities and warmakers to national courts (like the complaints filed in various state courts under the doctrine of Universal Jurisdiction ) and to international courts (like the International Criminal Court in the Hague). T1m1ng The core series of hearings started on Wednesday April 14th 2004 in Brussels and will end in a final tribunal session in Istanbul that has been starting on June 24th 2005. WORLD TRIBUNAL ON IRAQ IN ISTANBUL THE FINAL SESSION SYNOPSIS FOR THE FIRST DAY, 24 JUNE 2005 FIRST SESSION Illegality of Preventive Attack and Unilateral Use of Force Phil Shiner Based on the product of his work in several legal cases and inquiries questioning the legality of the use of force and war crimes in Iraq, Phil Shiners testimony will focus on three aspects of the illegality of the war, namely: the crime of aggression, war crimes and the illegality of the occupation. He will address the crime of aggression in terms of the legality of the use of force and whether the Security Council resolution 1441 authorized this. In relation to the focus on war crimes, he will argue that the decision on military objectives and necessity / proportionality were tainted with illegality as they were linked to the illegal objective of regime change. He will also argue that the use of cluster weapons constitutes a war crime not only because of their indiscriminate nature, but also because they could not possibly have been justified as a proportionate response to weapons of mass destruction. He will argue for the illegality of the occupation on the basis of concrete cases related to the conduct of US and UK forces during the occupation. The Conduct of the UN before and after the 2003 Invasion H.C. von Sponeck Mr. von Sponecks presentation will discuss in particular the UN Security Council who potentially had the power to make a difference with regard to the war on Iraq. This presentation will argue that the failure of the Council to make a humanitarian, ethical and legal difference is much more monumental than is commonly known and that this failure involves not only the betrayal of the Iraqi people but also the betrayal of the UN Charta and the betrayal of international conscience. Mr. Sponeck will assert that the voice of the people has replaced the UN Security Council as the international conscience and will outline three main challenges for the international peace movement. History of US and UK Intervention in Iraq Larry Everest This presentation will be divided into three parts. Starting with a brief overview of the major interventions undertaken in Iraq by the UK and the US beginning in World War 1, Larry Everest will then discuss the underlying economic, political, and military forces that have shaped this history; and will talk about the role international law and institutions have played in this history in the third part of his presentation. [Contesting] Empire's Law and Human Rights as Swords of Empire Amy Bartholomew Ms. Bartholomew will state in her presentation that according to the most elementary principles of legal justice, legitimate law must be universalistic, display equal recognition, equal applicability, impartiality and that law must be judged to be equally good for all. Concluding that the Bush Doctrine violates all of these principles of legality she will call the people of the world to demand the perpetrators of the aggressive illegal, immoral and irrational war against Iraq to be held responsible morally, politically and legally for the crimes they have committed, and for seeking to undermine the entire Post World War II regime of international legality. The Violation of the Will of the Global Anti-War Movement as a Crime against Peace Anthony Alessandrini This presentation will focus on the fact that the launching of the attack against Iraq by the U.S. and its allies in March 2003 was a direct violation of the will of the global anti-war movement, as manifested clearly throughout the world in the months leading up to the invasion. The most obvious manifestation of this international will to prevent the war occurred on February 15, 2003, when millions of people in cities throughout the world turned out to demand that the U.S. and its allies be prevented from launching this war. But on numerous occasions both before and since February 15, the will of the global anti-war movement, consisting of millions of people and representing the goals and interests of millions more, has been made abundantly clear. This testimony will seek to prove that the U.S. and its allies, in launching the illegal war against and maintaining the illegal occupation of Iraq, purposely and knowingly violated the will of the global anti-war movement as part of their larger pursuit of a strategy that will allow for unilateral military actions whenever and wherever they see fit, with no consequences for those who perpetrate these wars. SECOND SESSION U.S. Attack on Iraq and the Policy of the Turkish Government Bask1n Oran Stating that policies devised by AKP after the U.S. invasion of Iraq were inconsistent and unstable at a time when the party had just come into power in Turkey, Prof. Oran will explain in his presentation that upon U.S.'s illegal and unethical invasion of Iraq, Turkey faced an extremely complicated situation. While the Turkish government was effected by the possibility of the establishment of a Kurdish state in northern Iraq, many people and groups in Turkey - journalists, businessmen, and politicians - in the hope financial gains, supported the U.S. invasion and put pressure on the government. Bask1n Oran will explain the reasons why Turkey evaded cooperation in this invasion. The Responsibility of Arab Governments in the Iraq War Khaled Fahmy Given the fact that the war against Iraq has been waged with no sanction by international law and with no respect to the overwhelming public opinion against it, the U.S. government has been rightly condemned for how the war was waged. Fahmy will argue that little attention has been given to the role of Arab regimes (and also a big proportion of Arab nationalist public opinion) in allowing the Saddam regime to get away with many human rights violations within Iraq in the long period during which the Baath regime ruled Iraq. While not arguing that the U.S.-led war and the subsequent invasion of Iraq were made possible by this Arab complicity, this presentation will call for a closer look at the responsibility of Arab regimes for the misery of the Iraqi people under Saddam's regime. Taking a look at the brief history of the complicity of the Arab governments with the U.S.A., Khaled Fahmy will also discuss the oppression of opposition in Arab countries. THIRD SESSION Economic-Political Connections of Media Saul Landau Saul Landau will discuss the ways in which the major U.S. media has been instrumental in shaping mass opinion with regards to the invasion of Iraq. He will argue that the mass media, contrary to its appearance of independence from ruling authority, fails to question, analyze and evaluate the information provided by the representatives of the U.S. government. Landau will assert that the function of delivering the ideology and aesthetics of consumer society under the ownership of multinational corporations incapacitates the media in providing the news for politically involved citizenship. Media Wrongs in the War and Occupation David Miller This presentation will argue that the conduct and role of the media in the case of Iraq must be understood in terms of the underlying interests and policies of both the media institutions themselves and of the US and UK governments in relation to information. Miller will assert that it is important to understand the philosophy, administration and practice of the propaganda apparatus in order to understand how the media have performed. His evidence will therefore focus first on the philosophy of information control, then on the apparatus and administration of propaganda, before examining its effects on media performance. Media Wrongs Against Truth and Humanity Jayan Nayar Based on the work of the WTI Rome Session on Media Wrongs against Truth and Humanity, Jayan Nayar's presentation will address the question: How do we speak about the responsibilities of 'Media' institutions with respect to 'truth-telling'? Nayar, who has been working extensively on the concept of peoples' law will approach the issue from this perspective. He will argue that although the war in Iraq has raised many issues about media disinformation and 'propaganda', thus far, little discussion has involved a recognition of peoples wronged. The presentation will argue for the need to shift the focus on media responsibilities to the social context of human lives and will underline the need for an empowered, peoples language to demand recognition of media violations. SYNOPSIS FOR THE SECOND DAY, 25 JUNE 2005 FOURTH SESSION The Excessive Use of Weapons and Banned Weapons Akira Maeda, Sayo Saruta & Koichi Inamori The presentation will be covering the issue of excessive use of weapons and the use of banned weapons in the war against Iraq including the issue of the use of depleted uranium. Three Japanese speakers from ICTI (International Criminal Tribunal for Iraq) will share the alloted time basing their arguments on the investigations and analyses conducted through the 14 public hearings and sessions held in Japan, the one held in Manila, the Philippines, included. The findings and outcomes of them were integrated and concluded as the decision of ICTI. This testimony will be the epitomization of the relevant part of the conclusion. Testimony: The Conduct of the UN during the War and Occupation of Iraq Denis J. Halliday This testimony will discuss the conduct of the UN during the war and occupation of Iraq with reference to relevant events prior to the 2003 invasion and occupation, such as Gulf War 1991 and war crimes thereof, including US destruction of civilian infrastructure, loss of civilian life, use of DU, 12 years of genocidal sanctions and work of UNSCOM. This testimony will reveal how having tragically weakened Iraq and its people under 12 years of sanctions, the UN has taken no action to stop, condemn or punish the blatant US/UK transgressions of the UN charter, human rights and other provisions of international law. Ruin of Daily Life (security and education system) Eman Khammas In this testimony, Eman Khammas will be talking on the following: With regard to daily life, what Baghdad, and other Iraqi cities look like under the occupation; how it is difficult, almost impossible to live in the current situation; the psychological environment; bombed cities and problems for families created by the occupation. With regard to health, the destruction of health care system and hospitals, especially in the bombed and attacked cities; shortage of medicines and supplies; kidnapping and killing of doctors. With regard to education, the atmosphere inside the Iraqi universities; the difficult situation for professors, debaathification and its influence of education; and the dangerous sitaution for students. Testimony: Collective Punishment Fadhil Al Bedrani Journalist and eyewitness of the two sieges of Falluja in April and November 2004, Al Badrani will discuss how the American forces considered the whole of Falluja as a military target. This testimony will register human stories from Iraq under occupation, such as that of Awwad Mohammed Al Dulaimi who lost his wife and seven children and the tragedy of residents who were killed either directly by the occupation forces or indirectly because of the lack of food and drinking water. Effects of War on the Infrastructure Joel Kovel This presentation will explain that after the invasion of Iraq, the conquerers made a number of assessments of infrastructural damage with an eye toward planning the countrys rehabilitation as a secure platform for the projection of U.S. power in the region and the takeover of Iraqs economy, especially its huge oil reserves. Ports, roads, bridges, oil facilities, electrical grids, water systems, solid and non-solid waste-disposal systems, telecommunications networks, airports, health-care facilities, even schools all were assessed and ambitious programs were set into motion for restoring the countrys once-excellent infrastructure. With a few focal exceptions very little of this plan has been completed. Joel Kovel's conclusion will be that the Iraqi war has been a more or less continuous fourteen year exercise in wanton destruction, the earlier phases of which were designed to soften up Iraq and make it more compliant under the U.S. - British attack but which also provoked the severe backlash that took the conquerers by surprise. Economic Colonization Herbert Docena Docena will demonstrate how since its invasion in 2003, the United States has attempted to radically transform Iraq's economy by prying it wide open to international trade, investments, and capital flows, removing controls and regulations over multinational corporations, privatizing its state-owned enterprises, and ensuring control over its oil. He will argue that to achieve these objectives, the US has attempted to reconstruct the state in Iraq into one whose primary role would be to create, maintain, and protect a 'free market' in Iraq; a state that is empowered to usher in investments and facilitate the unfettered operations of corporations but disempowered to provide services to its citizens or promote development and social justice. The Privatization of War Niloufer Bhagwat In this testimony, Bhagwat will address the issue of economic interests behind the war and the complicity of corporations and the corporate economic system. She will recount the story of what happened in Iraq with reference to the role of corporations and their interests in the process of decision-making to wage an aggressive war, in the conduct of hostilities and in the policies adopted during the occupation. She will argue that the military-industrial complex, oil and energy corporations and other US corporations in alliance with the US administration were the driving force behind this war with their demands for accelerated globalization that translated into policies of military opening up of markets and the forcible seizure of resources. Bhagwat will argue that it is a contradiction to hold that democracy and the rule of law are compatible with corporate oligarchies and with monopoly control over the economy. Covert Practices in the U.S. War on Terror and the Implications for International Law: The Guantanamo Example Barbara Olshansky This presentation will cover the range of legal and political measures employed by the U.S. government in the "global war on terror" both within the United States and outside. The presentation will include a discussion of anti-immigrant measures, enemy combatant status, detentions around the world, and the treatment of detainees, with a special focus on the Guantanamo Example. Testimony on Falluja Mark Manning - Rana M. Mustafa This will be a presentation on the conditions inside Falluja. Mark Manning and Rana M. Mustafa were both there as of February 2005. They will be presenting a short film on the situation inside Falluja with some of the only footage out of there to date. The documentary will be on the subject of the refugee situation and the general condition of the people and the city. Then an eyewitness account of the siege itself and the conditions of the people will be given. Human Rights and the US/UK Illegal Attack on Iraq Johan Galtung The presentation will state that the US/UK illegal aggression points to the insufficiency of the means available for peaceful conflict transformation in the present world. Galtung will be argue that human beings should be entitled to live in a social and world context where everything is done to solve conflicts peacefully, including, in the case of Iraq, pursuing the French-German option and Saddam Hussein's own proposals. He will assert that failing do so when alternatives are available makes the aggression even more illegal, adding acts of omission to the acts of commission. Missing human rights at the individual level in this connection will be pointed out. This extreme level of illegality, Galtung will argue, raises the question of punishment and given the low likelihood of this at the governmental level in general and the UN (SC), in particular nongovernmental action may be called for. The presentation will include a discussion of a gandhian approach to economic boycott of aggressor countries. SYNOPSIS FOR THE THIRD DAY, 26 JUNE 2005 FIFTH SESSION The Ecological Implications of the War Joel Kovel This presentation will start with a clarification on the terms "ecology" and environment. Stating that environment is usually used for that which is outside us and surrounds us, and that ecology is a pattern within which we are a vital participant, Joel Kovel will assert that from an ecological standpoint we are part of nature and nature is part of us and that this enables us to relate society to nature, and to see it as a human ecosystem in which our lives are lived out. He will then go on to explain the ecological implications of the war and conclude that amongst the ranks of particular crimes against nature and humanity wrought by the invasion and occupation of Iraq, the leading place should be given to the wanton usage of depleted uranium, arguing that the right name for this is nuclear war, the supreme dismemberment of ecological relationships that have evolved over 4 billion years. SIXTH SESSION Militarism and the Culture of Violence Ay_e Gl Alt1nay In 1905, Tolstoy likened military service to slavery, which, according to him, "for the degree of degradation and loss of will cannot be compared with any of the ancient conditions of slavery." The coming century was one of wars and war preparation, leading to the normalization of violence. This presentation will explore the mechanisms through which compulsory military service and militarization have come to define "the national order of things", making Tolstoy an even more radical thinker 100 years into the above utterance. How can we undo the cultures of violence and militarization that continue to define our realities today? The presentation will discuss the implications of this question in relation to the war in Iraq. Gender and War: The Plight of Iraqi Women Nadje Al-Ali This presentation will provide an overview about the drastic changes in gender ideologies and gender relations in Iraq during the past three decades with a special focus on the way Iraqi women have been affected by the recent war and occupation. It will start with a brief theoretical discussion about gender specific issues pertaining to war, conflict and occupation, then move to provide a historical background in terms of Iraqi womens position in society, education, labour force participation and political involvement as well as wider gender ideologies and relations. The changes related to the initial inclusionary policies of the Baath regime and the shift to more discriminatory policies and state discourses, the impact of the Iran-Iraq war and economic sanctions will be analyzed in this context. Nadje Al-Ali will claim that women might be the biggest losers in the current political climate. Creating Racism and Intolerance Liz Fekete Following September 11, there was a sustained assault on UN human rights conventions in the build up to the Afghanistan war and the incarceration of prisoners of war by the US in Guantanamo Bay. Likewise, the war on Iraq dealt a body blow to the established framework of international law. Previous sessions of the WTI have focused on the illegality of that war, documenting the fabrication of a web of lies in the name of a preventive strike in Iraq. But in this, the concluding session, Liz Fekete will ask the Jury of Conscience to consider a further, connected issue: namely the creation of a global architecture of repressive laws post-September 11, which were instigated by the UNSC in order to establish a global security regime that aligned anti-terrorist legislation in major regions of the world to the security needs of the US. She will claim that the upshot of all this is the destruction of the fabric of multicultural societies through the promotion of the politics of fear. Collateral Damage: The Mexican Example John Ross In his presentation John Ross will address the concept of collateral damage and will discuss the differences between peoples concepts of collateral damage and the way governments narrowly define it. In this context, he will give an account of the impacts of the US aggression in Iraq upon Mexico. Citing cases and evidence of US pressure on the Mexican government to secure its support in the war on Iraq and the retaliation Mexico faced upon its refusal to back the US invasion, John Ross will make the case that the US aggression has cost Mexico the lives of nearly one hundred of its sons and daughters, the over-exploitation of precious natural resources to fuel Bush's war and immeasurable damage to its national sovereignty. Human Security in Iraq Christine Chinkin In this presentation, Chinkin will discuss the implications of the concept of international peace and security in international law that has classically been understood narrowly as protecting the political and physical integrity of sovereign states. She will assert that in its traditional form, state security is centered on the preservation of the sovereign state from external threats and the activities of other states, while legitimizing aggression in terms of such security concerns. Alternative to this state-centric conceptualization of security, she will propose the concept of human security that is more focused on individual human needs and concerns. BIOGRAPHIES OF THE PANEL OF ADVOCATES ABDUL ILAH AL BAYATY (Iraq/France) He began his political life as a Baathist when he was 15 years old in 1955. He became one the leaders of this party in 1961. He led a leftist scism in the Baath party in 1962 and was imprisoned by the Baathist in 1963. He lived under all the dictatorships which ruled Iraq since 1940 and was imprisioned by all the regimes. He left Iraq in 1970 because the regime wanted to arrest him. He is considered by the Iraqi political circles as a democratic leftist personality who never compromised with the governments. Member of the Arab National Congress, he is now part of the redaction of the Al Wifaq Al Democrati and writes from time to time in Al Ahram Weekly. ABDUL WAHAB AL OBEIDI (Iraq) Member of the executive board of "Freedom Voice for Human Rights", a human rights organisation in Baghdad mostly constituted of lawyers which is keeping record of human rights violations, especially the cases of missing people in Iraq. AHMAD MOHAMED AL-JARADAT (Palestine) A political activist and writer from Hebron, Al-Jaradat has been working with the Alternative Information Center as the Occupation Watch Center coordinator for the last six years. AHMET 0NSEL (Turkey) PhD, Master and B.A in economics, Paris 1 Panthon-Sorbonne University, Professor at the University of Galatasaray, Economics Department, since 2001 and associate professor at Paris 1 since 1987. Vice-prsident of Paris 1 University (1994-1999) and dean of the Department of Economics (1990-1994). Member of Iletisim Publishing House's and Birikim Monthly Review's Boards of Editors. Coordinator of Revue du MAUSS Editors Commitee. He is recently working on two projects: European Integration and Cultural Patterns of Thought and Perception. Cultural Aspects of the EU Enlargement Process on the Basis of the Relations between the EU and Turkey and Working Conditions, Labour and Syndicalism: The Industry Sector in Turkey. AKIRA MAEDA (Japan) Prof. of Law at Tokyo Zokei University. Director of Japanese Association of Democratic Lawyers. Representative of International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan, ICTA and International Criminal Tribunal for Iraq, ICTI-Japan. AMAL AL KHEDAIRY (Iraq) She is the founder and director of Al-Beit Al-Iraqi or Iraqi House, an arts and cultural center in Baghdad since 1988, which was bombed and destroyed by US forces on April 4th, 2003. She is also a widely traveled expert in Iraqi history, regional culture, arts, archeology and music. AMAL SAWADI (Iraq) Lawyer in Iraq who represents and defends the rights of detainess and prisoners of war in Iraq. AMY BARTHOLOMEW (Canada) Professor in the Department of Law, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada. She is a contributor to and the editor of, Empire's Law and has written on the Iraq war, international law and the 'human rights hawks' in The New Imperial Challenge: The Socialist Register 2004 (Leo Panitch and Colin Leys eds.). She has written widely on legal and political theory, particularly with regard to human rights. She was a witness at the Brussells Tribunal, is currently on the Advisory Committee to that Tribunal and is on the international advisory board of the conference "International Humanitarian Law and Impunity of Powerful States: The Case of the United States" to be held in Paris September 2005. ANTHONY ALESSANDRINI (USA) Lecturer at Rutgers University on Comparative Literature. Active member of Students for Justice in Palestine. One of the organizers of the WTI-New York session, member of WTI International Coordination Team. AY^E GL ALTINAY (Turkey) Doctor of Cultural Anthropology at Sabanc1 University. She works on militarism, nationalism and gender, and has been active in the antiwar and antimilitarist movement in Turkey. She has two books to her name: Homeland, Nation, Women (ed.) and The Myth of the Military-Nation. BARBARA OLSHANSKY (USA) Barbara Olshansky is the Assistant Legal Director of the Center for Constitutional Rights since 1995. She is one of the lawyers who prepared the case concerning the illegality of the US detention activities in Guantanamo. She is the author of Secret Trials and Executions: Military Tribunals and the Threat to Democracy (2002), co-author of Against War in Iraq: An anti-War Primer (2003), and also co-author of Americas Disappeared: Secret Imprisonment Detainess and the War on Terror (2004). BASKIN ORAN (Turkey) Professor of International Relations. He works on issues of nationalism, minorities, Turkish foreign policy. A columnist in the daily Agos, he has many articles and books to his name and was a member of the recently abolished Advisory Board on Human Rights. BIJU MATHEW (USA) A researcher of migration, diasporic politics and international labor markets, Mathew is an organizer with the New York Taxi Workers Alliance, a member of the Board of the Brecht Forum, NYC, a Coordinator for the Forum of Inqulabi Leftists (FOIL) and the Campaign to Stop Funding Hate. His current work includes interventions in debates around mass organizing in the United States and the relationship between imperialisms and fundamentalisms. His most recent work is Taxi! Cabs and Capitalism in New York City. CAMILO MEIJA (USA/Mexico) Went to Iraq in the US Army in April 2003. Came back to US on leave in October and declared he would not go back to Iraq and was arrested. Amnesty International supported the campaign for his release. He was released from prison in February 2005. CHRISTINE CHINKIN (UK) Advisor to the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights and Professor of International Law at the London School of Economics. Member of the London Commission of Inquiry that submitted an appeal to the International Criminal Court (ICC) against Tony Blair and members of the UK government that led to the decision that there was sufficient ground for the ICC to launch an investigation on Blair and his cabinet members for breaches of the ICC statute in relation to crimes against humanity and/or war crimes committed during the Iraq conflict and occupation in 2003. CORRINE KUMAR (India/Tunisia) Story teller, weaver, dreamer and also sociologist/political philosopher. She is also sociologist/political philosopher and is with El Taller International, an NGO based in Tunisia focusing on the global south. She is also with the Asian Women Human Rights Council and in partnership with networks and womens human rights organizations prepares and holds the Courts of Women creating public spaces with new political visions. She is the International Coordinator of the Courts of Women. Her writings challenge the dominant discourses particularly on human rights, drawing the contours of a new political imaginary often titled a South wind. DAHR JAMAIL (USA) An American independent journalist who went to Iraq after the invasion to bring attention to how the Iraqi people and US soldiers were being affected, with his internet journal Journal Jamail. His articles have appeared in The Guardian, The Nation, The Sunday Herald and is a regular contributor to Inter Press Service. DAVID MILLER (Scotland) As a faculty member of the Sociology and Geography Department at Strathclyde University in Glasgow, his current research interests include propaganda and the 'war on terror', corporate communications, corporate power, lobbying, the strategic use of science, corporate influences on academic work, spin and the decline of democratic governance. David Miller is editor of Tell Me Lies: Propaganda and Media Distortion in the Attack on Iraq. DENIS HALLIDAY (Ireland) Halliday served between 1994-98 as Assistant Secretary-General of United Nations, and was appointed by Secretary-General Kofi Annan to the post of UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Iraq and administrator of the Oil-for-Food program as of 1 September 1997. He resigned from his post in Iraq and from the United Nations as a whole in September 1998, protestingthe economic sanctions and the inefficiency of the program. EMAN KHAMMAS (Iraq) Eman Khammas is an Iraqi human rights activist based in Baghdad. She is the former co-director of International Occupation Watch Centre. During the time of war and occupation, she has been writing articles and news for the alternative media, providing invaluable effort to let the world outside Iraq comprehend the realities of occupation. FADHIL AL BEDRANI (Iraq) He is the Iraqi Al Jazeera correspondant. Also works for Reuters. He stayed inside Fallujah during the last major assault on the city. GL PULHAN (Turkey) Gl Pulhan is an Assistant Professor in the Department of History at Ko University. She is a specialist in Ancient Near Eastern archaeology and has excavated extensively in Anatolia. She recently organized an international symposium, "A Future for Our Past", which was devoted to the subject of redefining cultural heritage and its protection. GUGLIELMO CARCHEDI (Holland) Carchedi is a retired professor from the University of Amsterdam. He is the author of many articles and books including Frontiers of Political Economy, Marx and Non-Equilibrium Economics (ed. with Alan Freeman), and For Another Europe, a Class Analysis of European Economic Integration. HAIFA ZANGANA (Iraq/UK) A painter and a writer, she was born in Baghdad and graduated from University of Baghdad, School of Pharmacy. Joined the communist party - Central Command, in 1968. She was imprisoned by the Baath regime during 1971-72. She left Iraq to work with the PLO in 1975, moving between Syria and Lebanon, and moved to London on the onset of the civil war in Lebanon, in 1976. Co-founder of Act Together (a campaigning group for UK based Iraqi and non-Iraqi women) and a founding member of International Association for Contemporary Iraqi Studies (IACIS). HANA IBRAHIM (Iraq) Writer and journalist, she worked in the Palestine camps in Jordan and Lebanon during 1970-73. She was the manager of Women's Cultural Center in Baghdad and edited and wrote in many feminist journals. She worked in the Occupation Watch Center in 2004. She is currently the Chair of Women's Will organisation and is editing its journal. HANS VON SPONECK (Germany / Switzerland) Former United Nation's Assistant Secretary-General Hans von Sponeck joined the UN Development Program in 1968, and worked in Ghana, Turkey, Botswana, Pakistan and India, before becoming Director of European Affairs. Serving thirty-six years with the organization, his last post succeeded Denis Halliday as UN Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq and administrator of the Oil-for-Food program in October 1998. Sponeck resigned in February 2000, in protest of the international policy toward Iraq, including sanctions. HERBERT DOCENA (Philippines) Docena is a research associate at Focus on the Global South based in Bangkok, a project of Chulalongkorn University's Social Research Institute (CUSRI), focusing on international policy research and advocacy, with offices in Manila and Mumbai. As part of the International Occupation Watch Center, he stayed in Iraq researching on Iraq's reconstruction and political transition. H0LAL ELVER (Turkey/USA) Prof. Elver received both a Degree in Law and a Ph.D. from the University of Ankara Law School in Turkey. She teaches environmental policy as a visiting professor in the Global Studies Program at the University of California - Santa Barbara. She was a legal advisor to Turkey's Ministry of Environment and has a book entitled Peaceful Uses of International Rivers: The Euphrates and Tigris Rivers Dispute. HUDA AL NUAIMI (Iraq) Huda al Nuaimi is an assistant political science professor at al Mustansiriya University in Baghdad. She is the head of Palestinian strategic studies in Baghdad University, and also conducts interviews with the female prisoners in Baghdad as a volunteer for the Amnesty International. ISSA SHIVJI (Tanzania) Professor of international law at Tanzania Dar es Salaam University. Founder and former Director of the Institute for Research on Land Rights and Resources. He has written extensively on democracy and law in Africa, Law's Empire and Empire's Lawlessness and related subjects. JAYAN NAYAR (Malaysia/Italy) Dr. of Law at Warwick University. Also, Coordinator of Peoples Law Program at the Lelio Basso International Foundation. He has written extensively on People's Tribunal, People's Law, and the relationship between legal processes and transnational corporations. JIM HARDING (Canada) Jim Harding is a retired professor in the School of Human Justice at the University of Regina in Canada. He is a peace activist and former city councillor and author of After Iraq - War, Imperialism and Democracy. Since the 1970s he has worked as a researcher and activist for an end to uranium mining in his home province of Saskatchewan, which now houses the largest operating uranium mines in the world. JOEL KOVEL (USA) Professor of Social Studies at the New York Bard College. Founder and editor of Capitalism, Nature, Socialism magazine. He was the Green Party candidate for the U.S. Presidency in the 2000 elections. His last book is Enemy of Nature. JOHAN GALTUNG (Norway/Spain) Peace studies and general social science professor at the Universidad de Alicante in Spain. Advisor to the UN. Won the alternative Peace Prize in 1987. Currently the director of Transcend (a network for peace and development). He has many books to his name, including Human Rights in Another Key. JOHN ROSS (USA) A long-time anti-war activist and one of the first U.S. resisters to be imprisoned for opposing the Vietnam draft, is a long time Latin America correspondent with four decades on the ground covering social movements in the region from Peru's Sendero Luminoso to the Zapatista Army of National Liberation in Chiapas, Mexico. He is a frequent lecturer on university campuses from Harvard to Berkeley. In addition to his latest publication Murdered By Capitalism Ross has published six titles of fiction and non-fiction. KEN COATES (UK) He is the Chairman of the Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation and the editor of The Spokesman. A special professor at the University of Nottingham until 2004, he served as a Member of the European Parliament between 1989 and 1999, and was President of its Human Rights Sub-committee from 1989 to 1994. KHALED FAHMY (Egypt/USA) Khaled Fahmy is associate professor of modern Middle Eastern history in the Department of Middle Eastern and Islamic Studies at New York University. He is the author of numerous studies on the social and cultural history of nineteenth-century Egypt. Fahmy also continues working on contemporary Middle Eastern politics, particularly on Israel, Palestine and Iraq. KOICHI INAMORI (Japan) Lawyer, member of the panel of prosecutors for ICTI. Also member of the prosecution in the lawsuit over unconstitutionality of dispatching SDF to Iraq. He is also lecturer at Aichi University. LARRY EVEREST (USA) Author of Oil, Power and Empire: Iraq and the US Global Agenda, Everest has covered the Middle East and Central Asia for over 20 years for the Revolutionary Worker newspaper and other publications. In 1991, shortly after the end of the Persian Gulf War, Everest went to Iraq to document the impact of the war on the Iraqi people and filmed the award-winning video Iraq: War against the People. He also has a book entitled Behind the Poison Cloud - Union Carbide's Bhopal Massacre. LIZ FEKETE (UK) Vice President of the London Race Relations Institute. Conducted research on the effects of the politics of war on terror on civil rights and liberties and racism in Europe. She is also the co-editor of Race & Class, a journal on racism, empire and globalisation. MARK MANNING (USA) He was among the rare American unembedded journalists inside Fallujah during the two sieges of April and November 2004. He spent one week inside Fallujah with a video camera interviewing survivors of the November siege and edited a film from these interviews, which will make its world premiere at the WTI. METE UBUKU (Turkey) A journalist who has been to Palestine and Iraq several times, ubukcu has published two books entitled Our Palestine and Journalism Under Fire. MOHAMMED AL RAHOO (Iraq) Mosul University, Faculty of Law. NADJE AL-ALI (Iraq/UK) A social anthropologist of Iraqi origin and senior lecturer at the University of Exeter, Institute of Arab and Islamic Studies. She is specialized in women and gender issues in the Middle East and has been working on the impact of war and economic sanctions on women in Iraq. She is also a founding member of Act Together: Women's Action on Iraq and a member of Women in Black UK. Recently, she has been commissioned by Zed Publishers to write a book on the modern history of Iraqi women from the 1950s to today. NILOUFER BHAGWAT (India) Professor Bhagwat is a judge from India and she is the Vice President of Mumbai based Indian Lawyers Association. She has written the final opinion of the International Criminal Tribunal for Afghanistan at Tokyo in March 2004. MER MADRA (Turkey) Co-founder, editor-in-chief and programmer of A1k Radyo, an independent radio station in 0stanbul. Lecturer in the Department of International Relations at 0stanbul Bilgi University since 1996. Beside his published academic works, essays, and a novel, Madra has taken editorial posts at several Turkish newspapers and magazines. PHIL SHINER (UK) Phil Shiner leads the team at Public Interest Lawyers (PIL) in the UK. He is a lawyer with an international and national reputation for his work on issues concerning international, environmental and human rights law. He has dealt with international law issues, including a judicial review challenging the UK government's decision to go to war and instructing barristers on the legality of the Mutual Defence Agreement between the US and UK. RANA M. MUSTAFA (Iraq) Film maker and human rights activist. RICHARD FALK (USA) Professor of International Law at Santa Barbara University. UNESCO peace prize holder. Prof. Falk has published over 30 books on international law and human rights, the most recent one entitled Declining World Order. SAMIR AMIN (Egypt/Senegal) Egyptian-born and trained in Paris, he is one of the better known thinkers of his generation, both in development theory as well as in the relativistic-cultural critique of social sciences. Currently occupies the post of Director of the Third World Forum in Dakar, Senegal, an international pool of academics from Africa, Asia and South-America. Being a promoter of the conscious self-reliance of developing countries, he has written extensively on economics, development and international affairs. SAUL LANDAU (USA) Film Producer and academician. Produced more than 40 films on social, political and historical issues. Winner of the Letelier-Moffitt Human Rights Prize, the George Polk Investigative Journalism Prize, the Edgar Allen Poe Prize, and Emmy Award. His latest film is Syria: Between Iraq and a Hard Place, and his latest book is The Business of America: How Consumers Have Replaced Citizens and How We Can Reverse the Trend? SAYO SARUTA (Japan) Saruta is a lawyer. She chaired the panel of prosecution in both the ICTA and ICTI, two civilian tribunal initiatives on Afghanistan and Iraq, respectively. SOUAD NAJI AL-AZZAWI (Iraq) Director of the doctorate program in environmental engineering. She studied geological and environmental engineering in the USA. After graduating in 1991, she returned home to Baghdad in the midst of the Gulf War. In 1996, together with six researchers, she was able to do a survey on the radiation in the soil, air and water in southern Iraq. THOMAS FASY (USA) Dr. Fasy is an Associate Clinical Professor of Pathology at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. He has longstanding interests in carcinogenesis and environmental toxicology. In the past two years, he has lectured at conferences and university campuses on the toxic effects of inhaling uranium oxide dusts derived from depleted uranium weapons. He is collaborating in a research project designed to assess the extent to which Iraqi children have been contaminated with uranium derived from DU weapons. TIM GOODRICH (USA) Coming from a family with a tradition of military service, in his childhood Tim Goodrich always dreamed of becoming an air force pilot. During his deployment in Saudi Arabia in October 2002, around the time the Bush administration started talking about going into war, he started to research on, and later question, the legitimacy of this war. On the return home from his tour of duty two weeks after the US invasion of Iraq, he joined the ranks of anti-war demonstrations in U.S. and co-found Iraq Veterans Against the War in 2004. TURGUT TARHANLI (Turkey) Professor of international law and human rights law; Director of the Human Rights Law Research Center, Istanbul Bilgi University. He has published many articles and books on subjects like international human rights law, peace and security law, and law and technology. WALDEN BELLO (Philippines) Director of Focus on the Global South in Bangkok, a project of Chulalongkorn University's Social Research Institute and Professor of Public Administration and Sociology at the University of the Philippines. His interest areas are regionalism and Globalization, International Financial Institutions, WTO, Alternative Security in the Asia-Pacific. He is also chairman of the board of Greenpeace Southeast Asia. WAMIDH NADHMI (Iraq) Professor of Political Science at Baghdad University and the official spokesman of anti-occupation front Iraqi National Foundation Congress composed of academics, community leaders, religious scholars and veteran moderate Arab-nationalist politicians, which offers the credibility of members largely due to a record of independence or opposition to Saddam Hussain's policies on the one hand, and to the history of criminal sanctions, invasion and occupation. He is also editor-in-chief of Baghdad based journal Ruyat-ul Arap. BIOGRAPHIES OF THE JURY OF CONSCIENCE AHMET ZTRK (Turkey) ztrk as been active in many NGO's. He is a member of the Board of Zonguldak Cultural and Education Foundation and is a columnist in a local newspaper. He is working as a mine worker. ARUNDHATI ROY (India) Renowned author and activist Arundhati Roy received the Booker Prize for literature in 1997. Presently, one of the most eloquent voices for the global justice and anti-war movement, she was also awarded, among many others, the Sydney Peace Prize in 2004, and the Lannan Cultural Freedom Prize in 2002. AY^E ERZAN (Turkey) Professor of Physics at the Istanbul Technical University, she has been active in the Peace Initiative of Turkey. L'Oreal-UNESCO Women in Science 2003 Laureate for Europe. CHANDRA MUZAFFAR (Malaysia) Chandra Muzaffar is one of Malaysia's most prominent human rights activists. Founder of Aliron, a multi-ethnic Malaysian reform movement dedicated to justice, freedom, and solidarity, he was its president from 1977 to 1991. Prof. Muzaffar, who used to teach at the Center for Civilizational Dialogue at the University of Malaysia in Kuala Lumpur, is now the president of the International Movement for a Just World. Prof. Muzaffar is a Board member of the International Movement Against All Forms of Discrimination and Racism based in Belgium. He is the author of many books including Human Rights & the New World Order and Muslims, Dialogue, Terror. DAVID KRIEGER (USA) Founder and President of the Nuclear Age Peace Foundation in California. Dr. Krieger has dedicated his work to the abolishment of nuclear weapons. DUMISA NSEBEZA (South Africa) Member of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) assembled in South Africa after the end of Apartheid regime in 1995, where the victims of violence along with those that applied violence gave testimonies aiming to reach social reconciliation. EVE ENSLER (USA) Eve Ensler's Obie-Award-winning play, The Vagina Monologues, translated into over 35 languages and running in theaters all over the world, initiated V-Day, a global movement to stop violence against women and girls. She is also an Executive Producer of What I Want My Words to Do to You, a documentary about the writing group she has led since 1998 at the Bedford Hills Correctional Facility for Women. FRANOIS HOUTART (Belgium) He participated in the Bertrand Russell War Crimes Tribunal on US Crimes in Vietnam in 1967. He is a spiritual father and a member of the International Committee of the World Social Forum of Porto Alegre, Director of the Tricontinental Center (Cetri) for research on alternative globalisation, Executive Secretary of the Alternative World Forum, and President of the International League for rights and liberation of people. He participated as an expert to the works of Concile Vatican II (1962-1965). He has numerous works on globalization, social stuggles, and regularly collaborates with Le Monde Diplomatique. ISAIAS VEDOVATTO (Brazil) Brazilian peasant, member of the MST national coordination. MEHMET TARHAN (Turkey) Anti-militarist and gay rights activist Tarhan declared his conscientious objection in October 2001, on the grounds of which he was arrested on April 8th, 2005. He has currently been transferred to his unit without his consent. MIGUEL ANGEL DE LOS SANTOS CRUZ (Mexico) He has defended more than 100 indigenous Mexicans accused of membership in the guerrilla Zapatista army. When tensions in Chiapas boiled over in 1996, de los Santos was targeted by right-wing extremists, but the young attorney refused to keep silent. MURAT BELGE (Turkey) Editor, political scientist, writer. He resigned from the university when he was an associate professor in the Faculty of English Language and Literature of Istanbul University and co-founded Iletisim Publishers. In addition to criticism and commentaries published in literary and political magazines, he is known for his translations from authors like Faulkner, James Joyce, Patrick White and Dickens. He was the editor-in-chief of monthly socialist cultural magazine Birikim and Yeni Gndem. He is currently teaching at Bilgi University and has a column in Radikal newspaper. RELA MAZALI (Israel) Mazali is an Israeli writer and feminist peace activist. A founder of the New Profile movement to de-militarize Israeli civil society, Mazali has worked for many years to end the occupation of the Palestinian territories. She is the author of numerous short stories, articles, and essays, including: WhaNever: A Novel (1987); Playbie Sitter, a children's book co-authored with No'a Mazali, her daughter (1997); and educational curricula. Her first book in English, Maps of Women's Goings and Stayings (2001) was published by Stanford University Press. SALAAM AL JOBOURIE (Iraq) He comes from a village which was harmed at the war in Iraq and he has lost his relatives. He is currently working as a journalist in Baghdad. TATY ALMEIDA (Argentina) Representative of Madres de la Plaza de Mayo (Linea Fundadora), an NGO dedicated to peace and human rights formed my mothers looking for justice after their children were kidnapped and mostly killed during the dictatorship in Argentina named the "Dirty War" (1976-83). THABANI MASUKU (South Africa) An advocate of the High Court of South Africa, he is a member of the Cape Town Bar Association. Masuku was a Senior Policy and Legislation Analyst at the Institute for Democracy in South Africa. THE PREVIOUS SESSIONS OF WTI London, November 2003 (*) Coordinated by Peacerights Inquiry into the alleged commission of war crimes by Coalition Forces during the military campaign and occupation. Mumbai, January 2004 / WSF Coordinated by El Taller International and Asian Womens Human Rights Association. World Court of Women on US War Crimes Japan, February 2004- March 2005 International Criminal Tribunal on Iraq (ICTI): Hearings throughout the year on crimes committed during the war and occupation, the responsibility of Japanese government and violations of international law. Copenhagen, March 2004 Public hearing on the responsibility of the Danish government. Brussels, April 2004 Session on the Project for New American Century - ideological blueprint of the war against Iraq. New York, May 2004 Session on the legality of the war violation of international law and the UN violation of the will of the peoples of the world as manifested on February 15th, war crimes and crimes under occupation. Germany, June 2004 Series of hearings on violations of international law and complicity of German governmentcovering sanctions, war and occupation. Istanbul, June 2004 (*) Crimes against cultural heritage. A Future for Our Past: An International Symposium for Redefining the Concept of Cultural Heritage and its Protection New York, August 2004 Coordinated by IAC. Iraq War Crimes Tribunal: Session investigating violations of international law and basic human rights by Bush and Blair administrations in launching the war against Iraq and instituting the occupation. Hiroshima, October 2004 Session on depleted uranium and complicity of Japanese government. Stockholm, November 2004 Iraq: The War, The Occupation and International Law. Session examining the impact of occupation on Iraqi society, including the social, economic and cultural consequences. South Korea, December 2004 Hearing on the complicity of South Korean government in the war against and occupation of Iraq. Rome, December 2004 Hearing on the illegality of the war and complicity of the Italian government. Frankfurt, January 2005 Session on the complicity of German government to the crimes of war in Iraq. Rome, February 2005 Session on Media Wrongs against Truth and Humanity - the politics of disinformation. Lisbon, March 2005 Commission of inquiry to determin the responsibility of the Portugese State and other entities/individuals in the preparation of the invasion, during the invasion and in the occupation of Iraq; to formulate the accusation of those who erpetrated crimes against the people of Iraq. Genoa, March 2005 Hearing on role of media in the war and occupation. Spain, May 2005 Iraqi civil society in front of the US colonial domination project: facing the challenge of recovering self-government. Tunisia, June 2005 War on Iraq as seen from the Arab Street: Illegality of the War, War Crimes, Crimes against Humanity, Globalization, Culture specificity and Identity, Ideological underpinnings of the war on Iraq (*) These are events that the World Tribunal on Iraq has supported, acted in solidarity with and benefited from, even though they have not been organized in conjunction with the WTI. WORLD TRIBUNAL ON IRAQ IN ISTANBUL PROGRAM OPENING CONCERT, 23 June 2005 Darphane-i Amire Bahesi (Garden of Imperial Mint House), Topkap1 Palace Grounds 20:00 Start of admittance 20:30 Welcome and Introduction 20:45  21:30 Erkan Our (the kopuz, vocal), 0smail Demirciolu (the divan balama, vocal) 21:30  22:15 Omar Bashir (the ud) 22:15  23:00 Ay_e Ttnc Piano Percussion Ensemble Ay_e Ttnc (the piano, backing vocal), Yahya Dai (the saxophons), Timuin Grer, Saruhan Erim & Serdar Gnenci (the percussions, backing vocals), Cengiz Baysal (the drums) BIOGRAPHIES OF THE MUSICIANS Erkan Our and 0smail Demirciolu Best known for his fretless guitar, Erkan Our is a multi-talented musician who plays traditional instruments like oud, tambur, cmb_ with great mastery and who effortlessly traverses different musical expressions in his performances. Music lovers will recognize his sound from his album  Fretless , the scores he wrote for the films  The Bandit and  Toss Up , and from countless other albums over the years on which he appears as a guest musician... 0smail Demirciolu participated in Ruhi Ayangil s Turkish Classical Music Orchestra and Choir, and also in Ruhi Su Choir led by Timur Seluk and Sarper zsan. His albums are  Trklerimiz (Our Folk Songs),  S1rda_ Trks (The Song of the confidant) and most recently  Nasibolsa . Erkan Our and 0smail Demirciolu s joint albums are  Gln Kokusu (The Smell of the Rose) and  Anadolu Be_ik (The Cradle Anatolia). As a duo they have given concerts all over Turkey as well as in Central Europe, England and Belgium... On June 23, they will interprete Anatolian folk songs with their unique style, Erkan playing kopuz and 0smail playing divan balama. Omar Bashir Omar Bashir is a member of Bashir family, which sent many maestros into the group of musicians in Baghdad who work since 1930's with the idea of giving oud, which was relegated to a secondary role, its creative role in music back. He played with his father Munir Bashir, the Iraqi virtuoso, many years long as a Duet and they recorded ('Ud Duet). Today, Omar, called "the prince of oud" by French critics for his album Maqam, is one of the most brilliant oud players on the world, making a sparkling mixture of traditional Arabic music with a jazzlike improvisation. He tours with his various bands between four continents and plays in many cities like Beirut, New York, Budapest or Cairo. Some other albums of him are  From Euphrat to Danube ,  Flamenco Nights ,  Baghdadiyat . Ay_e Ttnc Piano Percussion Ensemble The ensemble is made up of Ay_e Ttnc on piano and backing vocals, Yahya Dai on soprano and tenor saxofon, Saruhan Erim, Serdar Gnenci and Timuin Grer on percussions and backing vocals, and Cengiz Baysal on drums. Their album  e_itlemeler (Variations) was released in 1999. The group appeared in many international jazz festivals in Turkey, as well as in Holland, Italy and Germany... Ay_e has recently recorded her latest album  Panay1r (Carnivalesque) with her new trio. 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