ࡱ> a jbjbtt Ak ~(:%:%:%,LLLp,PX(ЛЛЛn2fhhhhhh,RH:%ЛЛJЛ:%Лf&$B*fWp#:%ʉD )gL`*Nʉ0WW,ʉ:%,,O| ,,|CODEPINK STOP THE NEXT WAR NOW: Effective Responses to Violence and Terrorism  INCLUDEPICTURE "http://www.codepinkalert.org/img/original/Photo_HomePage.jpg" \* MERGEFORMATINET  Student Handbook Copyright 2005 Table of Contents  TOC \h \z \t "Heading 1,1,Heading 2,2"  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997322" Preface  PAGEREF _Toc114997322 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997323" About CODEPINK: Women for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997323 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997324" About the Book  PAGEREF _Toc114997324 \h 9  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997325" CODEPINK Welcomes Your Comments  PAGEREF _Toc114997325 \h 10  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997326" Chapter 1. It Starts with One Voice  PAGEREF _Toc114997326 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997327" Regaining Humanity  PAGEREF _Toc114997327 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997328" Breaking the Silence  PAGEREF _Toc114997328 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997329" Gold Star Families for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997329 \h 11  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997330" Reaching Out to Soldiers  PAGEREF _Toc114997330 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997331" Public Expression of Dissent  PAGEREF _Toc114997331 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997332" Protect Your Right to Dissent  PAGEREF _Toc114997332 \h 12  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997333" Separating the Warrior from the War  PAGEREF _Toc114997333 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997334" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997334 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997335" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997335 \h 13  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997336" Chapter 2. From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997336 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997337" Creating New Paradigms  PAGEREF _Toc114997337 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997338" Creating a Path to Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997338 \h 15  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997339" Preserving the Open Space of Democracy  PAGEREF _Toc114997339 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997340" Listening and Learning  PAGEREF _Toc114997340 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997341" Choosing Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997341 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997342" Transforming Dominator Models  PAGEREF _Toc114997342 \h 16  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997343" Educating for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997343 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997344" Celebrating Peacemakers  PAGEREF _Toc114997344 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997345" Change is Inevitable  PAGEREF _Toc114997345 \h 17  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997346" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997346 \h 18  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997347" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997347 \h 18  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997348" Chapter 3. Building a Stronger Antiwar Movement  PAGEREF _Toc114997348 \h 21  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997349" The New Internationalism  PAGEREF _Toc114997349 \h 21  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997350" Aiming for Unified Strategies  PAGEREF _Toc114997350 \h 21  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997351" Growing Up with Activists  PAGEREF _Toc114997351 \h 22  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997352" Unreported Victories  PAGEREF _Toc114997352 \h 22  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997353" Asking for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997353 \h 22  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997354" Misbehaving for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997354 \h 22  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997355" Talking With People Who Disagree  PAGEREF _Toc114997355 \h 23  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997356" Stopping the Next War  PAGEREF _Toc114997356 \h 23  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997357" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997357 \h 23  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997358" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997358 \h 24  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997359" Chapter 4. Strengthening Womens Voices  PAGEREF _Toc114997359 \h 27  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997360" Barbara Ehrenreich  PAGEREF _Toc114997360 \h 27  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997361" Beth Osnes  PAGEREF _Toc114997361 \h 27  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997362" Laura Flanders  PAGEREF _Toc114997362 \h 27  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997363" StarHawk  PAGEREF _Toc114997363 \h 28  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997364" Sonali Kolhatkar  PAGEREF _Toc114997364 \h 28  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997365" Kavita Ramdas  PAGEREF _Toc114997365 \h 28  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997366" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997366 \h 29  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997367" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997367 \h 29  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997368" Chapter 5. The Humanity We Share  PAGEREF _Toc114997368 \h 33  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997369" Refusing to be Enemies  PAGEREF _Toc114997369 \h 33  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997370" Exporting Democracy  PAGEREF _Toc114997370 \h 33  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997371" Pleading for the Children  PAGEREF _Toc114997371 \h 33  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997372" Meeting Face to Face in Friendship  PAGEREF _Toc114997372 \h 34  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997373" Refusing Evil  PAGEREF _Toc114997373 \h 34  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997374" Making a Hate-Free Zone  PAGEREF _Toc114997374 \h 34  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997375" Making the Case for True Security  PAGEREF _Toc114997375 \h 35  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997376" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997376 \h 35  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997377" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997377 \h 36  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997378" Chapter 6. Unspin the Media  PAGEREF _Toc114997378 \h 39  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997379" Holding the Media Accountable  PAGEREF _Toc114997379 \h 39  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997380" Providing Vital Information  PAGEREF _Toc114997380 \h 39  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997381" Using the Power of Dissent  PAGEREF _Toc114997381 \h 39  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997382" Reporting All of the Facts  PAGEREF _Toc114997382 \h 40  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997383" Becoming Media Activists  PAGEREF _Toc114997383 \h 40  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997384" Conveying Creativity and Courage  PAGEREF _Toc114997384 \h 40  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997385" Crossing the Line Between Witness and Participant  PAGEREF _Toc114997385 \h 41  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997386" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997386 \h 41  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997387" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997387 \h 42  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997388" Chapter 7. Hold Our Leaders Accountable  PAGEREF _Toc114997388 \h 45  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997389" Influencing the Electorate  PAGEREF _Toc114997389 \h 45  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997390" Holding Elected Officials to High Standards  PAGEREF _Toc114997390 \h 45  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997391" Protesting the Media Conglomerate  PAGEREF _Toc114997391 \h 45  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997392" Preventing Terrorism  PAGEREF _Toc114997392 \h 46  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997393" Creating a Department of Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997393 \h 46  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997394" Finding Our Conscience  PAGEREF _Toc114997394 \h 46  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997395" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997395 \h 46  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997396" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997396 \h 47  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997397" Chapter 8. Call to Disarm the World  PAGEREF _Toc114997397 \h 49  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997398" International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL)  PAGEREF _Toc114997398 \h 49  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997399" Seating Women at the Peace Table  PAGEREF _Toc114997399 \h 49  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997400" Ending the Nuclear Crisis  PAGEREF _Toc114997400 \h 50  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997401" U.S. Hypocrisy  PAGEREF _Toc114997401 \h 50  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997402" Closing Overseas Bases  PAGEREF _Toc114997402 \h 51  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997403" Creating Armies for Peace  PAGEREF _Toc114997403 \h 51  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997404" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997404 \h 51  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997405" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997405 \h 52  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997406" Chapter 9. Protect and Respect Resources  PAGEREF _Toc114997406 \h 55  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997407" Raising Fuel-Efficiency Standards  PAGEREF _Toc114997407 \h 55  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997408" Conserving Resources  PAGEREF _Toc114997408 \h 55  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997409" Overcoming Addiction  PAGEREF _Toc114997409 \h 55  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997410" Returning the Wealth of Iraq  PAGEREF _Toc114997410 \h 56  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997411" Ending Poverty  PAGEREF _Toc114997411 \h 56  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997412" Discovering Your True Heritage  PAGEREF _Toc114997412 \h 56  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997413" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997413 \h 57  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997414" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997414 \h 58  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997415" Chapter 10. Celebrate Joyful Revolution  PAGEREF _Toc114997415 \h 61  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997416" Prioritizing Creativity in Activism  PAGEREF _Toc114997416 \h 61  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997417" Altering the Future  PAGEREF _Toc114997417 \h 61  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997418" Bearing Witness  PAGEREF _Toc114997418 \h 61  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997419" Making a Scene  PAGEREF _Toc114997419 \h 61  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997420" Coming Together with Love and Defiance  PAGEREF _Toc114997420 \h 62  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997421" Realizing Your Revolutionary Dream  PAGEREF _Toc114997421 \h 62  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997422" Appreciating LovingKindness  PAGEREF _Toc114997422 \h 63  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997423" Ten Ways to Create a Nonviolent World  PAGEREF _Toc114997423 \h 63  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997424" Summary  PAGEREF _Toc114997424 \h 64  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997425" Study Questions  PAGEREF _Toc114997425 \h 64  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc114997452" Sample Promotion Letter for CODEPINKs New Book  PAGEREF _Toc114997452 \h 66  Preface This is a student handbook to accompany CODEPINKs book, Stop the Next War Now! Effective Responses to Violence and Terrorism. About CODEPINK: Women for Peace CODEPINK: Women for Peace is a dynamic women-led grassroots peace and social justice movement where political savvy meets creative protest and nonviolent direct action. CODEPINK started on November 17, 2002 when over one hundred womenmarched through the streets of Washington, D.C. as a preemptive strike for peace before the war in Iraq started. They set up a four-month peace vigil in front of the White House, and on March 8, 2002, CODEPINK celebrated women as global peacemakers with a week of activities, concluding with a rally and march with ten thousand people encircling the White House in pink. CODEPINK can be found at presidential speeches and in the halls of Congress, in the neighborhoods of Baghdad and the streets of Manhattan holding vigils, chanting, protesting, and making peace wherever peace needs making. We call on all outraged women to join us in taking a stand now. And we call upon our brothers to join and support us. Engage in outrageous acts of dissent. Get active and get effective. Throw on your most powerful pink clothes and join us for the most fun you'll ever have working to make our world a more just, peaceful place. Check our website often ( HYPERLINK "http://www.codepinkalert.org/" http://www.codepinkalert.org/) for updated actions and events to see how you can get active with CODEPINK in the days, weeks, and months ahead. About the Book How can we humanize each other and act as responsible global citizens? Stop the Next War Now, edited by renowned peace activists Medea Benjamin and Jodie Evans, shares expert insight on the issues and powers-that-be that can lead us to war - including the media, our elected politicians, global militarization, and the pending scarcity of national resources. It aims to educate and reflect on the effectiveness of peace-movement activities and offers hope, through shared ideas, action steps, and practical checklists to transition from a culture of violence to a culture of peace. In Stop the Next War Now, you will find an amazing bouquet of voices, with a foreword by Alice Walker, introduction by Arundhati Roy and contributors including  HYPERLINK "http://www.democracyinaction.org/dia/track.jsp?key=11730934&url_num=2&url=http://www.innerocean.com/books_toc.php?book=47&excerpt=&toc=yes&reviews=&events=no&auth=33542&cover=cp140.jpg&chapter=" \t "_blank" Eve Ensler, Barbara Lee, Cynthia McKinney, Arianna Huffington, Barbara Ehrenreich, Amy Goodman, Terry Tempest Williams, Shirin Ebadi, and many more. It shares expert insight on the issues and powers-that-be that can lead us to war - including the media, our elected politicians, global militarization, and the scarcity of national resources. And it offers ideas, hope and inspiration for building a powerful, effective peace movement. CODEPINK Welcomes Your Comments Please give us feedback about this document. Send electronic mail to HYPERLINK "mailto:info@codepinkalert.org"info@codepinkalert.org. We appreciate your feedback. Chapter  SEQ Chapter \* ARABIC \* MERGEFORMAT 1. It Starts with One Voice This chapter sheds light on the individuals who have decided to speak out against the war/occupation of Iraq. Through essays, poems, and letters, these courageous and undaunted peacemakers tell their stories and give us a first-hand look at the human costs of war. Regaining Humanity After six months in Iraq, American soldier Camilo Mejia came home for a two-week leave and realized that he could not go back. In Regaining My Humanity, he explains how, after having witnessed and participated in the horrors of what he had found to be an unjust and unjustified war, he found that his moral principles were incompatible with his military duty. He turned himself in for the sake of his own humanity, and the sake of the Iraqi people he believed he had wronged. According to Camilo, his moral lapse came not when he refused his orders from the military, but when he went to Iraq in the first place. From prison, he writes that though he has lost many freedoms, he regained the more important ones: freedom to follow his conscience and the ability to live with himself and his actions. He calls upon us all to free our minds and work together to put an end to war. Breaking the Silence Military families are expected to support the actions of the U.S. armed forces no matter how they privately feel. But when Nancy Lessins stepson was deployed to Iraq, she decided to break this code of silence as loudly and publicly as she could. Afraid that her family and thousands of others would be ripped apart by a war conceived in dishonesty and perpetrated for the sake of oil, her family helped to found an organization called Military Families Speak Out in 2002. At that time, they were hoping to prevent the war from ever happening, and they fought for this through teach-ins, vigils, marches, and through the courts. After the war began, and as their group continued to grow, Nancy and the MFSO launched the Bring Them Home Now Campaign. As young men and women returned from Iraq, brutalized in body and soul, or fail to come home at all, Nancy and thousands of other military families continue to fight for their loved ones safety in battle zones and their speedy return. In Breaking the Code of Silence, she tells this story. Gold Star Families for Peace Cindy Sheehans son Casey was sent to fight in Iraq. He died there. From Cindy to George is a letter she wrote to President Bush. In it, Cindy writes about her oldest son the boy he was, and the man he was just beginning to be. Bush likes to talk about hard work. But Cindy has lived it the hard work of saying goodbye to a son, of worrying about him, watching him die, burying him, and still finding a way to keep on living herself. Cindy lets Bush know that she has devoted herself to holding him accountable for his lies and all the lives they have cost. Together with an organization called Gold Star Families for Peace, Cindy is talking about the high costs of war and her determination to bring them home to the administration that sold her sons life for oil. Reaching Out to Soldiers Marti Hiken, co-chair of the Military Law Task Force of the National Lawyers Guild, believes that reaching out to the soldiers is essential to stopping the war. In Understanding the U.S. Military, he reports that many GIs are angry, but dont know what to do about it. They dont realize that they have enormous power to disrupt the war machine. Marti encourages activists and concerned community members to take practical steps to help soldiers understand their options by organizing on bases, setting up coffee houses where GIs, veterans, activists and counselors can relax and talk together, supporting the GI Rights Hotline, and working on counter-recruitment projects. Public Expression of Dissent After serving her country for almost thirty-five years as a diplomat and member of the U.S. military, Mary Ann Wright resigned from her position as a foreign-service officer in 2003 in protest of the Bush administrations policies. In Essential Dissent, she explains this decision. Mary Ann believes that the invasion of Iraq made America less safe and set a terribly dangerous precedent. She believes that Bushs neglect of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and North Korea jeopardized security around the world, and that new domestic policies curtailing civil rights in the U.S. intimidated the public and undermined the legal foundation of our country. She gave up the job she loved because she could not in good conscience support or implement such policies. Since that time, she has given talks around the country to publicize her choice, to educate the American public, and to encourage all Americans to look critically at government policies. She believes we all have a responsibility to protest policies that we find abhorrent or that put us in jeopardy. Protect Your Right to Dissent In Protect Your Right to Dissent, Kit Cage, director of the First Amendment Foundation and the National Committee Against Repressive Legislation, reminds us that to stop a war, we must first have the right to speak out against it. She argues that the Patriot Act and other recent regulatory changes are whittling away at free speech and other basic rights, and we must stand up to demand them back. Kit urges us to reread the Constitution and Bill of Rights, to gather support for our civil liberties within our communities and to educate ourselves about the national groups devoted to protecting civil liberties. Separating the Warrior from the War For many of the men and women coming home from Iraq and Afghanistan, the war inside them is not yet over. Patricia Foulkrod is a filmmaker making a documentary about the injured and mentally wounded soldiers who come home to isolation and an enduring sense of betrayal. In We Must Separate the Warrior from the War, Patricia calls on civilians to be there for these men and women and to help them with everyday problems like finding a job, repairing a home, or simply inviting them to dinner. Summary This chapter captures the voices of people in the military and their families who have taken the courageous stand of speaking out against the invasion/occupation of Iraq. Camilo Mejia explains why, after coming home from six months in Iraq, he chose to go to jail rather than go back. Nancy Lessin breaks the military code of silence when her stepson is deployed to Iraq, forming an organization of military families to speak out against the war. After Cindy Sheehans oldest son died in Iraq, she writes a letter to President Bush holding him responsible for her sons death. Marti Hiken talks about the power of GIs who have had enough of war, and how the civilian community can support them. Mary Ann Wright explains why she resigned her position as a senior diplomat in protest of the Bush administrations policies. Kit Cage reminds us that to stop a war, we must first have the right to speak out against it. Patricia Foulkrod describes the war still raging inside soldiers after they come home, and calls on civilians to help veterans reconnect and readjust. Each of these voices is a lesson in the power that can be unleashed by just one person willing to speak her mind. Study Questions What does duty mean to Camilo Mejia? How is duty connected to freedom? Several contributors to this chapter emphasize that under some circumstances, it is wrong to remain silent. What responsibility do ordinary people have to speak up when they disagree with government policies? Nancy Lessin and Cindy Sheehan feel betrayed by the government that sent their sons to war. When is a government justified in sending soldiers to fight? What should the repercussions be if a government sends soldiers to die in an unjustified war? Cindy Sheehan holds George Bush personally responsible for the death of her son. Is a leader morally responsible for all the effects of the decisions he makes? Camilo Mejia refused to go back to Iraq because he believed the war was wrong. Marti Hiken advocates organizing angry soldiers who are still in the armed forces. How should a soldier act if he or she disagrees with his or her orders? What would you do in such a position? Mary Ann Wright resigned her position in protest of the Bush administrations policies. How was this an act of patriotism? Mary Ann Wright discusses a number of ways in which Bushs policies have made the world less safe. What are they and do you agree with her analysis? The writers who contributed to this chapter oppose the invasion of Iraq for a variety of reasons. What are they? Which do you agree or disagree with and why? Kit Cage argues that free speech and other civil liberties are currently under attack in the U.S. Do you believe this is true? Have you had any personal experience with the erosion of these rights? Are there times when you feel uncomfortable criticizing the government? Nancy Lessin, Cindy Sheehan, Marti Hiken, and Kit Cage have all helped to found organizations to address their political concerns. If you were to start an organization, what would it be? What issues would it address? Who would its members be? What kinds of actions would it take? Does a group like the one youve imagined already exist? Patricia Foulkrod is critical of how veterans are treated after they come home. What obligations does our society have to the men and women who have fought for it? How long do these obligations last? The writers in this chapter suggest a variety of ways to oppose the war and its inhumanity, from inviting a veteran to dinner to joining national lobbying organizations. What kinds of activism do you feel are most important? What are some of the ways that you could get involved with these efforts? Chapter 2. From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace This chapter examines how changing the world begins with changing minds. It is accomplished by thinking differently, teaching differently, and hoping differently. In this chapter, a variety of authors, activists, and thinkers share their visions for transforming society through feminism, education, and imagination. Mahatma Gandhi once said that you must be the change you wish to see in the world. These women tell us how. Creating New Paradigms In The New Paradigm We Hold Within, Eve Ensler (author of The Vagina Monologues and The Good Body) talks about her obsession with the notion of occupation the occupation of countries (by foreign armies) and the occupation of womens bodies (through rape). The concepts of occupation, invasion, and domination are central to the paradigm of those currently in power. But Eve sees a new paradigm, one of healing and connection, emerging from the very bodies of women who have been brutalized and disenfranchised. Violence affects almost every human life. When unexpressed, it results in retaliation and hate, perpetuating the vicious cycle of war and revenge. But when it is experienced and remembered, it turns into wisdom and a passion for peace. It is the vagina warriors of the world, and army of women and vagina-friendly men who have been touched by violence and are determined to keep others from being wounded as they were, who embody and create this new paradigm of caring and healing. The new paradigm is concerned with understanding the causes of violence rather than punishing the perpetrators of it. The old paradigm has resulted in the bombing of innocent people in Afghanistan and Iraq, and it is not reducing the violence in the world, but increasing it. The new paradigm will use its power to enlighten rather than destroy. Women who acknowledge the truth of their experiences, who are not afraid to feel and remember, are becoming vagina warriors and beginning to transform the world. Creating a Path to Peace Columbian Women Create a Path to Peace tells the story of La Ruta Pcifica de las Mujeres, or Ruta (Path), a movement formed when a few women activists learned that 95 percent of the women in one Columbian community had been raped. In response, 1,500 Columbian women traveled to Urab and literally embraced their sisters. This launched a nationwide series of marches to a number of communities under assault. This unique movement, marching against violence and authoritarianism, is rooted in sisterhood and a strong feminist perspective. Ruta demands a stop to arms races and spending on war, and an end to the use of womens bodies and womens children as tools of warfare. Preserving the Open Space of Democracy Author Terry Tempest Williams explains how her brothers cancer and two addresses she gave at universities brought her to realize that she would be willing to die for the freedom of speech in The Open Space of Democracy. To Terry, the open space of democracy is the space for dissent the freedom to question, stand, speak, and act without censorship. It is the space in which people of diametrically opposed viewpoints can come together with open minds to talk about the things that matter to them, and to listen to what others have to say. Democracys only agenda is free participation in civil dialogue, and this is exactly the sort of dialogue that is missing from todays political debates. That is because honest dialogue and deep listening are the things most threatening to the status quo they require that we abandon our comfortable certitude and open ourselves to the possibility of compromise and change. We must allow ourselves to be vulnerable and uncertain in order to give empathy and democracy the space they need to flourish within us and within our society. Listening and Learning Rose Kabuye, a lieutenant colonel in the Rwandan army, participated in conflict-resolution training in Virginia to learn how to talk to Congolese women about the problems between their countries. In Warriors for Peace, she describes how women from countries in conflict were able to learn to listen to one another, to learn from each other, and to go home with a plan to help stop the violence. Having lived through the terrors of war, her goal is to leave behind a safer world for the next generation. Choosing Peace Dr. Elise Boulding, a founder of the International Peace Research Association, believes that human beings have innate capacities for both peace and aggression. It is socialization that determines how individuals and institutions position themselves in the spectrum ranging from peace to violence. In Choosing Peace, she argues that only those who are taught how to imagine peace will be able to work towards peaceful solutions to problems, whether interpersonal or international. And ultimately, only peaceful strategies and practices offer genuine solutions and lead to genuine progress. Peace cultures, though neglected in the media and history books, are indeed real, and it is within our power to expand them until the whole world is a zone of peace. Transforming Dominator Models In Building a Just and Caring World: Four Cornerstones, author and activist Dr. Riane Eisler describes how all human societies can be identified as belonging to either the dominator model or the partnership model. Partnership societies value democracy, equality, caring, and nonviolence, while dominator societies tend to be authoritarian, hierarchic, and violent. A dominator society can be transformed into a partnership society through implementation of four cornerstones: childhood relations (whether young children are taught or are witnesses to violence or cooperation in familial relationships), gender relations (the status of women in society, and the way that gender roles are defined), economic relations (redefining notions of productive work to include care giving and to train and reward those whose labor is devoted to their families), and beliefs, stories, and spirituality (the courage of leaders in all realms of live to actively oppose all forms of injustice and cruelty). It is only through deliberate work to build these four cornerstones at home and around the world that we can create a more peaceful and sustainable future. Educating for Peace A culture of peace begins in childhood, with toys and family traditions and in the classroom. Joan Almon, the U.S. coordinator of the Alliance for Childhood, explains how to teach children peace even in when toy store shelves are full of violent video games and murder and war are shown every night on the news. In The Challenge of Educating for Peace, she calls for a national commitment to peace education. Parents can work towards this in a variety of ways, from taking their children for a walk in the woods to encouraging creative play, and starting family traditions of charity, volunteer work, and community involvement. Peace education at school is also important, and a number of programs offer resources proven to teach children mediation, empathy, and conflict-resolution skills. Children should be encouraged to make a difference in the world through direct activism and involvement in organizations that promote peace. Celebrating Peacemakers In Dark Enough to See the Stars, Catherine Ingram, dharma teacher, reminds us that the most honored and celebrated names in history, recent and ancient, are not those of the warmongers but those of the peacemakers, from Gautama Buddha and Jesus Christ to Martin Luther King Jr. and Mahatma Gandhi. This preference for the good and the kind over the violent and the unjust should suggest to us that these people are inspirations for a better future, not relics of the past. They are not artifacts of a lost greatness, but guides toward what we seek to become. Change is Inevitable War is unnecessary and unnatural. It begins in the mind, and requires organization and manipulation. War is not inevitable: change is. This is what Susan Griffin tells us in The Mind Can Be a Prison or a Door. Summary This chapter examines how changing the world begins with changing minds. In it, a variety of authors, activists, and thinkers share their visions for transforming society through feminism, education, and imagination. Eve Ensler sees a new paradigm of caring and compassion emerging from the very bodies of the courageous women she calls vagina warriors. In the Columbia, the women of Ruta come together and travel across their country to embrace the women of war torn communities. Terry Tempest Williams explains how true democracy requires genuine dialogue and deep listening, and how these things on their own can threaten the status quo. Rose Kabuye tells how she traveled from Rwanda to a U.S. university to learn how to talk to the enemy and listen to her. Dr. Elise Boulding argues that socialization determines whether individuals will use violent or peaceful strategies to address problems, and Dr. Riane Eisler lays out the four cornerstones of transforming global society from a model of domination to a model of partnership. Joan Almon offers concrete strategies for teaching children peace at home and at school. Catherine Ingram suggests that the celebrated peacemakers of the past can show us the way toward our better selves, and Susan Griffin succinctly tells us that war is both unnatural and unnecessary. Each thinker offers her wisdom about where we are now and her hopes for where we might go together. Study Questions How is the new paradigm Eve Ensler describes connected to womens bodies? What must women do to bring it into being? What role do men play in this process? Is a vagina warrior a pacifist? What are her weapons? Do you know women who are vagina warriors? The women of Ruta march on communities where women have been victimized and embrace their wounded sisters. Do you believe this sort of activism can lead to real change in a society? Are there analogous movements of solidarity and sisterhood that might be appropriate in your own country? What effects does witnessing her brothers struggle with cancer have on Terry Tempest Williams? How does his journey connect with her beliefs about free speech? Terry Tempest Williams argues that genuine debate and open-mindedness are prerequisites for true democracy. Do you feel that these would be enough to heal American political society? What else does democracy require? What kinds of activism encourage this sort of civil dialogue? Dr. Elise Boulding claims that all people have the capacity to be either peaceful or violent. Do you think this is true? What kinds of socialization teach peace? How do these processes of socialization affect adults? Is it ever too late to change ones orientation? In Chapter 2, several writers argue that world peace is an attainable goal. Do you believe this? Do you think it is possible in your lifetime? If world peace was achieved, do you believe it would last, or would it be temporary? Dr. Riane Eisler identifies four cornerstones that can transform a violent society into a peaceful one, ranging from intimate family dynamics to broad economic restructuring. How is your society doing with regard to each of these four measures? In what area does it most need to improve? Do you feel it is a higher priority to make your own country more peaceful, or to work toward establishing the four cornerstones internationally? Joan Almon offers advice for teaching children peace. Did your own parents teach you peace? What about your school? Which of the methods she suggests might be appropriate for teaching peace to adults? Do you agree with Catherine Ingram that the peacemakers of the past are more celebrated than the warriors? What peacemakers have been particularly inspirational to you? Susan Griffin writes that war is neither a primary physical need nor an impulse. Is aggression either of those things? Can aggression be used towards peaceful ends, or must it lead to war of some sort? Susan Griffin claims that war arises from unfounded ideas and distorted perceptions. What specific ideas and perceptions can lead to war? Are the causes of different wars similar, or is each truly unique? Several sections of Chapter 2 connect a culture of peace with feminism and feminine values. Are women more peaceful than men? If so, is this by nature or because of socialization? Another theme of Chapter 2 is the importance of imagination. Can you imagine a culture of peace? What would its economic system be like? How would its judicial system work? Who would be its leaders? Chapter 3. Building a Stronger Antiwar Movement Even after the last American soldier comes home from Iraq, the antiwar movement will still have along fight ahead of it. Stopping war doesnt just mean stopping this war, it means stopping all wars. To win the long struggle, the antiwar movement must reflect on the lessons of the past and build its strength for the future. In Chapter 3, the activists who are leading todays struggle tell us how to gear up for tomorrow. The New Internationalism To writer and activist Phyllis Bennis, the worldwide antiwar demonstrations on February 15, 2003 were not just a success in preventing the global community from legitimizing the invasion of Iraq, but a lesson in the future of activism. Never before had so many people in so many groups in so many places all stood up and voiced their protest together, and to Phyllis, this is just the beginning of a new age of global mobilization. As she discusses in Activists as Ambassadors, new technologies have made it possible to coordinate actions around the planet, and never have more people everywhere been so aware of the consequences of war and the importance of standing against it together. Phyllis calls this phenomenon the new internationalism. Her experiences organizing opposition to the Iraq war have taught her the importance of working together with all groups, countries, and individuals who share your goal, regardless of where they might stand on other issues. Aiming for Unified Strategies In A Permanent Peoples Movement, Leslie Cagan, national coordinator of United for Peace and Justice, argues that despite the importance of occasional mass demonstrations, one of the biggest achievement of the antiwar movement has been the establishment of a federation of hundreds of organizations across the country which work locally on a daily basis to organize vigils, call elected officials, write letters to newspapers, and raise funds for humanitarian aid to Iraq. These groups are independent, yet join together in United for Peace and Justice to coordinate national campaigns and events. Despite this tremendous progress in collaboration, the antiwar movement still spends much of its time responding to new emergencies rather than engaging in long term strategic planning to prevent future wars. And the need for this kind of unified strategy is why it is so important to have diverse groups working locally, but also to coordinate the global peoples movement both nationally and internationally. Growing Up with Activists Frida Berrigan grew up in a community of radical peacemaking. Her parents, Liz MacAlister and Philip Berrigan, were nonviolent activists protesting the Vietnam War and nuclear arms race who both spent years in prison for their civil disobedience. In A Life in the Movement: An Interview with Frida Berrigan, she discusses what it was like to grow up in this kind of environment, and how she works in her own way to combat wasteful and unnecessary military spending as an analyst for the World Policy Institute. She tells stories of her familys activism and discusses the difficulty of balancing a commitment to peace and the demands of a normal life. She calls on the antiwar movement to work harder to educate lawmakers and the general population about the facts of national defense and the cult of militarism, to take inspiration from local initiatives that bind people together in peacemaking communities, and to take the risks involved in radical activism. Unreported Victories When Eisha Mason, the executive director of the Center for the Advancement of Nonviolence, examines the recent history of the antiwar movement, she sees a string of successes that have gone unreported by the national media. In The Patience to Win, she outlines these victories: the creation of public debate over the war, the development of a global antiwar community, the organization of an infrastructure for activism, the increased understanding of the connection between global trade and global politics, the growth of compassion, and the rise of new leaders, locally and nationally. And all this has been accomplished nonviolently. Yet a movement does not succeed with one demonstration or in one year, and like all others, the antiwar movement will require long years of effort before it reaches its goals, and we will need both patience and dedication to see it through. Asking for Peace Author Rebecca Solnit tells the story of how a protest at an Oakland port where arms were being shipped to Iraq inspired one immigrant truck driver to pull over and ask for a peace sign for his rig in A New Coalition. When he tried to make his delivery, he was turned back at the gates. Misbehaving for Peace Diane Wilson, shrimper, activist, and founding member of CODEPINK, first learned about the terrible costs of war as an army medic during the Vietnam War. She didnt want another generation of American soldiers to pay that same price, so when the Bush administration was gearing up for the invasion of Iraq, she went to DC and crashed a meeting of the House Arms Services Committee where Rumsfeld was making the case for war. Then she participated in a hunger strike and vigil in front of the White House, at one point scaling the White House fence with an antiwar banner. After that she was banned from DC, so she went to New York and chained herself to the gate of the UN the day before the February 2003 demonstrations. In The Art of Misbehavin, Diane confesses that she still doesnt feel like shes done enough. She stresses that opposition to war must not just be a sentiment, but a commitment: peace must be pursued as aggressively as others pursue war. The antiwar movement does not just need members it needs heroes. Talking With People Who Disagree In Nurture New Activists, Marti Hiken, co-chair of the Military Law Task Force of the National Lawyers Guild, shows the power of taking the time to talk to those who disagree with you. In this piece, she recalls the activist who changed her mind about the Vietnam War when she was in college, just by arguing with her about it every day for weeks. It was on the day that activist left Martis campus that she realized the womans job had been done she was against the war. Stopping the Next War Even though the antiwar movement didnt prevent the invasion of Iraq, it has already begun the work of stopping the next war. It mobilized people from across the political and social spectrum, from environmentalists to religious groups. Todays antiwar activists are not just the longhaired, tie-dye wearing stereotypes of generations past: they are parents, priests, Francophiles, and suburbanites. They are not a fringe group, but a composite that spans the spectrum of American life. As Becky Bond, creative producer for Working Assets, puts it, this is Not Ronald Reagans Antiwar Movement. To win the fight against the next war, the antiwar movement must maintain its ties to a broad coalition of diverse groups, even groups with very different perspectives on war itself and when and why it should be protested. We must also remember that it isnt enough to have an opinion to effect change, you have to speak out, volunteer, or donate to groups that will. You have to elect leaders who will oppose war, and hold them accountable for how they vote. You have to stay positive, remember that there have already been successes as well as failures, bring a friend, and find people to laugh with. Summary Even after the last American soldier comes home from Iraq, the antiwar movement will still have along fight ahead of it. In Chapter 3, the activists who are leading todays struggle tell us how to gear up for tomorrow. Phyllis Bennis discusses the impact of new technology on the organization of antiwar strategies, and the importance of forming national and international coalitions to enact them. Leslie Cagan praises the grassroots activism of the hundreds of antiwar organizations that plan together but work independently, and calls for long term planning to stop the next war before it starts. Frida Berrigan talks about growing up in a family of radical activists and her own struggle to balance her commitment to peace with the demands of daily life. Eisha Mason outlines the many successes of the antiwar movement and reminds us that this will be a long journey, requiring patience and dedication to see it through. Rebecca Solnit tells the story of how one immigrant trucker joined the antiwar movement, and Diane Wilson demands that we act out and take risks for peace. Marti Hiken remembers the woman who convinced her to oppose a different war. Becky Bond remarks on how broad based and diverse the antiwar movement has become, and lists practical next steps for concerned individuals. The war against war is far from over, and these lessons will guide peacemakers in the years to come. Study Questions Several contributors to Chapter 3 stress the importance of inclusiveness and reaching out to groups with diverse perspectives and orientations, as long as they share your goal. Are there different organizations in your community that could work together towards peace? What tactics or policies could enable your group to form alliances with those who may disagree with you on other issues? What are compromises that should not be made for the sake of unity? Phyllis Bennis discusses the importance of the U.N. and the international community in working for peace. In what ways can the U.N. promote peace? Under what circumstances will it do so? Are there ways in which antiwar groups can push the U.N. into a more active role in peacemaking? Phyllis Bennis appreciates how new technologies have aided national and international cooperation between antiwar groups. But Frida Berrigan points out that it gives some people an easy out as they call signing an online petition activism. How can antiwar organizations avoid the pitfalls of modern technology? How can they encourage their members to participate in old-fashioned ways, too? Leslie Cagan calls for long-term strategies to stop future wars. What would such a plan look like? What would be included in it? What kinds of tools would the antiwar movement need to enact it? Frida Berrigan emphasizes the importance of peacemaking communities, and of making activism part of daily life. How could your group deepen its sense of community? What kinds of activism promote personal ties and strengthen members commitment to peacemaking? Marti Hiken doesnt know the name of the woman who changed her mind about the Vietnam War. Who first connected you with the antiwar movement? Did you always feel the same way about peace? Are there opportunities for you to reach out to others to bring them into the antiwar community? Eisha Mason writes about the successes of the antiwar movement. Have there been other successes that she didnt mention? Diane Wilson believes in acting out for peace. What kinds of civil disobedience make the most impact? Does media coverage determine how effective they are? Would you be willing to risk jail time to protest war? Marti Hiken changed her mind about the Vietnam War because of her debates with an antiwar protestor. What arguments would you use to convince a war supporter that the occupation of Iraq is wrong? Becky Bond was surprised by the diversity of the people who came out to protest war. Who has surprised you by joining the antiwar movement? Becky Bond described the Environmentalists against the War rally that included a convoy of electric and hybrid cars. What other unusual marches can you imagine? Would a march with a unique theme draw out participants who might not attend a conventional protest? Chapter 4. Strengthening Womens Voices Chapter 4 focuses on specifically feminine perspectives on peacemaking: the importance of revaluing traditionally feminine qualities, the burden war places on women, how womens rights are used as an excuse for war, and the stories of women activists working for peace in unique an powerful ways. Concern for women must include concern about the wars that destroy so many womens lives, and concern for peace is often voiced most clearly and insistently by women. Barbara Ehrenreich Barbara Ehrenreich, author and activist, has A New Counterterrorism Strategy: Feminism. She calls for a serious, sustained effort to defend the human rights of women around the world. Instead of spending money on wars, the U.S. foreign policy agenda should focus on things like girls education in Pakistan, scholarships for women discouraged from pursuing higher education, an end to the trafficking of women, and a reversal of Bushs international family planning policies. Or course, before the U.S. could effectively work for womens rights abroad, things would have to change at home. Wed have to put more women in Congress and put real diplomatic pressure on countries that oppress women. The fight against extremist Islamic insurgents starts with their daughters and their wives. Beth Osnes Mothering her own children gave Beth Osnes the urge to reach out to other mothers, women forced to raise their children without clean water, health care, or basic security. She and her friends came to realize that mothers could be a powerful force acting to protect all children, so they founded Mothers Acting Up. In Mothers of All the Worlds Children, Beth writes about how this group went from a simple idea to a nationwide organization. MAU organizes activist Mothers Day events and works to use the political power of mothers in positive ways to impact policy in all areas that affect children, from the allocation of aid for pregnant mothers with AIDS in Africa to the support of Operation Head Start. Laura Flanders In W Stands for War, Laura Flanders, author and radio show host, reminds us that the Bush administration used the plight of women in Afghanistan to justify the invasion of their country. Yet once the bombing was over, Bush turned his back on Afghan women, offering neither financial nor political support to their struggle for equality. While he claims to be a defender of womens rights, Bushs policies have made most women less secure, in Afghanistan and everywhere else. StarHawk It isnt that women are innately more peaceful than men, author Starhawk explains in Feminist Voices for Peace. Its that patriarchy values hard qualities like toughness, aggression, and competition and devalues soft qualities like compassion, nurturing, and tenderness, linking those hard qualities with masculinity and the soft ones with femininity. It is up to the women to put forth an alternate vision of strength the strength of the negotiator and peacemaker as opposed to the warrior and authoritarian. War is the ultimate expression of patriarchy, releasing unmitigated violence and creating conditions where soft qualities mean death. The United States government cynically and hypocritically poses as the liberator of women, though it was the one who empowered the Taliban and Saddam Hussein in the first place, and though womens rights at home are still shamefully neglected. We need feminist voices to support women, not conquer them, and to work toward real security through aid and support rather than violence and domination. Sonali Kolhatkar Sonali Kolhatkar, co-director of the Afghan Womens Mission and radio host, connects American rhetoric of liberation with the old British justifications of Imperialism in Freedom Through Solidarity The Lie of Liberation. In fact, the paradigm of liberation victimizes women and robs them of dignity and self-determination. Unsurprisingly, in the wake of liberation, the Afghan women are no better off than they were before. Those truly concerned with the rights of women should act through solidarity, not invasion, by supporting indigenous womens rights organizations and ending support of misogynistic forces. Kavita Ramdas In Global Women for Peace, Kavita N. Ramdas, president and CEO of the Global Fund for Women, points out that women around the world have been at the forefront of the global peace movement in recent years. Women in Afghanistan struggle to take part in the construction of their new Constitution, while womens lawyers associations work to preserve womens human rights, and women activists in Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia bring women and regional leaders together for peace talks. Meanwhile, the American womens rights movement is disconnected from the global effort for peace, not recognizing how the war on terrorism is a threat to their security. We need to persuade U.S. womens groups to join with the international womens movement in working to stop violent conflicts everywhere. At the same time, womens organizations elsewhere need to support American women, and recognize the diversity of opinions and visions in our country. Neela Marikkar When terrorism devastated Neela Marikkars business and threatened to cripple her countrys economy, she formed Sri Lanka First. In Empowering the Silent Majority, she describes how she came to the realization that the Sri Lankan business community needed to come together and put pressure on the government to do what was right for their country. Working for peace and development is only Neelas night job. She also runs the largest marketing communications company and tries to find time for her family. In 2001, Sri Lanka First organized a demonstration in which over a million people poured into the streets to demand negotiations with the rebels. Within months, hostilities in Sri Lanka ceased. The cease-fire is still holding. Summary Chapter 4 focuses on specifically feminine perspectives on peacemaking: the importance of revaluing traditionally feminine qualities, the burden war places on women, how womens rights are used as an excuse for war, and the stories of women activists working for peace in unique an powerful ways. Concern for women must include concern about the wars that destroy so many womens lives, and concern for peace is often voiced most clearly and insistently by women. Barbara Ehrenreich argues that the best way to fight terrorism is to defend the human rights of women, both in the U.S. and around the world. Beth Osnes tells how caring for her own children gave her the drive to found an organization that fights to protect the rights of all children. Laura Flanders reminds us how the Bush administration used the plight of women in Afghanistan to justify the invasion of their country, and then abandoned them once the bombs stopped falling. Starhawk discusses how the patriarchy exalts masculine qualities that find their fullest expression in war, and how it is the feminine qualities of compassion and nurturing that can lead the way to peace. Sonali Kolhatkar shows that the rhetoric of womens liberation used to justify war leads only to victimization, and that true concern for women acts through solidarity, not invasion. Kavita N. Ramdas contrasts the remarkable peacemaking efforts of women from Afghanistan to Sierra Leone with the reluctance of American womens groups to take on issues of war and national aggression. Neela Marikkar writes about her own remarkable work to end the war crippling her own country, Sri Lanka. Each of these voices is a testament to the strength of women who come together to work for peace. Study Questions Barbara Ehrenreich suggests that defending womens human rights will weaken terrorists. How? Are countries in which women are treated comparatively well less warlike or less violent than countries where women are oppressed? What can the U.S. do to help women in repressive societies? What should the U.S. not do in the name of defending womens rights? Mothers Acting Up is an organization of mothers fighting for childrens rights. What are these rights? How can they best be enforced? Does protecting children create a more peaceful world? Laura Flanders claims that Bushs policies have made women everywhere less secure. In what ways is this true? Laura also remarks on how the U.S. abandoned the women of Afghanistan. What are social conditions like in Afghanistan today? What can be done at this point to aid the Afghan women in their struggle for equality? Starhawk believes that socialization rather than biology causes the differentiation between mens values and womens values. Do you agree with this? Is your society moving towards or away from a greater appreciation of feminine qualities? Are there examples of countries becoming more peaceful as women achieve more political power and hold more governmental positions? Is the U.S. still a patriarchy? What kinds of activism help to revalue traditionally feminine qualities? Sonali Kolhatkar argues that the best way to advance womens rights is through support of indigenous womens movements, not invasion or regime change. Are there times when military intervention would be justified to protect womens rights? What kinds of support are most useful to foreign womens movements? In what cases is use of the rhetoric of liberation dangerous and destructive? Are there times when it is appropriate? Several writers offer sharp criticism of the Bush administrations treatment of the women of Afghanistan. If the attack on the Taliban had been handled differently, could it have had a positive effect on the position of women in Afghanistan, or is any such attack inherently detrimental to womens rights? Kavita Ramdas calls on U.S. womens organizations to take a more active role in working for peace. Why might they be reluctant to get involved in these struggles? How would getting more involved help them advance their goals? Would it help if international womens organizations reached out and invited them to join in? Do you think that U.S. womens groups are becoming more involved in the fight against war over time? Neela Marikkars Sri Lanka First movement was so powerful because it called on politicians and citizens to put the good of their country ahead of their own personal desires and agendas. What would putting the good of your own country first mean? What policies would result from this? Several contributors to Chapter 4 argue that women have a unique perspective on issues of war and peace. Do you agree with this? How would you describe the difference between mens and womens attitudes toward war and conflict resolution? Chapter 5. The Humanity We Share Peace happens when people can look past labels and religious differences and see their shared humanity, see that the man holding the gun is some mothers son and the acts of a few do not represent the wishes of the many. The work of peace is done when enemies meet and strangers become friends. In interviews, essays, peace prayers, and exhortations, Chapter 5 explores how people reach out in the face of fear and grief and find ways to build bridges across battle zones. Refusing to be Enemies Dr. Sumaya Farhat-Naser, a Palestinian and the co-founder of the Jerusalem Center for Women, and Gila Svirky, a Jewish Israeli peace activist, are on the same side: the side of peace. In We Refuse to Be Enemies, they recount how the women of Israel and Palestine have been at the forefront of the peace movement for the past thirteen years. Women activists have met and negotiated in local homes and foreign nations, hammering out solutions to the toughest issues standing between their peoples. They want an end to occupation and an end to violence and terrorism. They believe that the nations of Israel and Palestine have equal rights to independent, secure states. In addition to holding protests and dialogues, these women teach peace in their daily work as mothers, teachers, and social workers, passing the subversive message on to children and clients alike. These women refuse to accept war, and will not give in to violence. Exporting Democracy Shirin Ebadi, Nobel peace laureate and human-rights activist, was once a judge in Iran. She argues that Islam and democracy are entirely compatible in The Pillars of Peace. Muslims should not believe that they must choose between their tradition and democracy, and the Western leaders and the Western media should not conflate Islam with terrorism. The crimes of extremists of any kind of crimes of individuals, not crimes of the religion they claim to fight for. Democracy and human rights are common needs of all cultures, but democracy is not a gift or an instant revolution, but something that comes only with a long struggle and constant care. It cannot be spread with bombs. It is not an excuse for large countries to attack small ones. Exporting democracy does not entail exporting weapons, but supporting the freedom fighters of the countries still under dictatorial rule. Pleading for the Children In A Mothers Plea, Nurit Peled-Elhanah, Israeli peace activist and professor, explains that the true division in the world is not between Jew and Muslim or white and black, but between the war lovers who justify atrocities in the name of Allah or Democracy, and the peace lovers who insist that violence is never an acceptable solution. George Bush, Saddam Hussein, and Ariel Sharon are equally evil to her, because each orders the murder of the innocent for the sake of a political agenda. Nurits daughter, killed by a suicide bomber on her way to dance class when she was thirteen years old, and all the other dead children Palestinian children cut down by Israeli machine guns and Israeli boys in IDF uniforms cry out from the ground for an end to all the war. Children must be taught to love peace and to never follow orders to kill anyone. Because what matters is not what flag flies from what mountain, but that every child can walk the streets of her city in safety. Meeting Face to Face in Friendship Rabia Roberts, co-director of the Boulder Institute for Nature and the Human Spirit, has spent the last several years traveling to conflict areas around the world. In Pilgrimage for Peace, she talks about her journey to Syria. In conversations with students, architects, priests, sheikhs, and business people, Rabia and her husband were met with hospitality, dignity, and appreciation. Members of her group were interviewed on Syrian TV, and her husband was invited to speak after Friday prayers at the largest mosque in Damascus. He talked about what he had seen in Syria: sophisticated culture, religious integrity, kindness and generosity. Her travels have taught her that peace will come when we reject the lies we are told about ourselves and each other, and meet face to face in friendship. Refusing Evil Serbian writer, filmmaker, and member of Women in Black, Jasmina Tsanovic has plenty of reasons to feel that Americans are her enemies. But in Letter to My Imaginary American Friend, she writes that although the U.S. bombed her country and killed her people with sanctions, it was not the American people who did this. The decent people of the United States need the aid of the world to free them from the government that does these things in their name. The true enemies of all people are militarism and nationalism. They are the killers within and among us. But the people who refuse these evils, who condemn every war and demand accountability for it, who support victims and conscientious objectors, are also everywhere. Jasmina tells her American friends that no one can save them, lead them, or destroy them but themselves. Making a Hate-Free Zone Pramila Jayapal founded Hate-Free Zone Washington because within days of September 11 she was receiving calls from members of immigrant communities around Seattle who were already under attack. Her organization worked with the police, schools, and city government not only to protect individuals from other individuals, but also to protect whole communities from government actions. In Make America a Hate-Free Zone, she explains that the federal government has detained massive numbers of Middle Eastern immigrants since 9/11, often without pressing any charges, and has refused to release information about the detainees. Immigrants have been deported for the most minor infractions, barred from jobs, and kicked out of research labs. Government officials have harassed them. Ordinary citizens are encouraged to scrutinize them for suspicious activity. These actions make most of us no safer, while making the newest and most vulnerable Americans much less secure. Making the Case for True Security In What We Expect from America, Mary Robinson, former president of Ireland and former UN high commissioner for human rights, reminds us that U.S. leadership was critical in the formation of the global human rights agenda after the end of WWII. Yet since 9/11, America has gone from being a leader in human rights to being an example of what not to do. Nations around the world use the U.S. detention center in Guantnamo Bay as an excuse for abandoning the Geneva Conventions. As a direct result of U.S. policy, human rights standards have slipped globally. This has to change. The integrity of humanitarian-law norms must be maintained, and we must make the case that true security is only possible when all human rights are guaranteed for all people. Summary Peace happens when people can look past labels and religious differences and see their shared humanity, see that the man holding the gun is some mothers son and the acts of a few do not represent the wishes of the many. The work of peace is done when enemies meet and strangers become friends. In interviews, essays, peace prayers, and exhortations, Chapter 5 explores how people reach out in the face of fear and grief and find ways to build bridges across battle zones. Dr. Sumaya Farhat-Naser, a Palestinian and the co-founder of the Jerusalem Center for Women, and Gila Svirky, a Jewish Israeli peace activist, work for peace by refusing to be enemies. Shirin Ebadi argues that Islam is compatible with democracy when its not exported at gunpoint. Nurit Peled-Elhanah teaches us that the true division in the world is not between Jew and Muslim or white and black, but between the war lovers who justify atrocities in the name of Allah or Democracy, and the peace lovers who insist that violence is never an acceptable solution. Rabia Roberts tells how her pilgrimage to Syria let her forge connections with a misunderstood people. Jasmina Tsanovic believes that the true enemies of her Serbian people are not the Americans who bombed them, but nationalism and militarism. Pramila Jayapal reminds us how the government since 9/11 has victimized immigrants in the U.S.. Mary Robinson calls on the U.S. to go back to being a leader in human rights, instead of setting an example of human rights violations and disrespect for international law. Study Questions The Western media seldom reports on the efforts of peace activists like Dr. Sumaya Farhat-Naser and Gila Svirky to create peace in the Middle East. Why do you think this is? Do you see evidence of a growing culture of peace in Israel and the Palestinian Territories? Dr. Sumaya Farhat-Naser and Gila Svirky have refused to be enemies. Who does the media try to portray as your enemies? Do you accept those labels? Why or why not? Shirin Ebadi criticizes how the Western media conflates Islam and terrorism. What are ways to spread positive images of Islam, and to build bridges to peacemakers in the Muslim community? Shirin Ebadi argues that democracy cannot be spread through war and invasion. Has Iraq become a democracy since the U.S. invasion? What nonviolent tactics can be used to promote democracy there? What about in countries still ruled by authoritarian governments? Nurit Peled-Elhanah calls for an end to all violent conflicts. Can all political conflicts be solved nonviolently? What would happen if one side stopped fighting and the other didnt? What are nonviolent methods of preventing terrorism? Nurit Peled-Elhanah criticizes all the ways in which religion has been used to sanction bloodshed, yet also finds messages of peace in religious texts. How has religion aided the struggle for peace? How can peacemakers of faith reclaim their religion from extremists? Rabia Roberts traveled to Syria to learn about the enemy. What are rogue nations that you dont know too much about? Are you curious about what the people of that country are really like? How could you find out more about them? Jasmina Tsanovic believes that the true enemies of all people are nationalism and militarism. Are there wars that these factors cant account for? Are there other things you would add to her list? Jasmina Tsanovic does not hold ordinary Americans responsible for the actions of the U.S. government. Are Americans responsible for what the Bush administration has done? To what extent? What responsibilities do the citizens of non-democratic countries have for their government? Pramila Jayapal writes about how the government has abused immigrants in the U.S. since 9/11. What are responsible controls to place on immigration? Should immigrants have the same legal protections as citizens? How can the government be held accountable for its abuses? How can communities protect their immigrant populations from the government? Pramila Jayapal points out that many of the restrictions and investigations of immigrants in the U.S. have not really made the country safer. What other recent security strategies have been ineffective or counterproductive? Mary Robinson tells us that many nations are now using U.S. human rights abuses to justify their own human rights failures. At what point did the U.S. go from being a leader in human rights to a retrograde state? How can human rights be defended in times of war? How can peace activists convince the government that upholding human rights norms increases security? Mary Robinson argues for a very expansive definition of human rights. What do you think should be counted as a fundamental human right? Chapter 6. Unspin the Media The increase in American militarism after 9/11 was accompanied by a decrease in anything resembling fair and balanced reporting in the corporate media. National news outlet toed the party line and reported the news that the administration wanted the public to see. Alternate viewpoints were ignored or ridiculed. In order to end this war and prevent future ones, peacemakers must take back the news, either by holding existing media outlets accountable for their coverage or by creating alternative ones. Chapter 6 explores how the media went wrong and what might be done to fix it. Holding the Media Accountable In The Guards Are Sleeping: An Interview with Helen Thomas, the first lady of the press discusses the tremendous failures of the national media in the period leading up to the invasion of Iraq. She decries the lack of investigative reporters, the herd mentality and the culture of fear after 9/11 that discouraged reporters from asking tough questions and holding leaders accountable. Today, most White House correspondents have close ties to the president, built during the presidential campaign, and are reluctant to jeopardize that relationship by challenging what theyre told. Both the news media and members of Congress should now be held accountable for blindly endorsing an unjustified war, and never asking what right we had to be in Iraq. Providing Vital Information Katrina Vandel Heuvel, editor of the Nation magazine, talks about the capacity of the media to either provide vital, lifesaving information or to poison minds with misinformation in Heading into the Cave with a Torch. In recent years, fueled by the interests of corporate owners and advertisers rather than the public good, reporters have stopped raising hard issues and alternate points of view. Afraid of losing access to the powerful, reporters kowtow to leaders instead of questioning them. Fortunately, new kinds of independent news sources are emerging on the Internet, created by the participants of political movements themselves. These new commentators are beholden to their constituents rather than a media monopoly, and so are much more responsive to the public interest. Using the Power of Dissent According to Amy Goodman, host of Democracy Now!, dissent is what keeps a country healthy. Yet the coverage of the invasion of Iraq included only discussions with retired generals and reporters embedded in military units not peace activists or Iraqi families. In The Power of Dissent, Amy comments on how sanitized and one-sided the coverage of the war and its consequences were and continue to be. Their coverage was neither independent nor impartial, and in this they failed the American people. Such abdication of responsibility is what makes Independent Media Centers and programs like Democracy Now so important. The rest of the media would do well to take notice and follow their model of honest reporting. Reporting All of the Facts In Building a Better Media, Janine Jackson, program director at Fairness & Accuracy in Reporting, imagines the kind of media that America ought to have. This sort of journalism would report all the facts, not just the ones the political elite wants the public to see. It would question the powerful, demanding answers to tough questions, especially in times of war and national crisis. It would present a broad debate, covering the full range of views on important issues, and balancing the commentary of government affiliated sources with those of independent organizations. The way to get this sort of media is to demand it to object to inaccurate news coverage, to call for diversification of the ownership of media outlets, and to support independent outlets that do things differently. Becoming Media Activists Andrea Buffa, peace campaign coordinator at Global Exchange, tells us that the media must be changed if the next war is to be stopped before it starts. In Be the Media, she makes the case that the utter lack of coverage of the human costs of the Iraqi war prove that peace activists must be media activists as well. Instead of regulating media outlets to work for the public interest, the FCC has worked to promote corporate profits. Public radio and television, dependent on funding from Congress to survive, are reluctant to be too critical of government policy. Andrea suggests several reforms to improve the quality and quantity of programming: bringing back the Fairness Doctrine that required broadcast media outlets to offer opposing viewpoints in a fair manner, licensing additional low-power FM radio stations to create more opportunities for community radio stations, making broadcasters pay for their use of the public airwaves and using the money raised to help fund public media, bringing back requirements for local programming and more public affairs programming, setting aside part of the broadcast spectrum for nonprofit and community stations, and defeating whatever new legislation seeks to further weaken regulation of telecommunications. In addition, new media must be created to fill the gaps in corporate programming, and the public must be educated about how to find alternative news sources. Conveying Creativity and Courage The role of the media is not just to inform the public it also has the power to inspire or to terrify. In Hope Versus Cynicism, Nina Rothschild Utne, chair and CEO of Utne magazine, argues that it is the responsibility of the media not only to provide fair and accurate reporting, but also to convey their messages in a way which cultivate creativity and courage, and allow us as a society to face the future with determination and grace. Crossing the Line Between Witness and Participant When Tad Bartimus, columnist, author and longtime reporter, covered the Vietnam War in the 1970s, she was out there on her own, hitching rides on Vietnamese helicopters and peasants cycles. She made her way among troops and civilians, searching for stories. But in todays war, things are very different. As she describes in Killing the Messenger with Kindness, the majority of coverage comes from embedded reporters who eat, sleep, and risk their lives among a specific group of soldiers. The emotional ties and physical dependence created by this situation by necessity impacts the journalists reporting. Journalists cross the line between witness and participant, and lose their impartiality along the way. This tactic also keeps reporters safely among American soldiers and away from the Iraqi civilians who pay the price of American victories in lost lives and ruined cities. Those reporters who choose to work independently are no longer safe, even from American forces. Meanwhile, the First Amendment rights on which the free press depends are being eroded at home. Summary The increase in American militarism after 9/11 was accompanied by a decrease in anything resembling fair and balanced reporting in the corporate media. In order to end this war and prevent future ones, peacemakers must take back the news, either by holding existing media outlets accountable for their coverage or by creating alternative ones. Chapter 6 explores how the media went wrong and what might be done to fix it. Helen Thomas discusses the tremendous failures of the national media in the period leading up to the invasion of Iraq, and asks us to hold them responsible for their misguidance. Katrina Vandel Heuvel talks about how, beholden to the interests of corporate owners and advertisers rather than the public good, reporters have stopped raising hard issues and alternate points of view, and lauds the emergence of new independent news sources. Amy Goodman calls for news coverage that stirs dissent and challenges the powerful. Janine Jackson details the kind of media we should demand and work for. Andrea Buffa makes the case that the utter lack of coverage of the human costs of the Iraqi war proves that peace activists must be media activists as well, and offers a plan of action to improve news coverage. Nina Rothschild Utne argues that it is the responsibility of the media not only to provide fair and accurate reporting, but also to convey their messages in a way that cultivates creativity and courage, and allow us as a society to face the future with determination and grace. Tad Bartimus discusses how war reporting has changed since the 1970s, and how these reforms keep journalists from doing their jobs. Each of these commentators provides her own insight on how to change the news media from a lapdog back to a watchdog. Study Questions Some contributors to Chapter 6 suggest ways to rehabilitate the corporate news media, while others suggest creating new media outlets instead. Are the national news agencies fixable? How much do you trust them? Katrina Vandel Heuvel and Amy Goodman argue that a new, independent news media is necessary to replace the traditional media outlets. What independent news sources do you make use of? What percentage of your news comes from alternative outlets? Do you find them more reliable and accurate then the traditional outlets? In what ways could they be improved? Helen Thomas holds out hope that reporters are beginning to wake up and do their jobs again. Do you see evidence that this is happening? Do you believe it is possible for journalists to act as government watchdogs within the current system? Helen Thomas advocates holding media outlets responsible for their past lapses. Do you think this will change their future behavior? Is it meaningful when commentators publicly admit their past coverage was flawed? Several contributors note the lack of meaningful investigative reporting today. Why do you think investigative reporting no longer takes place? What might encourage news agencies to engage in more of it? Katrina Vandel Heuvel and Nina Rothschild Utne emphasize the ways in which the media influences the moral tone and intellectual atmosphere of a society, whether to enlighten and inspire or to foster fear and blind obedience. What kind of impact have news stories had on you personally? Should media outlets decide what kinds of stories to publish based on the impact they anticipate it having on their audience? What kinds of impact should the media be aiming for? Katrina Vandel Heuvel describes the established press as sycophantic. Are there exceptions to this? Can you think of individual reporters or columnists who have worked to spread non-government sanctioned viewpoints? It is widely acknowledged that the Bush administration is much more controlling of the news media than other administrations have been. Do you think that future presidents will tolerate more freedom of reporting, or is this trend here to stay? Although the U.S. media has been alarmingly uncritical of the Bush administration, the same is not true for the international media. Foreign news reports are now available both online and through some cable TV providers. Do Americans make adequate use of these alternate news sources? Do they help to fill some of the gaps left by the U.S. news agencies? Amy Goodman argues that it is the role of the media to promote dissent. What kinds of reporting accomplish this? Janine Jackson offers a list of qualities the media should have. Are there things you would add to her list? In which regards is the U.S. media currently failing most? Are there any in which it is doing an adequate job? Andrea Buffa believes that if the human costs of the Iraqi war were accurately covered, the American people would insist on ending the occupation. Do you believe this is true? At what stage could this type of coverage turned public opinion against the war? Tad Bartimus suggests that being embedded with a military unit undermines impartial war coverage. Are there benefits to having embedded reporters? What kinds of war coverage are most important? Can embedded reporters provide those kinds of coverage? Chapter 7. Hold Our Leaders Accountable Stopping war means changing the behavior of the leaders who perpetuate it. This chapter focuses on how to do that, by influencing individual policymakers, changing the system they work in, and collaborating with anti-war politicians to find smarter ways to keep our country safe. Our leaders do what we let them get away with it is up to the American people to demand that they lead us in the right direction, and to put up a fight when they dont. This group of activists and Congresswomen tells us how. Influencing the Electorate Patricia Scott Schroeder, former congresswoman, explains that before you can influence the policy makers, you have to influence the electorate in On Not Passing the Buck. Unless voters hold their leaders responsible for their decisions, leaders have no reason to change. But nowadays, the American public seems to let politicians get away with anything as long as theyre charming and charismatic. American citizens need to get educated, get outraged, and get involved. Holding Elected Officials to High Standards In Democracy Is a Lifestyle, Doris Granny D Haddock argues that civic involvement is not something that should happen just every two or four years at election time, but something that should be a part of daily life. But today people are too dumbed down and too busy trying to make ends meet to invest time and energy in politics. Even when they do pay attention, they see politicians busy trying to curry favor with corporate donors instead of serving their constituents. The public needs to take back their political system by pushing for publicly funded elections and instant runoff voting, and by holding elected officials to higher standards of leadership. Protesting the Media Conglomerate Chellie Pingree, president and CEO of Common Cause, knows that it has become harder and harder for an individual to have a voice in a political system arranged for the convenience of incumbents and their campaign contributors. Today, the major media outlets distort our news and try to manipulate our political beliefs. But in Making Our Voices Heard, Chellie tells us that we dont just have to accept all this. Citizens can work together to protest the media conglomerate and irresponsible politicians, and the progressive movement is getting better and better at showing people how. This is a time of tremendous challenges, but also one of opportunities to build a more energetic and involved civic community. Preventing Terrorism Congresswoman Lynn Woolsey has a plan to fight terrorism effectively and ethically, and in Get SMART: A Better Response to Terrorism, she tells us what it is. It doesnt involve the backdoor draft of the army reserve or manipulating soldiers into reenlisting. It doesnt involve alienating our allies or fighting ill-planned wars. What it does involve is: preventing future acts of terrorism through international cooperation and stronger intelligence, not through attacking civil liberties and human rights; stopping nuclear proliferation both at home and abroad; addressing terrorisms root causes through international development and engagement in conflict-resolution everywhere from Haiti to the Middle East; investing in peacekeeping and renewable energy instead of war; and finding alternatives to war. Creating a Department of Peace The United States has a Department of Defense to manage its wars, but not Department of Peace to help prevent them. Representative Dennis Kucinich has created a piece of legislation to change that. Domestically, the proposed Peace Dept. would develop programs to address problems like domestic violence and child abuse. Internationally, it would make policy recommendations on how to intervene in conflicts before violence begins. In Creating a Department of Peace, CODEPINK cofounder Medea Benjamin calls on us to support this bill by contacting our representatives and holding community forums to promote it. Finding Our Conscience In Finding Our Conscience Again, Congresswoman Barbara Lee tells us that the peace movement has already made great progress in re-legitimizing dissent in our society. But much remains to be done in addition to opposing the administrations misguided policies, we must develop a clear vision of the future and a proactive agenda to realize it. We must redefine the debate about security and what makes our country safer, and acknowledge the damage that has been done by the war in Iraq. We must continue to protest, and also urge legislators to support measures that promote peace. We must broaden our coalition by understanding the concerns of all Americans, and understanding how national security must also include economic security. The peace movement must not stop at ending this war, but must change the prevailing wisdom that makes war possible. Summary Stopping war means changing the behavior of the leaders who perpetuate it. This chapter focuses on how to do that, by influencing individual policymakers, changing the system they work in, and collaborating with anti-war politicians to find smarter ways to keep our country safe. Patricia Scott Schroeder explains that policymakers wont change their behavior until voters get educated and stop letting charm their way out of any disaster. Doris Granny D Haddock argues that civic involvement is not something that should happen just every two or four years at election time, but something that should be a part of daily life. Chellie Pingree believes that citizens can work together to protest the media conglomerate and irresponsible politicians, and that the progressive movement is getting better and better at showing people how. Congresswoman Lynn Woolsey describes her plan to fight a smarter, more ethical war on terrorism. Medea Benjamin urges us to support the creation of a U.S. Department of Peace. Congresswoman Barbara Lee tells us that the peace movement must develop a clear vision of the future and a proactive agenda to realize it. Each of these contributors offers her own vision of how to take the fight for peace from the city streets to the chambers of the Capitol Building. Study Questions Patricia Schroeder is dismayed by how the American people are more concerned about their presidents personality than his policy decisions. Why has charm become such an important factor in American politics? Why dont the voters take the issues more seriously? How can activists bring the costs of war and the consequences of poor leadership into the public eye? Patricia Schroeder writes: The charm offensive guts the foundations of democracy, which are responsibility and accountability. In practical terms, who are politicians accountable to today? Why? What mechanisms do citizens have for holding their leaders accountable? How can activists persuade them to use those mechanisms? Granny D Haddock believes that civic involvement should be part of our everyday life. How is it part of your life? Why do you choose those particular sorts of activity? How can political participation be made more appealing to ordinary citizens? Granny D Haddock suggests that the progressive movement will attract more members if it tries to solve peoples personal problems. Do the groups you are involved with do that? How? What are ways they could help more people? Chellie Pingree thinks the progressive movement is getting better and better at communicating with the public. Do you agree? What new kinds of communication have you seen used effectively? Which are less effective? As Chellie Pingree suggests, part of the role of activists is to keep dialogue about political issues going when campaigning politicians arent talking about them on television every night. What groups should be involved in this ongoing conversation? How can activists bring different groups together and facilitate an exchange of ideas? What parts of Congresswoman Lynn Woolseys SMART plan do you believe are most important? Do you agree that her plan is the best strategy for fighting terrorism? Are there any additional measures you would suggest adding to it? What are ways that you and your organization could support Congresswoman Woolseys plan? What are the political obstacles to its enactment? How can those obstacles be overcome? What is your opinion about the formation of a Peace Department? If such a department were to be created, what should its responsibilities be? Do you believe it could be effective in promoting peace? How could this administration (or the next one) be persuaded to create a Department of Peace? Do you think the public would support its formation? Why or why not? Congresswoman Barbara Lee calls for the peace movement to develop a clear vision of the future. Do you believe that your organization has such a vision? If so, what is it? What are some of the things you believe should be included in such a vision? In this vision, how does the government behave? What makes it work that way? What is the media like? Is the public any different? Congresswoman Barbara Lee instructs us to change the prevailing wisdom that makes wars possible. How would you articulate the current prevailing wisdom about war? Is it changing? If so, in what direction, and whats making it change? How does American public opinion about war compare to that of other countries? In Europe? In the Middle East? Chapter 8. Call to Disarm the World Modern warfare doesnt just happen on a battlefield it is a huge industry costing hundreds of billions of dollars a year. That money goes to build nuclear weapons, develop new military technology, and maintain bases around the globe. A major part of stopping war is taking apart the machinery of war, the bombs and ballistic missiles and nuclear submarines. This chapter focuses on disarmament, from a treaty to eradicate land mines to a nonviolent army commissioned to protest armed conflict wherever it may happen. International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) Jody Williams and her organization, the International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL), received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1997. In A World Working Together, she describes how ICBL achieved its unprecedented successes by coordinating nongovernmental organizations, UN organizations, and governments. The ICBL created a treaty calling for an end to the use, production, stockpiling, and sale of landmines, the retrieval of all mines still deployed, and the care of land mine victims. When the organization was launched, governments thought the eradication of landmines was an unattainable utopian dream. By the end of 2004, 143 nations were party to the Mine Ban Treaty. The United States is not one of them. The ICBL was able to appeal to the public conscience and change the way the world thinks about war, and what human costs it is willing to accept. Although it is difficult for an NGO to spearhead a change in international law, ICBLs unique effort provides a model for a new kind of international politics to address our common problems, a genuinely multilateral approach including governments, international bodies, and civil society. If the world is to be made secure, this sort of conscience-driven, inclusive policymaking is what will make it happen. Seating Women at the Peace Table Women of the twenty-first century know that war is no longer fought on a battlefield in an empty valley. It is fought in their communities, in their childrens schools, and even their own bodies. As Noeleen Heyzer, executive director of the United Nations Development Fund for Women, tells us in Seating Women at the Peace Table, forty million refugees have fled conflict zones around the world since the turn of the century, eighty percent of them women and children. Women in rape camps and refugee camps, women maimed by landmines and bombed in their own homes know that war is a womens issue, and that peace must be a top priority of any group concerned with womens welfare. Despite the toll war takes on women, they are seldom included when it comes time to draw up terms at the peace table. When they are included, we learn that women prioritize health, education, human rights, womens rights, and economic security. They believe that peace must begin in the streets and the schools, and that it hinges on meeting the needs of the many. But women are seldom included in the meetings that determine the conditions of peace or the distribution of resources. It is time to do things differently. Let women take their proper place at the peace tables and council meetings that shape their future, and give them an opportunity to craft a just and lasting peace. Ending the Nuclear Crisis When the Cold War ended, Helen Caldicott (pediatrician, author, and president of the Nuclear Policy Research Institute) thought that the days of nuclear standoff had ended. But, as she informs us in Ending the Nuclear Crisis: A Prescription for Survival, the U.S. still has its thousands of nuclear warheads trained on Russia, China, and a number of other countries, ready to go off on a seconds notice. Today there are 30,000 nuclear weapons in the world (97% belonging to the U.S. and Russia), and were still building more. The more weapons there are, the more danger there is that some will fall into the wrong hands, and the harder it is to tell any other nation that it shouldnt have an arsenal of its own. And thats not all there are 103 nuclear power plants in this country producing tons of nuclear waste that we still dont know what to do with. And in the case of a terrorist attack on one of them, the consequences would be a thousand times worse than Hiroshima. And the Bush administration wants to build more. These weapons and power plants are like a toxic disease eating away at the earth that sustains us. Its time to understand the implications of this for the health of our planet, and to get educated about the risks to our land, ourselves, and the generations to come. U.S. Hypocrisy In Nonproliferation: The U.S. Imperial Double Standard, Dr. Randall Forsberg, executive director of the Institute for Defense and Disarmament Studies, explains how the Bush administration has weakened or blocked every major international treaty designed to block the spread of WMDs. Current U.S. foreign policy consists of telling other nations (especially non-Western nations) to disarm immediately while at home we forsake all treaties that would limit our weapons development agenda and grant ourselves ever-greater latitude to use them against anyone, anytime. The Bush administration has walked away from each of these treaties: a proposed nuclear weapons reduction agreement with Russia, a global ban on all nuclear-test explosions, verification of the biological-weapons ban, a ban on weapons in outer space, the ABM treaty, missile nonproliferation agreements, a halt in the production of fissile material, and the nuclear nonproliferation treaty. Meanwhile, Bush has requested funds to beef up the U.S. nuclear weapons development program. It is difficult to see how he could have done more to foster the spread of WMDs. Closing Overseas Bases Joseph Gerson, author and director of programs of the American Friends Service Committee in New England, wants to bring our troops home. Not just home from Iraq, but home from the over seven hundred military bases and installations the U.S. maintains in countries around the globe. Each of these bases takes a heavy toll on its host country, from unpunished crimes to deadly accidents to harassment of women and skyrocketing prostitution industry. In the U.S. Declaration of Independence, Jefferson wrote that among King George IIIs crimes were keeping standing armies among the colonists in times of peace, armies which committed intolerable abuses and usurpations. The U.S. has built an empire stretching from Latin America to Asia to the heart of Europe, and if Bush plans to close a few bases, it is only to open more in new and strategic locations. Each base degrades its hosts sovereignty and incurs a loss of culture, health, values, and human rights. To stop future wars, the U.S. peace movement must learn about these issues and collaborate with the international efforts already underway to close the overseas bases and free the dozens of countries held hostage by them. Creating Armies for Peace Just about every nation in the world has an army for war. But today an army for peace is being built to stand against them. In Armies for Peace, Gar Smith, co-founder of Environmentalists Against War, describes how two men met in 1999 and formed the Nonviolent Peaceforce. Today, the NPF has ninety-two groups on six continents, and has sent volunteers to Sri Lanka to help facilitate the 2002 cease-fire and ease tensions between the Tamils and Sinhalese, and to Iraq to nonviolently protest the attacks on the holy city of Najaf. The NPF has plans to create a much larger force comprised of thousands of volunteers, paid soldiers, and reservists. President Bush contends that there will always be a need for armies of war. But soon, the world will have two kinds of armies to choose from. Summary A major part of stopping war is taking apart the machinery of war, the bombs and ballistic missiles and nuclear submarines. This chapter focuses on disarmament, from a treaty to eradicate land mines to a nonviolent army commissioned to protest armed conflict wherever it may happen. Jody Williams describes how she brought nongovernmental organizations, UN organizations, and governments together to stop land mines. Noeleen Heyzer argues that women, who pay such a high price for war and who have a distinct and humane set of security priorities, should be given their rightful place at the peace tables once wars are over. Helen Caldicott tells us just how nuclear the world is now, and why its so important to stop using this toxic power. Dr. Randall Forsberg explains how the Bush administration has weakened or blocked every major international treaty designed to block the spread of WMDs. Joseph Gerson examines the intolerable abuses of our hundreds of overseas bases and calls on us to help bring all the troops home. Gar Smith writes about the formation of the Nonviolent Peaceforce, an international army commissioned to protest armed conflicts wherever they occur. These are the struggles that will, in time, dismantle the machinery that aggressors will need to start the wars of the future. Study Questions The International Campaign to Ban Landmines was so successful in part because it coordinated nongovernmental organizations with governments and UN organizations. Is it possible or desirable for the peace movement to make such alliances? Are there particular countries or UN groups that might be interested in pursuing an agenda of peace? How can antiwar NGOs persuade such bodies that peace is not just a utopian dream but an actual possibility? Another strength of the ICBL is its broad appeal to the public, including a program specifically for the youth. Does the peace movement attract similar public involvement? The ICBL asks the public to participate in well-organized ways, from pledge programs to fund raising drives. Is the peace movement as successful in communicating a clear set of goals and specific ways to work towards them? The ICBL spearheaded the development of a treaty to ban landmines. Should there be a treaty to stop war? What would it say? Would it include provisions for self-defense, etc.? Have existing treaties limiting the occurrence and conduct of war (the Geneva Conventions, UN law, etc.) been effective? What role should women have in peace negotiations? Which women should be invited to the peace table (women from the general public, leaders of feminist groups, politicians, etc.)? In what ways can activists work towards this goal? Who decides which people are included in peace negotiations, and how can those groups be influenced? Do you believe that women consistently bring a distinct perspective and set of priorities to the peace table? If so, what do they consist of? What are the consequences of excluding women from peace talks? Are nuclear power plants a threat to peace? Why or why not? Are you concerned about the effects of nuclear power plants on the health of the American people or of the environment? Do you believe that the American public knows enough about the consequences of nuclear power generation? If not, should the peace movement get involved in the effort to educate people about them? How does the existence of nuclear weapons inhibit peace? Why do the U.S. and Russia retain their nuclear stockpiles? Are there any good reasons for this? How can the peace movement work to stop the development of new nuclear weapons and reduce existing arsenals? Why have the American people let President Bush get away with blocking or weakening so many vital nonproliferation treaties? Are they aware of what he has done? How can peace activists create a sense of outrage about this? The U.S. imperial double standard, as Dr. Randall Forsberg call sit, operates on the premise that U.S. military power gives us the right to both pursue any course of action we wish, and dictate to other nations what they can and cant do for the sake of their own security. Is peace possible on these terms? How can countries with less military power than the U.S. assert their right to a say in all this? How can antiwar activists help the American people make the connection between multilateralism and peace? Does the U.S. need to maintain military bases around the world? Why or why not? Do you think there are ways to make bases more tolerable to their host countries, or must they be shut down to stop the abuses? If our overseas bases are to be closed, do you think the U.S. will ever do it voluntarily, or must the host countries demand their closure? Should advocating the closure of these bases be a priority for the peace movement? Why or why not? Do you think the Nonviolent Peaceforce can effectively obstruct armed conflicts? If so, under what circumstances is this possible? At what point should the NPF be send into a conflict zone? Are there ways in which your organization could partner with the NFP to promote peace? Are there other groups sponsoring actions similar to those of the NFP in Sri Lanka and Najaf? What kinds of support would make these types of actions more effective? Chapter 9. Protect and Respect Resources If the U.S. did not depend on foreign oil, we wouldnt go to war to protect our supply. If we took effective measures to end poverty and hunger, there might not be terrorists to go to war against. Our peacefulness and militarism are connected to how we treat and use the world around us. This chapter explores how we can work towards a more eco-friendly, people-friendly, and peace-friendly future. Raising Fuel-Efficiency Standards In Victory Cars, Arianna Huffington, author and columnist, points out that our countrys ability to get tough on countries that harbor terrorists is seriously impaired by our dependence on foreign oil. The first step is raising fuel-efficiency standards increasing them by ten miles per gallon would save us about the same amount of oil that we import from the Middle East. American automakers need to move into the twenty-first century by raising their vehicles fuel-efficiency and introducing hybrid models. While gas prices go up and the American government is too beholden to the auto industry and oil companies to provide leadership, the American people are ready to step up to the plate. And there are plenty of things we can all do on our own to keep oil consumption down: giving up SUVs for more fuel efficient cars, making sure our tires are fully inflated, driving the speed limit, turning down thermostats and using energy-efficient light bulbs. Every gallon of gas you buy helps support authoritarian, anti-American regimes so do the patriotic thing, and buy Japanese. Conserving Resources Eco-activist Julia Butterfly Hill reminds us that every meal and shopping trip is an opportunity to create peace or to perpetuate war and a vote cast for the kind of future we want. In Conserving Our Resources, Resisting War, she encourages us to take practical steps towards a safer, cleaner world, from reducing, reusing, and recycling to refusing to pay federal taxes so your money wont pay for war. Remember that we are responsible for co-creating the world we want to see. Overcoming Addiction Jennifer Krill, director of the Zero Emissions Campaign at Rainforest Action Network, wants us to acknowledge that we have a problem an addiction to oil that leads us to war and to economic reliance on the most conflict-torn regions of the world. We betray the principles of democracy to get our fix. And oil is not a safe thing to abuse our over-consumption is causing global warming as well as supporting authoritarian regimes. But we arent working to shake the habit Fords big SUVs get worse gas mileage than a Model-T, and GM is selling a military vehicle as a family car. Jennifer lays out a twelve step program for overcoming this addiction, telling us to take actions from choosing to walk or take mass transit to demanding zero-emissions cars to getting big oils money out of politics and demanding clean energy, like solar and wind, more fuel-efficient cars, and investment in new alternatives like solar vehicles or engines that run on vegetable oil. Its up to us to kick the habit, one carpool at a time. Returning the Wealth of Iraq In Bring Halliburton Home, Naomi Klein, Canadian journalist and activist, teaches us that the occupation of Iraq isnt just a matter of troops and fighter planes. The occupying government has, in complete violation of international and military law, sold Iraq off to American corporations. The illegal privatization of Iraqs resources, contravening Iraqs Constitution as well as the Geneva Conventions and Hague Regulations, must not be tolerated, or Iraq will not be free even when the last American soldier has gone home. The Coalition Provisional Authority not only privatized Iraqs banks, mines, and factories, but also has allowed them to be owned 100 percent by foreign firms, with 100 percent of their profits leaving Iraq. And now the U.S. needs to make sure the new Iraqi government is pliant enough not to reverse these illegal sales. The antiwar movement must demand that these contracts be canceled and the wealth of Iraq returned to its rightful owners. Ending Poverty While the world is focused on the war against terror, the war against poverty is being lost. Religious extremists from around the world and from every faith spew hatred and call for religious war, and the attack on the World Trade Center and the war in Iraq have only made all sides more untrusting. Meanwhile, the plight of the common people of the world is growing more untenable as the rich give themselves raises. In Ending Poverty, Ending Terrorism, Benazir Bhutto, former prime minister of Pakistan, warns that the war on terror will never be won without a return to the values of tolerance, moderation, and interfaith understanding. In the developing world, rising stock prices hide the grim reality of falling wages and rising prices that the peasants and laborers must cope with every day. A thousand children starve to death every hour, while in America the average CEO makes over 400 times as much as the average factory worker. The war on terrorism cannot be won unless the terror of starvation is defeated everywhere; guns cannot eliminate the desperation of families without enough to eat. Discovering Your True Heritage Wangari Maathai, Nobel Peace Prize winner and Kenyas assistant minister for environment, natural resources, and wildlife, tells us that her people once believed that God dwelled on Mount Kenya. But then the missionaries and colonialists came, and denigrated her ancestors rich traditions of government, faith, culture, history, and the way of life that had enabled them to live in harmony with nature for millennia. In The Cracked Mirror, she tells us that this occupation shattered her peoples perceptions of themselves. This mental subjugation lasted even after the colonists departed, and Kenyas natural resources, the beautiful land and diversity of plants and animals it sheltered, were not cared for. The mountain where the God of her peoples forefathers dwelt was logged; its rivers began to dry up. Wangari founded the Green Belt Movement with the belief that showing people their true heritage, the one they had been told was of no value, would also restore respect for the land that is their birthright. By making connections between the problems of the ordinary people and their degraded environment, and by mobilizing community consciousness and cultural revival, the Green Belt Movement planted thirty million trees in thirty years. They have created sustainable development, reforestation, and exemplary government. When resources are managed properly, they are less scarce, and wars need not be fought over them. In planting trees, the Green Belt volunteers have planted the seeds of peace and of hope. Summary If the U.S. werent dependent on foreign oil, we wouldnt go to war to protect our supply. If we took effective measures to end poverty and hunger, there might not be terrorists to go to war against. Our peacefulness and militarism are connected to how we treat and use the world around us. Chapter 9 explores how we can work towards a more eco-friendly, people-friendly, and peace-friendly future. Arianna Huffington points out that our countrys ability to get tough on countries that harbor terrorists is seriously impaired by our dependence on foreign oil, and asks us to give up SUVs, drive our cars responsibly, and demand higher fuel-efficiency standards to help stop this. Julia Butterfly Hill reminds us that every meal and shopping trip and car trip is an opportunity to create peace or to perpetuate war and a vote cast for the kind of future we want, and encourages us to take practical steps towards a safer, cleaner world. Jennifer Krill wants us to acknowledge that we have a problem an addiction to oil that causes global warming and leads us to war and to economic reliance on the most conflict-torn regions of the world, and lays out a twelve-step program for overcoming this addiction. Naomi Klein explains how the Coalition government in Iraq has broken international and U.S. military law by privatizing Iraqi banks, mines, and factories and selling them off to foreign companies, stealing the country from its rightful owners. Benazir Bhutto warns that the war on terror will never be won while the war on poverty is being lost. Wangari Maathai describes how she transformed Kenyas approach to the environment by mobilizing community consciousness and cultural revival, and reminding her people about their true heritage. Each of these writers asks us to make the connection between the way we wage war and the way we exploit the land and peoples around us. Study Questions Why do you think American automakers have been so reluctant to move towards a more fuel-efficient fleet of cars? What do you think it would take for the U.S. government to significantly raise fuel efficiency standards will public opinion and rising oil prices have an effect, or is an overhaul of the campaign finance system needed? What can the peace movement do to help increase fuel efficiency in America? Do most Americans understand that our dependence on Middle Eastern oil inhibits our ability to effectively fight terrorism? What can peace activists do to make this connection more visible, and to publicize viable alternatives to importing oil? Julia Butterfly Hill argues that simplifying our lives and remembering to reduce, reuse, and recycle will help prevent wars. Do you agree? Why or why not? Julia Butterfly Hill suggests that we stop paying federal income taxes to keep our money from funding war. Do you think this is a good idea? Will it send a message to policymakers? Would you be willing to do it? Should peace activists start campaigns urging the public to not pay their taxes? In what ways does the U.S. betray the principles of democracy for oil? Are most Americans aware of this? How does the Bush administration justify it? How can we hold our leaders to higher standards in international relations? Is the U.S. investing enough in researching alternative fuel sources? If not, why? What can peace activists do to increase public support for this research, and persuade politicians to vote for it? How has the Coalition Provisional Government in Iraq gotten away with selling Iraqs assets off to foreign companies? Why has there not been more international outcry about it? Does this behavior tell us anything about what the U.S. motivation for invading Iraq was? How can peace activists work to return Iraqs factories and banks to their rightful owners? Can the American people be persuaded to protest these illegal sales? Can the Iraqi government be encouraged to reject the contracts? In the wake of 9/11, many American leaders talked about the importance of increasing foreign aid for economic development and education in the third world. Has there been any follow through with this? Why are the connections between poverty and terrorism not taken more seriously by our leaders? Has the U.S. shown any serious interest in the motivations driving people to terrorist acts? Is terrorism purely a symptom of poverty, or would U.S. foreign policy provoke extremists to terrorist acts even if everyone in the world had enough to eat? How can peace activists work to promote real efforts at eradicating poverty, and convincing the American people that being tough on terrorism means being tough on starvation and illiteracy and unemployment around the world? The Green Belt Movement of Kenya promotes environmental protection through cultural revival and social mobilization. Does the U.S. have a cultural heritage that should lead us to take better care of our land? If so, what is it, and how can activists make use of it to change American attitudes? What traditions do we have that are in conflict with our current militaristic foreign policy? Wangari Maathai argues that protecting scarce resources helps to prevent war. Do you agree? Is scarcity of resources one of the main reasons that the U.S. goes to war? Would better stewardship of our resources lead to decreased militarism? Chapter 10. Celebrate Joyful Revolution The path to peace is not a somber one. Despite the seriousness of our endeavor, it must be pursued with the joy of the world we wish to create. From essays about painting murals and staging theater for peace to Aya de Lens poem about the sad struggle and happy ending of the island of Vieques and Igo Rogovas poignant reminder that you must sing and dance in order to heal, the contributors to this chapter show us that the work of peace calls forth the full scope of our humanity. Prioritizing Creativity in Activism In Lessons from the Field: Igniting the Spirit of Joy, arts activist Alli Chagi-Starr describes the moments of spontaneous creativity that taught her that sustainable movements are joyful movements. Prioritizing creativity in activism draws media attention, builds community support, and revitalizes our own commitment to the struggle, reminding us why were working for justice. Artists are often at the forefront of dreaming up new directions for society and injecting tired movements with new vigor and passion. Allis experiences, from dancing at the WTO protests in Seattle to teaching children how to use their creativity for a cause, have taught her that the work of changing the world can and should be fun. Altering the Future A Planet Called Home is a poem in which Holly Near calls on her readers to view themselves as fabulous creatures sent to Earth to do one thing that will alter the outcome of the future just a little bit. Bearing Witness Juana Alicia is an artist and activist whose murals, which can be seen across the country, tell the hidden narratives of our communities. Her art bears witness to the struggles of the world and an attempt to resolve the problems of her own life. She hopes that in expressing the collective project of shaping our world. Coming from a marginalized community, she has made connections between the troubles of the Chicana/o people to those of other groups working for liberation elsewhere in the world, and the other embattled groups within America. In Picture Peace, Juana highlights the alternative hopes and histories that run counter to mainstream stereotypes, and strives to promote dialogue between members of diverse communities. Making a Scene On a March day in 2003, hundreds of thousands of people around the world gathered together to read a 2,500-year-old play about women banding together to stop war with a sexual boycott. Kathryn Blume, cofounder of the Lysistrata Project, believes that this is an especially powerful form of activism because it brings people together, connecting them in an emotional experience which makes them, at least for an evening, one community focused on one thing. In Making a Scene, Kathryn argues that war is caused by fear and peace grows out of compassion. Its easy to see one another as alien and as other, and therefore as dangerous. But art helps us move from fear to compassion, helping people understand that fundamentally they are all more alike than different. We share the same fundamental needs, and many of the same hopes, and can come together to witness actors performing an ancient play and feel the same sense of emotional identification and connectedness. This bond can stretch across language barriers and cultures, and helps us drop our personal defenses and see one another as human beings. A play can also help us envision and act out a better future, a different kind of community, and to expand the realm of what we see as possible. Coming Together with Love and Defiance In The New America, Cynthia McKinney, Georgias first African-American Congresswoman, tells us that the values and character of America, the things that Americans have fought and suffered for generations to create, are now under threat. The U.S. has cut its international ties and waged a war predicted to go on for over a generation, while at home our economy is in disarray and poverty and homelessness are on the rise. Special interests have taken control of our government and are using it for the personal advantage of the few rather than the good of the many. While working families must empty their savings to pay their bills and one million black children live in poverty, the Bush administration demands money for a larger military, a missile defense shield, and a bigger nuclear arsenal with which to dominate the entire world. We need to steep ourselves in the intergenerational dialogue that teaches us what we can accomplish when we come together with love and defiance. The country we love today was built on the painful struggle of our parents and grandparents, and we will lose it if we do not step forward to continue the fight. Realizing Your Revolutionary Dream Adrienne Maree Brown, writer, activist, and singer, points out that though the young dont often start wars, they are called on to fight in them, and therefore have a responsibility to fight against them. In To the Next Generation of Peacemakers, she tells us that this begins with having a revolutionary dream of what a better world would look like, and then waking up and taking practical steps towards making it a reality. Educate yourself about the current political system so youll know what its pressure points are, what avenues there might be for change. Question everything your leaders tell you or your teachers teach you. Vote whenever you can, but remain active all the time, involving yourself in politics and being aware of everyday decisions like what to buy. Take the time to find out if the shirt youre looking at was sewn in a sweatshop. Stand up for human rights and an end to poverty, even if it costs you some of your luxuries. Run for office, or work to support candidates you believe in. Then hold your elected officials accountable. Support alternative media. Seek out mentors in peace and be completely engaged. Work every day to realize your revolutionary dream every day. Appreciating LovingKindness Aung San Suu Kyi, leader of the pro-democracy movement in Burma and Nobel peace laureate, was kept under house arrest for years because of her activism. At times she had so little money she became malnourished. Yet, as Sharon Salzberg writes in The Opportunity of Imprisonment, her suffering did not make her cynical, and it did not make her back down. Like many other people who have faced imprisonment in a jail cell or a diseased body, she found that her lack of physical freedom increased her appreciation of lovingkindness. When threatened with re-imprisonment, she replied that it would only strengthen her spiritual life. Imprisoning conditions cannot take our freedom if we follow the tenets of lovingkindness. Ten Ways to Create a Nonviolent World In What You Can Do To Help Prevent the Next War, CODEPINK cofounder Medea Benjamin lists ten ways ordinary citizens can work to create a nonviolent world: Educate yourself on the issues. Demand truthful media. Speak out, in conversations, opinion articles, and calls to radio shows. Hold your leaders accountable make sure they know how you think theyre doing. Help the U.S. kick our oil addiction by choosing eco-friendly transportation, making your home energy efficient, and joining groups that work to reduce oil consumption. Build the peace movement join a group and then participate in teach-ins and speak-outs and work to reach out to a broader community. Support members of the military who are speaking out against the war, and help with counter-recruitment efforts. Protect our civil liberties and oppose the backlash against minorities. Support the creation of a Department of Peace. Encourage the teaching of peace in your local schools, libraries, and through organizations helping young people work for peace. The struggle to end war is a global movement that rejects all kinds of violence, and each individual contribution makes a difference. Never forget what youre fighting for, and with energy, patience, and determination we will work together to create a peaceful world. Summary The path to peace is not a somber one. Despite the seriousness of our endeavor, it must be pursued with the joy of the world we wish to create. The contributors to this chapter show us that the work of peace calls forth the full scope of our humanity. Alli Chagi-Starr tells us that prioritizing creativity in activism draws media attention, builds community support, and revitalizes our own commitment to the struggle, reminding us why were working for justice. Holly Near calls on her readers to view themselves as fabulous creatures sent to Earth to do one thing that will alter the outcome of the future just a little bit. Juana Alicia paints murals that highlight the alternative hopes and histories that run counter to mainstream stereotypes, and strives to promote dialogue between members of diverse communities. Kathryn Blume explains that theater is a powerful form of activism because it brings people together, connecting them in an emotional experience that makes them, at least for an evening, one community focused on one thing. Cynthia McKinney lets us know that the country we love today was built on the painful struggle of our parents and grandparents, and we that will lose it if we do not step forward to continue the fight. Adrienne Maree Brown points out that though the young dont often start wars, they are called on to fight in them, and therefore have a responsibility to fight against them, and goes on to offer some advice on how. Sharon Salzberg writes about Aung San Suu Kyi to show how imprisonment cannot take away the freedom of someone committed to spiritual life and the tenets of lovingkindness. Medea Benjamin lists ten ways in which ordinary citizens can work to create a nonviolent world. Each of these writers reminds us that what matters is not just the work we do, but the spirit of joy and creativity that we bring along with us on the long march towards peace. Study Questions Igo Rogova describes the importance of singing and dancing. What are the songs that inspire you in your work for peace? When do you sing them, or listen to them? How does music make a difference in your efforts? Alli Chagi-Starr calls for creative approaches to activism. How have the organizations and events youve been a part of incorporate art and creativity? Have the more creative aspects of your activism been especially effective? What are new ways you could incorporate art into your organizations work? Alli Chagi-Starr argues that its important to preach to the choir sometimes, to reinvigorate the activist community and build energy and enthusiasm when it wanes. How much of your organizations work is directed at members of the peace movement? Do you believe this is as important as the work that addresses the general public or elected officials? Juana Alicia works to depict the stories that the mainstream media passes over in her art. Is telling stories about ordinary people an important part of the work for peace? What kind of power does this sort of activism have? Juana Alicia writes that she strives to create dialogue between different groups through her painting. Does your own form of activism build these kinds of bridges? If so, how? Is art an especially good medium for starting conversations? Kathryn Blume believes that the work of peace is done when people who saw each other as insurmountably different become part of the same community. What kinds of activism besides theater form these sorts of bonds? What humanizes us in the eyes of others? Are there particular groups it is especially important to form communities with? Kathryn Blume uses the play Lysistratus as a mechanism of bringing people together for the sake of peace. What other plays might have the same effect? Would a movie create a similar sense of community, or is it too impersonal? What about a collection of paintings, or a poetry reading? Would it make sense for your organization to gather people together to experience peace-oriented art? Cynthia McKinney calls on us to step forward and join the ongoing fight to preserve American values. What do you believe are the core American values? Has America ever fully lived up to them? How can peace activists bring the current administrations betrayal of those values to the public eye in a meaningful way? How can the American people be persuaded that their national character is at risk? Adrienne Maree Brown asks each of us to develop our own revolutionary dream. What is your dream? How does the world work in your imagined future? Who has power? How do they get it? Now, what are some specific ways that you can work towards creating that sort of a system? Adrienne Maree Brown offers some advice on how to bring your revolutionary dream closer to realization. Which of her suggestions have you tried? Are there others you plan to try in the future? Are there other strategies youve thought of that arent on her list? Aung San Suu Kyi feels that her imprisonment strengthened her commitment to the tenets of lovingkindness. What do you believe the tenets of lovingkindness are? What experiences have reinforced your belief in them? Do you believe the peace movement in general works in alignment with them? Is there a spiritual dimension to your commitment to peace? If so, what form does it take? Medea Benjamin lists ten ways you can work for peace. Which of them does your organization focus on (or are there other important methods she has left out)? Do you think its better to spend most of your time on one approach or aspect of the peace movement, or to be active in many different areas of it? Sample Promotion Letter for CODEPINKs New Book Dear (Professor or Department), As a professor in the Womens Studies, Peace and Justice, or Humanities realm (change as appropriate), you know the importance of providing students with excellent resources on current political issues, highlighting the lively debate and social action around the critical issues of our time. CODEPINKs new book Stop the Next War Now: Effective Responses to Violence and Terrorism is an excellent example of such a resource. This book collects the voices and work of over 70 amazing women and men working to create a more peaceful world. As the countrys most visible womens anti-war nonviolent resistance movement, CODEPINK is leading the way in quelling the fires of imperialism by demanding accountability from our elected officials and speaking out against the illegal and immoral war in Iraq through creative and radical actions and well-crafted campaigns. The name CODEPINK started as a pun: a creative way to counter the fear-based, color-coded alert system instituted by the Bush administration. Since the onset of the Iraq War, CODEPINK has inspired thousands of women in the US and abroad to make the color pink synonymous with pro-peace action. In cities across the world, CODEPINK women have made their disapproval of administration policies visible through nonviolent actions, including hanging 40-foot banners with political slogans out hotel-room windows, handing out pink educational flyers during weekly vigils, and awarding pink slips (actual womens slips) to the political and corporate armchair warriors leading us to war. CODEPINK has organized five trips to Iraq, including the most recent delegation to the Iraq-Jordan border last January, comprised of US military and 9-11 families who met with Iraqi victims and distributed over $600,000 in humanitarian aid. Efforts such as these have not only amplified activist-oriented responsiveness, but have also brought awareness to the real costs of war. Now, the same proactive women who have changed the face of the anti-war movement bring you this remarkable collection of essays. The diverse voices of this text address the ways in which the global peace movement can successfully stop the next war. Contributing authors include Congresswoman Barbara Lee on taking risks for peace, Nobel Peace Prize winner Wangari Maathai on preventing resource wars, radio host Amy Goodman on the power of dissent and the independent media, playwright Eve Ensler on the pain of war and the need to amplify womens voices, conscientious objector Camilo Mejia on dissent in the military, Pakistans Benazir Bhutto on ending poverty, and columnist Arianna Huffington on overcoming oil addiction. Edited by CODEPINK founders Medea Benjamin and Jodie Evans, with a foreword by Alice Walker and introduction Arundhati Roy, this valuable new book offers a time-sensitive, poignant, and practical examination of the global shift towards unending violence and provides tools for countering this shift that range from small daily changes to strategies for rallying the masses to take nonviolent action. Additionally, the CODEPINK staff has created a student study guide to accompany this remarkable teaching resource. If you are interested in purchasing an exam copy, please contact Dianna Grindhauser at  HYPERLINK "mailto:diannag@innerocean.com" diannag@innerocean.com, and if you would like to find out more about the CODEPINK movement, please visit the CODEPINK website at  HYPERLINK "http://www.codepinkalert.org" www.codepinkalert.org. Towards peace and justice, Medea Benjamin, Jodie Evans, Gael Murphy, and the staff of CODEPINK: Women for Peace Table of Contents Page  PAGE 6 CODEPINK Student Handbook Stop the Next War Now: Effective Reponses to Violence and Terrorism Page  PAGE 5 Table of Contents Table of Contents Preface Preface Chapter 1. It Starts with One Voice Chapter 1. It Starts with One Voice Chapter 2. From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace Chapter 2. From a Culture of Violence to a Culture of Peace Chapter 3. Building a Stronger Antiwar Movement Chapter 3. Building a Stronger Antiwar Movement Chapter 4. Strengthening Womens Voices Chapter 4. Strengthening Womens Voices Chapter 5. The Humanity We Share Chapter 5. The Humanity We Share Chapter 6. Unspin the Media Chapter 6. Unspin the Media Chapter 7. Hold Our Leaders Accountable Chapter 7. Hold Our Leaders Accountable Chapter 8. Call to Disarm the World Chapter 8. Call to Disarm the World Chapter 9. Protect and Respect Resources Chapter 9. Protect and Respect Resources Chapter 10. Celebrate Joyful Revolution Chapter 10. Celebrate Joyful Revolution Chapter 15. Student Resources Chapter 15. 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